摘要
阿沙哇义金矿位于中国新疆南天山造山带,属于著名的中亚南天山锑-汞-金成矿带的东延部分。该矿床严格受断裂所控制,以浸染状黄铁矿化、毒砂化为特征。矿化可分为三个阶段:早期无矿或贫矿石英阶段,中期石英多金属硫化物阶段,晚期石英-碳酸盐阶段。其中,中期是主要成矿阶段。成矿流体气相成分以H_2O为主,摩尔含量为75%~93%,其次为CO_2,摩尔含量为6%~25%,其余为CH_4、C_2H_6、H_2S、N_2和Ar;液相成分阳离子以Na~+为主,含少量K~+、Ca~(2+)离子,阴离子以Cl~-为主,SO~(2-)次之;矿石的Au含量与其流体的CO_2含量呈反相关,与K~+含量呈正相关。硫化物成分分析结果表明:(1)围岩地层和矿石中的黄铁矿和毒砂是重要的载金矿物,黄铁矿Au含量为0~0. 09%,平均值0. 03%;毒砂Au含量为0~0. 28%,平均值0. 07%;(2)黄铁矿和毒砂Au含量与其自形程度没有明显的相关性;(3)环带状黄铁矿较均质结构黄铁矿具有更高的Au含量;(4)岩体中的黄铁矿几乎不含Au。在成矿构造环境、成矿流体特征及演化、金矿富集机制、成矿温压条件等方面,该矿床与世界上大多数造山型金矿显示出一致性,成矿类型应属于剥蚀程度较浅的造山型金矿。断层阀作用控制的断层愈合-破裂导致的流体不混溶作用是本区金富集、沉淀的最重要机制,但流体混合机制对金的富集沉淀也发挥了作用。黄铁矿、毒砂发育及较多的含炭物质三者共存是本区寻找富矿的关键标志。
The Ashawayi gold deposit is located in the eastern part of South Tianshan Sb-Hg-Au metallogenic belt which is one of the important sources of gold in China. This deposit is characterized by typical disseminated pyritization and arsenopyritization,and its distribution is controlled by faults. Three stages of hydrothermal alteration have been identied,including:( 1) the early stage with no mineralization or quartz-growth;( 2) the middle stage with occurrences of quartz polymetallic sulfide; and( 3) the late stage with quartz and carbonatization. Among them,the middle stage is the main period for mineralization. The gas phase compositions of the fluid from the middle stage ores are mainly H2 O( 75% ~ 93%),and subordinately followed by CO2( 6% ~ 25%),and the rests are CH4,C2 H6,H2 S,N2 and Ar. The cations are mainly Na+with minor K+and Ca2 +while the anions are mainly Cl-,followed by SO2-. The Au content in the ore is inversely correlated with the CO2 content,and is positively correlated with the K+content of the fluid from the ore. The analytical results of the sulfide compositions show that:( 1) The pyrite and arsenopyrite in the wall rocks and ores are mainly auriferous minerals. The Au contents in pyrite and arsenopyrite are 0 ~ 0. 09%( 0. 03% on average) and 0 ~ 0. 28%( 0. 07% on average),respectively;( 2) There is no obvious correlation between Au content and crystal morphology of the pyrite and arsenopyrite;( 3) Cyclic zonal pyrite contains higher Au contents than the pyrite having homogeneous structure;( 4) Au rarely occurs in the pyrite from magmatic rocks. Many factors,such as ore-forming structural environments,properties and evolution of ore-forming fluids,the mechanism of gold enrichment and the estimation for ore-forming P-T conditions,are similar with ones of most orogenic gold deposits in the world. Thus we suggest that the Ashawayi gold deposit is an orogenic gold deposit with relatively shallow denudation.The possible mechanism for mineralization is associated with the fault healing and fracturing which induced the immixing process of fluids. The fluid mixing mechanism also plays a role in gold enrichment and precipitation. As a result,we proposed that the development and coexistence of pyrite,arsenopyrite and carbonaceous material is the most favorable marks for the exploration of highgrade ores in the Ashawayi gold deposit.
引文
Abzalov M.2007.Zarmitan granitoid-hosted gold deposit,Tianshan belt,Uzbekistan.Economic Geology,102(3):519-532
Allen MB,Windley BF and Zhang C.1993.Palaeozoic collisional tectonics and magmatism of the Chinese Tien Shan,Central Asia.Tectonophysics,220(1-4):89-115
Benning LG and Seward TM.1996.Hydrosulphide complexing of Au(I)in hydrothermal solutions from 150~400℃and 500~1500bar.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,60(11):1849-1871
Berge J.2011.Paleoproterozoic,turbidite-hosted,gold deposits of the Ashanti gold belt(Ghana,West Africa):Comparative analysis of turbidite-hosted gold deposits and an updated genetic model.Ore Geology Reviews,39(1-2):91-100
Bierlein FP and Maher S.2001.Orogenic disseminated gold in Phanerozoic fold belts:Examples from Victoria,Australia and elsewhere.Ore Geology Reviews,18(1-2):113-148
Bierlein FP,Cartwright I and McK night S.2001.The role of carbonaceous“indicator”slates in the genesis of lode gold mineralization in the western Lachlan Orogen,Victoria,Southeastern Australia.Economic Geology,96(3):431-451
Bierlein FP,Groves DI,Goldfarb RJ and DubéB.2006.Lithospheric controls on the formation of provinces hosting giant orogenic gold deposits.Mineralium Deposita,40(8):874-886
Bierlein FP and Wilde AR.2010.New constraints on the polychronous nature of the giant Muruntau gold deposit from wall-rock alteration and ore paragenetic studies.Australian Journal of Earth Sciences,57(6):839-854
Biske YS and Seltmann R.2010.Paleozoic Tian-Shan as a transitional region between the Rheic and Urals-Turkestan oceans.Gondwana Research,17(2-3):602-613
Bodnar RJ and Vityk MO.1994.Interpretation of microthermometric data for H2O-NaCl fluid inclusions.In:De Vivo B and Frezzotti ML(eds.).Fluid Inclusions in Minerals:Methods and Applications.Blacksburg:Virginia Technology,117-130
Brown PE.1989.FLINCOR:A microcomputer program for the reduction and investigation of fluid-inclusion data.American Mineralogist,74(11-12):1390-1393
Brown PE.1998.Fluid inclusion modeling for hydrothermal systems.In:Richards JP and Larson PB(eds.).Techniques in Hydrothermal Ore Deposits Geology.Littleton,Colorado:Society of Economic Geologists,10:51-171
Carroll AR,Graham SA,Hendrix MS,Ying D and Zhou D.1995.Late Paleozoic tectonic amalgamation of northwestern China:Sedimentary record of the northern Tarim,northwestern Turpan,and southern Junggar basins.Geological Society of America Bulletin,107(5):571-594
Chang ZS,Large RR and Maslennikov V.2008.Sulfur isotopes in sediment-hosted orogenic gold deposits:Evidence for an early timing and a seawater sulfur source.Geology,36(12):971-974
Chen HY,Chen YJ and Baker MJ.2012a.Evolution of ore-forming fluids in the Sawayaerdun gold deposit in the southwestern Chinese Tianshan metallogenic belt,Northwest China.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,49:131-144
Chen HY,Chen YJ and Baker M.2012b.Isotopic geochemistry of the Sawayaerdun orogenic-type gold deposit,Tianshan,Northwest China:Implications for ore genesis and mineral exploration.Chemical Geology,310-311:1-11
Chen K,Tian XW,Yang GR and Zhang YT.2007.The geological characteristics and exploration guides at the Ashawayi gold deposit.Xinjiang Geology,25(4):384-388(in Chinse with English abstract)
Chen YJ,Pirajno F and Sui YH.2004.Isotope geochemistry of the Tieluping silver-lead deposit,Henan,China:A case study of orogenic silver-dominated deposits and related tectonic setting.Mineralium Deposita,39(5-6):560-575
Chen YJ,Pirajno F and Sui YH.2005.Geology and D-O-C isotope systematical of the Tieluping silver deposit,Henan,China:Implications for ore genesis.Acta Geologica Sinica,79(1):106-119
Chen YJ.2006.Orogenic-type deposits and their metallogenic model and exploration potential.Geology in China,33(6):1181-1196(inChinese with English abstract)
Chen YJ,Pirajno F,Qi JP,Li J and Wang HH.2006.Ore geology,fluid geochemistry and genesis of the Shanggong gold deposit,eastern Qinling Orogen,China.Resource Geology,56(2):99-116
Chen YJ,Ni P,Fan HR,Pirajno F,Lai Y,Su WC and Zhang H.2007.Diagnostic fluid inclusions of different types hydrothermal gold deposit.Acta Petrologica Sinica,23(9):2085-2108(in Chinese with English abstract)
Cheng NN,Liu Q,Hou QL,Wei W,Shi MY,He M and Guo QQ.2018.Discussions on the stress-chemical process of gold precipitation and metallogenic mechanism in shear zone type gold deposits.Acta Petrologica Sinica,34(7):2165-2180(in Chinse with English abstract)
Cole A,Wilkinson JJ,Halls C and Serenko TJ.2000.Geological characteristics,tectonic setting and preliminary interpretations of the Jilau gold-quartz vein deposit,Tajikistan.Mineralium Deposita,35(7):600-618
Cook NJ and Chryssoulis SL.1990.Concentrations of invisible gold in the common sulfides.The Canadian Mineralogist,28(1):1-16
Cox SF,Sun SS,Etheridge MA,Wall VJ and Potter TF.1995.Structural and geochemical controls on the development of turbiditehosted gold quartz vein deposits,Wattle Gully mine,central Victoria,Australia.Economic Geology,90(6):1722-1746
Cox SF,Knackstedt MA and Braun J.2001.Principles of structural control on permeability and fluid flow in hydrothermal systems.In:Richards JP and Tosdal RM(eds.).Structural Controls on Ore Genesis.Littleton,Colorado:Society of Economic Geologists,14:1-24
Craw D.1992.Fluid evolution,fluid immiscibility and gold deposition during cretaceous-recent tectonics and uplift of the Otago and Alpine schist,New Zealand.Chemical Geology,98(3-4):221-236
Craw D.2002.Geochemistry of late metamorphic hydrothermal alteration and graphitisation of host rock,Macraes gold mine,Otago Schist,New Zealand.Chemical Geology,191(4):257-275
Craw D,MacK enzie DJ,Pitcairn IK,Teagle DAH and Norris RJ.2007.Geochemical signatures of mesothermal Au-mineralized latemetamorphic deformation zones,Otago Schist,New Zealand.Geochemistry:Exploration,Environment,Analysis,7(3):225-232
Craw D,Mortensen J,MacK enzie D and Pitcairn I.2015.Contrasting geochemistry of orogenic gold deposits in Yukon,Canada and Otago,New Zealand.Geochemistry:Exploration,Environment,Analysis,15(2-3):150-166
Deditius AP,Utsunomiya S,Ewing RC,Chryssoulis SL Venter D and Kesler SE.2009.Decoupled geochemical behavior of As and Cu in hydrothermal systems.Geology,37(8):707-710
Deditius AP,Reich M,Kesler SE,Utsunomiya S,Chryssoulis SL,Walshe J and Ewing RC.2014.The coupled geochemistry of Au and As in pyrite from hydrothermal ore deposits.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,140:644-670
Frimmel HE.2008.Earth's continental crustal gold endowment.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,267(1-2):45-55
Gao J,Long LL,Qian Q,Huang DZ,Su W and Klemd R.2006.South Tianshan:A Late Paleozoic or a Triassic orogen?Acta Petrologica Sinica,22(5):1049-1061(in Chinese with English abstract)
Gao J,Long LL,Klemd R,Qian Q,Liu DY,Xiong XM,Su W,Liu W,Wang YT and Yang FQ.2009.Tectonic evolution of the South Tianshan orogen and adjacent regions,NW China:Geochemical and age constraints of granitoid rocks.International Journal of Earth Sciences,98(6):1221-1238
Gao J,Klemd R,Qian Q,Zhang X,Li J,Jiang T and Yang Y.2011.The collision between the Yili and Tarim blocks of the southwestern Altaids:Geochemical and age constraints of a leucogranite dike crosscutting the HP-LT metamorphic belt in the Chinese Tianshan Orogen.Tectonophysics,499(1-4):118-131
Goldfarb RG,Baker T,DubéB,Groves DI,Hart CJR and Gosselin P.2005.Distribution,character,and genesis of gold deposits in metamorphic terranes.In:Hedenquist JW,Thompson JFH,Goldfarb J and Richards JP(eds.).One Hundredth Anniversary Volume.Colorado USA:Society of Economic Geologists,407-450
Goldfarb RG and Groves DI.2015.Orogenic gold:Common or evolving fluid and metal sources through time.Lithos,233:2-26
Goldfarb RJ,Leach DL,Rose SC and Landis GP.1989.Fluid inclusion geochemistry of gold-bearing quartz veins of the Juneau gold belt,southeastern Alaska:Implications for ore genesis.In:Keays RR,Ramsay WRH and Groves DI(eds.).The Geology of Gold Deposits:The Perspective in 1988.Littleton,Colorado:Society of Economic Geologists,6:363-375
Goldfarb RJ,Miller LD,Leach DL and Snee LW.1997.Gold deposits in metamorphic rocks of Alaska.In:Goldfarb RJ and Miller LD(eds.).Mineral Deposits of Alaska.Littleton,Colorado:Society of Economic Geologists,9:151-190
Goldfarb RJ,Groves DI and Gardoll S.2001.Orogenic gold and geologic time:A global synthesis.Ore Geology Reviews,18(1-2):1-75
Goldfarb RJ,Taylor RD,Collins GS,Goryachev NA and Orlandini OF.2014.Phanerozoic continental growth and gold metallogeny of Asia.Gondwana Research,25(1):48-102
Graupner T,Niedermann S,Kempe U,Klemd R and Bechtel A.2006.Origin of ore fluids in the Muruntau gold system:Constraints from noble gas,carbon isotope and halogen data.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,70(21):5356-5370
Groves DI,Goldfarb RJ,Gebre-Mariam M,Hagemann SG and Robert F.1998.Orogenic gold deposits:A proposed classification in the context of their crustal distribution and relationship to other gold deposit types.Ore Geology Reviews,13(1-5):7-27
Groves DI,Goldfarb RJ,Knox-Robinson CM,Ojala J,Gardoll S,Yun GY and Holyland P.2000.Late-kinematic timing of orogenic gold deposits and significance for computer-based exploration techniques with emphasis on the Yilgarn Block,Western Australia.Ore Geology Review,17(1-2):1-38
Groves DI,Goldfarb RJ,Robert F and Hart CJR.2003.Gold deposits in metamorphic belts:Overview of current understanding,outstanding problems,future research,and exploration significance.Economic Geology,98(1):1-29
Guha J,Lu HZ and Gagnon M.1990.Gas composition of fluid inclusions using solid probe mass spectrometry and its application to study of mineralizing processes.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,54(3):553-558
Guha J,Lu HZ,DubéB,Robert F and Gagnon M.1991.Fluid characteristics of vein and altered wall rock in Archean mesothermal gold deposits.Economic Geology,86(3):667-684
Hazarika P,Mishra B and Pruseth KL.2017.Trace-element geochemistry of pyrite and arsenopyrite:Ore genetic implications for Late Archean orogenic gold deposits in southern India.Mineralogical Magazine,81(3):661-678
Hu FF,Fan HR,Shen K,Zhai MG,Jin CW and Chen XS.2005.Nature and evolution of ore-forming fluids in the Rushan lode gold deposit,Jiaodong Peninsula of eastern China.Acta Petrologica Sinica,21(5):1329-1338(in Chinse with English abstract)
Hu SY,Evans K,Craw D,Rempel K,Bourdet J,Dick J and Grice K.2015.Raman characterization of carbonaceous material in the Macraes orogenic gold deposit and metasedimentary host rocks,New Zealand.Ore Geology Reviews,70:80-95
Hu SY,Evans K,Craw D,Rempel K and Grice K.2017.Resolving the role of carbonaceous material in gold precipitation in metasedimenthosted orogenic gold deposits.Geology,45(2):167-170
Huang H,Zhang ZC,Kusky T,Zhang DY,Hou T,Liu JL and Zhao ZD.2012.Geochronology and geochemistry of the Chuanwulu complex in the South Tianshan,western Xinjiang,NW China:Implications for petrogenesis and Phanerozoic continental growth.Lithos,140-141:66-85
Ilchik RP and Barton MD.1997.An amagmatic origin of Carlin-type gold deposit.Economic Geology,92(3):269-288
Jia Y,Li X and Kerrich R.2000.A fluid inclusion study of Au-bearing quartz vein systems in the central and North Deborah deposits of the Bendigo gold field,Central Victoria,Australia.Economic Geology,95(3):467-494
Kempe U,Seltmann R,Graupner T,Rodionov N,Sergeev SA,Matukov DI and Kremenetsky AA.2015.Concordant U-Pb SHRIMP ages of U-rich zircon in granitoids from the Muruntau gold district(Uzbekistan):Timing of intrusion,alteration ages,or meaningless numbers.Ore Geology Reviews,65:308-326
Kempe U,Graupner T,Seltmann R,de Boorder H,Dolgopolova A and van Emmichoven MZ.2016.The Muruntau gold deposit(Uzbekistan):A unique ancient hydrothermal system in the Southern Tien Shan.Geoscience Frontiers,7(3):495-528
Kerrich R,Goldfarb R,Groves D,Garwin S and Jia YF.2000.The characteristics,origins,and geodynamic settings of supergiant gold metallogenic provinces.Science in China(Series D),43(Suppl.1):1-68
Klemd R,Br9cker M,Hacker BR,Gao J,Gans P and Wemmer K.2005.New age constraints on the metamorphic evolution of the highpressure/low-temperature belt in the western Tianshan Mountains,NW China.The Journal of Geology,113(2):157-168
Konopelko D,Biske G,Seltmann R,Eklund O and Belyatsky B.2007.Hercynian post-collisional A-type granites of the Kokshaal Range,southern Tien Shan,Kyrgyzstan.Lithos,97(1-2):140-160
Krˇíbek B,SykorováI,Machovicˇ,V,Knésl I,Laufek F and Zachariá2 J.2015.The origin and hydrothermal mobilization of carbonaceous matter associated with Paleoproterozoic orogenic-type gold deposits of West Africa.Precambrian Research,270:300-317
Large RR,Danyushevsky L,Hollit C,Maslennikov V,Meffre S,Gilbert S,Bull S,Scott R,Emsbo P,Thomas H,Singh B and Foster J.2009.Gold and trace element zonation in pyrite using a laser imaging technique:Implications for the timing of gold in orogenic and Carlinstyle sediment-hosted deposits.Economic Geology,104(5):635-668
Large RR,Bull SW and Maslennikov VV.2011.A carbonaceous sedimentary source-rock model for Carlin-type and orogenic gold deposits.Economic Geology,106(3):331-358
Liu JJ,Zheng MH,Cook NJ,Long XR,Deng J and Zhai YS.2007.Geological and geochemical characteristics of the Sawaya’erdun gold deposit,southwestern Chinese Tianshan.Ore Geology Reviews,32(1-2):125-156
Long LL,Gao J,Wang JB,Qian Q,Xiong XM,Wang YW,Wang LJand Gao LM.2008.Geochemistry and SHRIMP zircon U-Pb age of post-collisional granites in the Southwest Tianshan Orogenic Belt of China:Examples from the Heiyingshan and Laohutai plutons.Acta Geologica Sinica,82(2):415-424
Lu HZ.2008a.Fluid inclusions in mantle rocks.Acta Petrologica Sinica,24(9):1954-1960(in Chinese with English abstract)
Lu HZ.2008b.Role of CO2fluid in the formation of gold deposits:Fluid inclusion evidences.Geochimica,37(4):321-328(in Chinese with English abstract)
Mao JW,Qiu XM,Goldfarb RJ,Zhang ZC and Ren FS.2002.Geology,distribution,and classification of gold deposits in the western Qinling belt,central China.Mineralium Deposita,37(3-4):352-377
Mao JW,Han CM,Wang YT,Yang JM and Wang ZL.2002.Geological characteristics,metallogenic model and criteria for exploration of the large South Tianshan gold metallogenic belt in Central Asia.Geological Bulletin of China,21(12):858-868(in Chinese with English abstract)
Mao JW,Konopelko D,Seltmann R,Lehmann B,Chen W,Wang YT,Eklund O and Usubaliev T.2004.Postcollisional age of the Kumtor gold deposit and timing of Hercynian events in the Tien Shan,Kyrgyzstan.Economic Geology,99(8):1771-1780
McC uaig TC and Kerrich R.1998.P-T-t-deformation-fluid characteristics of lode gold deposits:Evidence from alteration systematics.Ore Geology Reviews,12(6):381-453
Mikucki EJ.1998.Hydrothermal transport and depositional processes in Archean lode-gold systems:A review.Ore Geology Reviews,13(1-5):307-321
Morelli R,Creaser RA,Seltmann R,Stuart FM,Selby D and Graupner T.2007.Age and source constraints for the giant Muruntau golddeposit,Uzbekistan,from coupled Re-Os-He isotopes in arsenopyrite.Geology,35(9):795-798
Naden J and Shepherd TJ.1989.Role of methane and carbon dioxide in gold deposition.Nature,342(6251):793-795
Pa2ava J,VymazalováA,Ko2ler J,Koneev RI,Jukov AV and Khalmatov RA.2010.Platinum-group elements in ores from the Kalmakyr porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit,Uzbekistan:Bulk geochemical and laser ablation ICP-MS data.Mineralium Deposita,45(5):411-418
Pa2ava J,Frimmel H,VymazalováA,Dobes P,Jukov AV and Koneev RI.2013.A two-stage evolution model for the Amantaytau orogenictype gold deposit in Uzbekistan.Mineralium Deposita,48(7):825-840
Phillips GN and Groves DI.1984.Fluid access and fluid-wall rock interaction in the genesis of the Archaean gold-quartz vein deposit at Hunt mine,Kambalda,Western Australia.In:Foster RP(ed.).Gold’82:The Geology,Geochemistry and Genesis of Gold Deposits.Rotterdam:Balkema,389-416
Pitcairn IK,Roberts S,Teagle DAH and Craw D.2005.Detecting hydrothermal graphite deposition during metamorphism and gold mineralization.Journal of the Geological Society,162(3):429-432
Ramboz C,Pichavant M and Weisbrod A.1982.Fluid immiscibility in natural processes:Use and misuse of fluid inclusion data:II.Interpretation of fluid inclusion data in terms of immiscibility.Chemical Geology,37(1-2):29-48
Reich M,Kesler SE,Utsunomiya S,Palenik CS,Chryssoulis SL and Ewing RC.2005.Solubility of gold in arsenian pyrite.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,69(11):2781-2796
Roedder E.1984.Fluid inclusions.In:Ribbe HP(ed.).Reviews in Mineralogy.Washington DC:Mineralogical Society of America,12:1-644
Rui ZY,Goldfarb RJ,Qiu YM,Zhou TH,Chen RY,Pirajno F and Yun G.2002.Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic gold deposits of the Xinjiang Autonomous Region,northwestern China.Mineralium Deposita,37(3-4):393-418
Sibson RH,Robert F and Poulsen KH.1988.High-angle reverse faults,fluid-pressure cycling,and mesothermal gold-quartz deposits.Geology,16(6):551-555
Simon G,Kesler SE and Chryssoulis S.1999.Geochemistry and textures of gold-bearing arsenian pyrite,Twin Creeks,Nevada:Implications for deposition of gold in Carlin-type deposits.Economic Geology,94(3):405-421
Solomovich LI.2007.Postcollisional magmatism in the South Tien Shan Variscan Orogenic Belt,Kyrgyzstan:Evidence for high-temperature and high-pressure collision.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,30(1):142-153
Su W,Gao J,Klemd R,Li JL,Zhang X,Li XH,Chen NS and Zhang L.2010.U-Pb zircon geochronology of Tianshan eclogites in NWChina:Implication for the collision between the Yili and Tarim blocks of the southwestern Altaids.European Journal of Mineralogy,22(4):473-478
Wilde AR,Layer P,Mernagh T and Foster J.2001.The giant Muruntau gold deposit:Geologic,geochronologic,and fluid inclusion constraints on ore genesis.Economic Geology,96(3):633-644
Wilkinson JJ.2001.Fluid inclusions in hydrothermal ore deposits.Lithos,55(1-4):229-272
Xiao WJ,Windley BF,Allen MB and Han CM.2013.Paleozoic multiple accretionary and collisional tectonics of the Chinese Tianshan orogenic collage.Gondwana Research,23(4):1316-1341
Xu QD,Zhong ZQ,Suo ST and Qi XM.1995.Ore-forming fluids in mesothermal gold deposits of Tongbo-Dabie area:Their properties and precipitation mechanism.Mineral Deposits,14(1):59-72(in Chinese with English abstract)
Xue CJ,Zhao XB,Mo XX,Dong LH,Gu XX,Nurtaev B,Pak N,Zhang ZC,Wang XL,Zu B,Zhang GZ,Feng B and Liu JY.2014.Asian gold belt in western Tianshan and its dynamic setting,metallogenic control and exploration.Earth Science Frontiers,21(5):128-155(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang FQ,Mao JW,Wang YT,Li MW,Ye HS and Ye JH.2005.Geological characteristics and metallogenesis of Sawayaerdun gold deposit in Southwest Tianshan Mountains,Xinjiang.Mineral Deposits,24(3):206-227(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang FQ,Mao JW,Wang YT and Bierlein FP.2006.Geology and geochemistry of the Bulong quartz-barite vein-type gold deposit in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China.Ore Geology Reviews,29(1):52-76.
Yang FQ,Mao JW,Wang YT,Bierlein FP,Ye HS,Li MW,Zhao CSand Ye JH.2007.Geology and metallogenesis of the Sawayaerdun gold deposit in the Southwestern Tianshan Mountains,Xinjiang,China.Resource Geology,57(1):57-75
Yang FQ,Mao JW,Wang YT,Zhao CS,Zhang Y and Liu YL.2007.Major types,characteristics and metallogeneses of gold deposits in Southwest Tianshan Mountains,Xinjiang.Mineral Deposits,26(4):361-379(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang GZ,Xue CJ,Chi GX,Liu LY,Zhao XB,Zu B and Zhao Y.2017.Multiple-stage mineralization in the Sawayaerdun orogenic gold deposit,western Tianshan,Xinjiang:Constraints from paragenesis,EMPA analyses,Re-Os dating of pyrite(arsenopyrite)and U-Pb dating of zircon from the host rocks.Ore Geology Reviews,81:326-341
Zhang L,Chen HY,Chen YJ,Qin YJ,Liu CF,Zheng Y and Jansen NH.2012.Geology and fluid evolution of the Wangfeng orogenictype gold deposit,Western Tian Shan,China.Ore Geology Reviews,49:85-95
Zhao XB,Xue CJ,Chi GX,Wang HG and Qi TJ.2014.Epithermal Au and polymetallic mineralization in the Tulasu Basin,Western Tianshan,NW China:Potential for the discovery of porphyry Cu-Au deposits.Ore Geology Reviews,60:76-96
Zhao XB,Xue CJ,Chi GX,Pak N and Zu B.2015.Re-Os pyrite and U-Pb zircon geochronology from the Taldybulak Levoberezhny gold deposit:Insight for Cambrian metallogeny of the Kyrgyz northern Tien Shan.Ore Geology Reviews,67:78-89
Zhu HP and Wang LJ.2001.Analysis of fluid inclusion gases,using quadrupole mass spectrometry.Science in China(Series D),31(7):586-590(in Chinese)
Zoheir BA,El-Shazly AK,Helba H,Khalil KI and Bodnar RJ.2008.Origin and evolution of the Um Egat and Dungash orogenic gold deposits,Egyptian Eastern Desert:Evidence from fluid inclusions in quartz.Economic Geology,103(2):405-424
陈奎,田新文,杨桂荣,张玉坛.2007.阿沙哇义金矿地质特征及找矿标志.新疆地质,25(4):384-388
陈衍景.2006.造山型矿床、成矿模式及找矿潜力.中国地质,33(6):1181-1196
陈衍景,倪培,范宏瑞,Pirajno F,赖勇,苏文超,张辉.2007.不同类型热液金矿系统的流体包裹体特征.岩石学报,23(9):2085-2108
程南南,刘庆,侯泉林,卫巍,石梦岩,何苗,郭谦谦.2018.剪切带型金矿中金沉淀的力化学过程与成矿机理探讨.岩石学报,34(7):2165-2180
高俊,龙灵利,钱青,黄德志,苏文,Klemd R.2006.南天山:晚古生代还是三叠纪碰撞造山带?岩石学报,22(5):1049-1061
胡芳芳,范宏瑞,沈昆,翟明国,金成伟,陈绪松.2005.胶东乳山脉状金矿床成矿流体性质与演化.岩石学报,21(5):1329-1338
卢焕章.2008a.地幔岩中流体包裹体研究.岩石学报,24(9):1954-1960
卢焕章.2008b.CO2流体与金矿化:流体包裹体的证据.地球化学,37(4):321-328
毛景文,韩春明,王义天,杨建民,王志良.2002.中亚地区南天山大型金矿带的地质特征、成矿模型和勘查准则.地质通报,21(12):858-868
徐启东,钟增球,索书田,齐先茂.1995.桐柏-大别地区中温热液金矿床成矿流体性质与沉淀机理.矿床地质,14(1):59-72
薛春纪,赵晓波,莫宣学,董连慧,顾雪祥,Nurtaev B,Pak N,张招崇,王新利,俎波,张国震,冯博,刘家瑛.2014.西天山“亚洲金腰带”及其动力背景和成矿控制与找矿.地学前缘,21(5):128-155
杨富全,毛景文,王义天,李蒙文,叶会寿,叶锦华.2005.新疆西南天山萨瓦亚尔顿金矿床地质特征及成矿作用.矿床地质,24(3):206-227
杨富全,毛景文,王义天,赵财胜,张岩,刘亚玲.2007.新疆西南天山金矿床主要类型、特征及成矿作用.矿床地质,26(4):361-379
朱和平,王莉娟.2001.四极质谱测定流体包裹体中的气相成分.中国科学(D辑),31(7):586-590