NG2胶质细胞的起源、分布和异质性
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摘要
NG2胶质细胞是哺乳动物中枢神经系统中不同于星形胶质细胞、小胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞的一类新型胶质细胞。除分化为少突胶质细胞外,NG2胶质细胞还能分化成星形胶质细胞和神经细胞。NG2胶质细胞能对多种损伤和疾病作出反应,分化为少突胶质细胞,在脱髓鞘后髓鞘修复中起到重要作用。NG2胶质细胞具有异质性,阐明不同发育阶段和区域的差异有助于探寻NG2胶质细胞增殖和分化机制,为预防脱髓鞘和促进髓鞘再生奠定理论基础。本文主要概述NG2胶质细胞的结构、起源和分布,着重讨论NG2胶质细胞不同发育阶段和区域的异质性以及在髓鞘再生疾病中的地位。
In the mammalian central nervous system, NG2-glia represent a new glial cell population that is distinct from astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrocytes. Besides differentiate into oligodendrocytes, NG2-glia can also generate astrocytes and neural cells. NG2-glia can respond to a variety of injuries and diseases, differentiate into oligodendrocytes, and play an important role in myelin repair after demyelination. NG2-glia have heterogeneity, and the elucidation of differences in developmental stages and regions can help to explore the mechanism of proliferation and differentiation of NG2-glia, and lay a theoretical foundation for preventing demyelination and promoting regeneration of myelin sheath.. This article mainly summarizes the structure, origin and distribution of NG2-glia, and focuses on the heterogeneity of NG2-glia in different developmental stages and regions as well as their role in myelin regenerative disease.
In the mammalian central nervous system, NG2-glia represent a new glial cell population that is distinct from astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrocytes. Besides differentiate into oligodendrocytes, NG2-glia can also generate astrocytes and neural cells. NG2-glia can respond to a variety of injuries and diseases, differentiate into oligodendrocytes, and play an important role in myelin repair after demyelination. NG2-glia have heterogeneity, and the elucidation of differences in developmental stages and regions can help to explore the mechanism of proliferation and differentiation of NG2-glia, and lay a theoretical foundation for preventing demyelination and promoting regeneration of myelin sheath.. This article mainly summarizes the structure, origin and distribution of NG2-glia, and focuses on the heterogeneity of NG2-glia in different developmental stages and regions as well as their role in myelin regenerative disease.
引文
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[19]Mangin JM,Gallo V.The curious case of NG2 cells:transient trend or game changer?[J].ASN Neuro,2011,3(1):e00052
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[22]Young KM,Psachoulia K,Tripathi RB,et al.Oligodendrocyte dynamics in the healthy adult CNS:evidence for myelin remodeling[J].Neuron,2013,77(5):873-885
[23]Simon C,Gotz M,Dimou L.Progenitors in the adult cerebral cortex:cell cycle properties and regulation by physiological stimuli and injury[J].Glia,2011,59(6):869-881
[24]Vigano F,Dimou L.The heterogeneous nature of NG2-glia[J].Brain Res,2016,1638(Pt B):129-137
[25]Kang SH,Fukaya M,Yang JK,et al.NG2+CNS glial progenitors remain committed to the oligodendrocyte lineage in postnatal life and following neurodegeneration[J].Neuron,2010,68(4):668-681
[26]Yuen TJ,Silbereis JC,Griveau A,et al.Oligodendrocyte-encoded HIF function couples postnatal myelination and white matter angiogenesis[J].Cell,2014,158(2):383-396
[27]Franklin RJ,Gallo V.The translational biology of remyelination:past,present,and future[J].Glia,2014,62(11):1905-1915
[28]Dimou L,Gallo V.NG2-glia and their functions in the central nervous system[J].Glia,2015,63(8):1429-1451
[29]Clarke LE,Young KM,Hamilton NB,et al.Properties and fate of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in the corpus callosum,motor cortex,and piriform cortex of the mouse[J].J Neurosci,2012,32(24):8173-8185
[30]Hughes EG,Kang SH,Fukaya M,et al.Oligodendrocyte progenitors balance growth with self-repulsion to achieve homeostasis in the adult brain[J].Nat Neurosci,2013,16(6):668-676
[31]Vigano F,Mobius W,Gotz M,et al.Transplantation reveals regional differences in oligodendrocyte differentiation in the adult brain[J].Nat Neurosci,2013,16(10):1370-1372
[2]Wang A,He BP.Characteristics and functions of NG2 cells in normal brain and neuropathology[J].Neurol Res,2009,31(2):144-150
[3]Sun W,Matthews EA,Nicolas V,et al.NG2 glial cells integrate synaptic input in global and dendritic calcium signals[J].Elife,2016,5
[4]Ilieva KM,Cheung A,Mele S,et al.Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan4 and Its Potential As an Antibody Immunotherapy Target across Different Tumor Types[J].Front Immunol,2017,8:1911
[5]Ampofo E,Schmitt BM,Menger MD,et al.The regulatory mechanisms of NG2/CSPG4 expression[J].Cell Mol Biol Lett,2017,22:4
[6]Stallcup WB,Dahlin-Huppe K.Chondroitin sulfate and cytoplasmic domain-dependent membrane targeting of the NG2 proteoglycan promotes retraction fiber formation and cell polarization[J].J Cell Sci,2001,114(Pt 12):2315-2325
[7]Rolih V,Barutello G,Iussich S,et al.CSPG4:a prototype oncoantigen for translational immunotherapy studies[J].J Transl Med,2017,15(1):151
[8]Nishiyama A,Komitova M,Suzuki R,et al.Polydendrocytes(NG2cells):multifunctional cells with lineage plasticity[J].Nat Rev Neurosci,2009,10(1):9-22
[9]Kessaris N,Fogarty M,Iannarelli P,et al.Competing waves of oligodendrocytes in the forebrain and postnatal elimination of an embryonic lineage[J].Nat Neurosci,2006,9(2):173-179
[10]Menn B,Garcia-Verdugo JM,Yaschine C,et al.Origin of oligodendrocytes in the subventricular zone of the adult brain[J].JNeurosci,2006,26(30):7907-7918
[11]Ortega F,Gascon S,Masserdotti G,et al.Oligodendrogliogenic and neurogenic adult subependymal zone neural stem cells constitute distinct lineages and exhibit differential responsiveness to Wnt signalling[J].Nat Cell Biol,2013,15(6):602-613
[12]Passlick S,Grauer M,Schafer C,et al.Expression of the gamma2-subunit distinguishes synaptic and extrasynaptic GABA(A)receptors in NG2 cells of the hippocampus[J].J Neurosci,2013,33(29):12030-12040
[13]Filous AR,Tran A,Howell CJ,et al.Entrapment via synaptic-like connections between NG2 proteoglycan+cells and dystrophic axons in the lesion plays a role in regeneration failure after spinal cord injury[J].J Neurosci,2014,34(49):16369-16384
[14]Scafidi J,Hammond TR,Scafidi S,et al.Intranasal epidermal growth factor treatment rescues neonatal brain injury[J].Nature,2014,506(7487):230-234
[15]Valny M,Honsa P,Kriska J,et al.Multipotency and therapeutic potential of NG2 cells[J].Biochem Pharmacol,2017,141:42-55
[16]Tomassy GS,Fossati V.How big is the myelinating orchestra?Cellular diversity within the oligodendrocyte lineage:facts and hypotheses[J].Front Cell Neurosci,2014,8:201
[17]Bayraktar OA,Fuentealba LC,Alvarez-Buylla A,et al.Astrocyte development and heterogeneity[J].Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol,2014,7(1):a020362
[18]Dimou L,Gotz M.Glial cells as progenitors and stem cells:new roles in the healthy and diseased brain[J].Physiol Rev,2014,94(3):709-737
[19]Mangin JM,Gallo V.The curious case of NG2 cells:transient trend or game changer?[J].ASN Neuro,2011,3(1):e00052
[20]Guo Z,Zhang L,Wu Z,et al.In vivo direct reprogramming of reactive glial cells into functional neurons after brain injury and in an Alzheimer's disease model[J].Cell Stem Cell,2014,14(2):188-202
[21]Heinrich C,Bergami M,Gascon S,et al.Sox2-mediated conversion of NG2 glia into induced neurons in the injured adult cerebral cortex[J].Stem Cell Reports,2014,3(6):1000-1014
[22]Young KM,Psachoulia K,Tripathi RB,et al.Oligodendrocyte dynamics in the healthy adult CNS:evidence for myelin remodeling[J].Neuron,2013,77(5):873-885
[23]Simon C,Gotz M,Dimou L.Progenitors in the adult cerebral cortex:cell cycle properties and regulation by physiological stimuli and injury[J].Glia,2011,59(6):869-881
[24]Vigano F,Dimou L.The heterogeneous nature of NG2-glia[J].Brain Res,2016,1638(Pt B):129-137
[25]Kang SH,Fukaya M,Yang JK,et al.NG2+CNS glial progenitors remain committed to the oligodendrocyte lineage in postnatal life and following neurodegeneration[J].Neuron,2010,68(4):668-681
[26]Yuen TJ,Silbereis JC,Griveau A,et al.Oligodendrocyte-encoded HIF function couples postnatal myelination and white matter angiogenesis[J].Cell,2014,158(2):383-396
[27]Franklin RJ,Gallo V.The translational biology of remyelination:past,present,and future[J].Glia,2014,62(11):1905-1915
[28]Dimou L,Gallo V.NG2-glia and their functions in the central nervous system[J].Glia,2015,63(8):1429-1451
[29]Clarke LE,Young KM,Hamilton NB,et al.Properties and fate of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in the corpus callosum,motor cortex,and piriform cortex of the mouse[J].J Neurosci,2012,32(24):8173-8185
[30]Hughes EG,Kang SH,Fukaya M,et al.Oligodendrocyte progenitors balance growth with self-repulsion to achieve homeostasis in the adult brain[J].Nat Neurosci,2013,16(6):668-676
[31]Vigano F,Mobius W,Gotz M,et al.Transplantation reveals regional differences in oligodendrocyte differentiation in the adult brain[J].Nat Neurosci,2013,16(10):1370-1372