日粮中添加草浆对海兰褐蛋鸡屠体性能及肉蛋品质的影响
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摘要
为了探究在日粮中添加不同比例的白三叶和鸭茅混播牧草草浆对海兰褐蛋鸡的生长性能、屠体性能以及肉蛋品质的影响,选用16周龄的健康海兰褐蛋鸡240只,采用单因子试验并完全随机设计,将其分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复20只鸡,分别在日粮中添加0(对照)、5%、8%、10%的白三叶和鸭茅混播牧草草浆草浆(折合成干物质)。试验期为90 d,测定海兰褐蛋鸡的屠体性能、胸肌和腿肌的营养成分及蛋品质。结果表明,与对照组相比,5%、8%、10%草浆组海兰褐蛋鸡的平均日增体质量分别增加5.44%、8.68%、9.71%(P>0.05)。8%草浆组海兰褐蛋鸡的活体质量、屠体质量和胸肌质量最高,腹脂率与对照组相比降低46.02%(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,5%、8%、10%草浆组海兰褐蛋鸡的胸肌总氨基酸含量分别增加3.09%、4.56%、3.83%(P<0.05),胸肌鲜味氨基酸含量分别增加4.21%、7.01%、3.92%(P<0.05),腿肌总氨基酸含量分别增加2.05%、10.58%、3.91%(P<0.05),腿肌必需氨基酸含量分别增加12.77%、14.85%、23.66%(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,日粮添加不同水平的草浆还提高了海兰褐蛋鸡的蛋质量、蛋黄质量、蛋壳质量、蛋黄粗蛋白含量,降低了蛋壳强度、蛋黄胆固醇、蛋黄粗脂肪含量,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。其中,8%草浆组海兰褐蛋鸡产蛋的蛋黄颜色、蛋黄卵磷脂含量、蛋清粗蛋白含量较对照组分别提高了18.10%、14.28%、10.83%(P<0.05)。因此,在日粮中添加适量白三叶和鸭茅混播牧草草浆能在一定程度上改善海兰褐蛋鸡的生长性能、屠体性能及肉蛋品质,相对最适添加比例为8%。
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of mixed strow pulp feed of white clover and orchard grass on growth performance,carcass traits,meat and egg quality of Hy-Line Brown laying hens.A total of 240 healthy 16 weeks Hy-Line Brown laying hens were selected and randomly assigned into four dietary treatments,with three replicates per treatment and 20 chickens in each replicate.0(control),5%,8%,10%(on dry matter base) white clover and orchard grass mixed grass pulp were included in the diet.The experimental period was 90 d,carcass traits,breast and thigh muscle nutrient compositions and egg quality of chickens were determined.The results showed that average daily gain of chickens fed 5%,8%,10% grass pulp increased by 5.44%,8.68% and 9.71%(P>0.05) as compared to the control.Chickens fed 8% grass pulp had the largest live body weight,dressed weight and breast muscle weight.Abdominal fat yield of chickens fed 8% grass pulp decreased by 46.02%(P<0.05) compared to the control.Breast muscle total amino acids content increased by 3.09%,4.56% and 3.83%(P<0.05);breast muscle delicious amino acids content increased by 4.21%,7.01% and 3.92%(P<0.05);thigh muscle total amino acids content increased by 2.05%,10.58% and 3.91%(P<0.05), and thigh muscle essential amino acids content increased by 12.77%,14.85% and 23.66%(P<0.05) respectively in chickens receiving 5%,8%,10% grass pulp diet than those given no grass pulp.Compared to the control,egg weight,yolk weight,eggshell weight and yolk protein content of chickens fed grass pulp increased(P>0.05),while eggshell strength, yolk cholesterol and yolk fat content of chickens fed grass pulp decreased(P>0.05).Yolk color,yolk lecithin and yolk protein content of chickens receiving 8% grass pulp diet increased by 18.10%,14.28% and 10.83%(P<0.05) than those given no grass pulp.Therefore,dietary supplementation of a moderate amount of white clover and orchard grass mixed grass pulp can improve the growth performance,carcass traits, meat and egg quality of Hy-Line Brown laying hens,and 8% was the relatively optimal level.
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of mixed strow pulp feed of white clover and orchard grass on growth performance,carcass traits,meat and egg quality of Hy-Line Brown laying hens.A total of 240 healthy 16 weeks Hy-Line Brown laying hens were selected and randomly assigned into four dietary treatments,with three replicates per treatment and 20 chickens in each replicate.0(control),5%,8%,10%(on dry matter base) white clover and orchard grass mixed grass pulp were included in the diet.The experimental period was 90 d,carcass traits,breast and thigh muscle nutrient compositions and egg quality of chickens were determined.The results showed that average daily gain of chickens fed 5%,8%,10% grass pulp increased by 5.44%,8.68% and 9.71%(P>0.05) as compared to the control.Chickens fed 8% grass pulp had the largest live body weight,dressed weight and breast muscle weight.Abdominal fat yield of chickens fed 8% grass pulp decreased by 46.02%(P<0.05) compared to the control.Breast muscle total amino acids content increased by 3.09%,4.56% and 3.83%(P<0.05);breast muscle delicious amino acids content increased by 4.21%,7.01% and 3.92%(P<0.05);thigh muscle total amino acids content increased by 2.05%,10.58% and 3.91%(P<0.05), and thigh muscle essential amino acids content increased by 12.77%,14.85% and 23.66%(P<0.05) respectively in chickens receiving 5%,8%,10% grass pulp diet than those given no grass pulp.Compared to the control,egg weight,yolk weight,eggshell weight and yolk protein content of chickens fed grass pulp increased(P>0.05),while eggshell strength, yolk cholesterol and yolk fat content of chickens fed grass pulp decreased(P>0.05).Yolk color,yolk lecithin and yolk protein content of chickens receiving 8% grass pulp diet increased by 18.10%,14.28% and 10.83%(P<0.05) than those given no grass pulp.Therefore,dietary supplementation of a moderate amount of white clover and orchard grass mixed grass pulp can improve the growth performance,carcass traits, meat and egg quality of Hy-Line Brown laying hens,and 8% was the relatively optimal level.
引文
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[15] 董志强.人工草地放养系统对略阳乌鸡生长性能和肠道微生物区系的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.
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[19] 尉小霞.鸭茅优势种草地营养物质动态及绵羊体外消化率的研究[D].石河子:石河子大学,2018.
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[21] 谢振宇.不同三叶草品种喂鹅的氨基酸真消化率[J].现代畜牧兽医,2008(9):20-21.
[22] 吕莉,李源,井美娇,等.降低鸡蛋中胆固醇含量的营养途径研究进展[J].家畜生态学报,2017,38(7):5-8.
[2] 孟林,毛培春,田小霞.板栗园行间种草放养北京油鸡的肉品质和效益评价[J].中国草地学报,2012,34(6):95-100.
[3] 毛培春,孟林,郭强,等.林间草地放养对北京油鸡屠宰性能及肉、蛋品质的影响[J].河南农业科学,2015,44(1):130-134.
[4] 毛培春,孟林,田小霞,等.林间草地放养“农大5号”鸡的屠体性能和肉品质评价[J].中国家禽,2015,37(5):53-55.
[5] MENG L,MAO P,GUO Q,et al.Evaluation of meat and egg traits of Beijing-you chickens rotationally grazing on chicory pasture in a chestnut forest[J].Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science,2016,18:1-6.
[6] CARRASCO S,WUSTHOLZ J,BELLOF G.The effect of chopped,extruded and pelleted alfalfa silage on the egg quality of organic laying hens[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2016,219:94-101.
[7] LAUDADIO V,CECI E,LASTELLA N,et al.Low-fiber alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.) meal in the laying hen diet:Effects on productive traits and egg quality[J].Poultry Science,2014,93(7):1868-1874.
[8] 张家宏,韩光明,马谈斌,等.日粮中菊苣添加比例对鹅屠宰性能和肉品质的影响研究[J].江西农业学报,2013,25(2):61-67.
[9] 柳茜,孙启忠,刘晓波,等.白三叶与全株玉米混合青贮的效果研究[J].四川畜牧兽医,2017,44(1):20-22.
[10] 唐露,张新全,黄琳凯,等.鸭茅的分子育种[J].草业科学,2018,35(9):2230-2240.
[11] 孟林,俞立恒,毛培春,等.苹果园间种鸭茅和白三叶对园区小环境的影响[J].草业科学,2009,26(8):132-136.
[12] JUNG S,BAE Y,KIM H,et al.Carnosine,anserine,creatine,and inosine 5′-monophosphate contents in breast and thigh meats from 5 lines of Korean native chicken[J].Poultry Science,2013,92(12):3275-3282.
[13] YAN J S,LIU P F,XU L M,et al.Effects of exogenous inosine monophosphate on growth performance,flavor compounds,enzyme activity,and gene expression of muscle tissues in chicken[J].Poultry Science,2018,97(4):1229-1237.
[14] LIU K,XIN H W,SEKHON J,et al.Effect of fluorescent vs.poultry-specific light-emitting diode lights on production performance and egg quality of W-36 laying hens[J].Poultry Science,2018,97(3):834-844.
[15] 董志强.人工草地放养系统对略阳乌鸡生长性能和肠道微生物区系的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.
[16] 冯德庆,黄秀声,陈忠佃,等.山地红壤冬季牧草引种与鸡脚草喂鹅试验研究[J].家畜生态,2004,25(4):71-74.
[17] 谭剑蓉.日粮中不同比例的白三叶草粉对肉兔生产性能和消化生理的影响[D].成都:四川农业大学,2013.
[18] JIANG J F,SONG X M,HUANG X,et al.Effects of alfalfa meal on carcase quality and fat metabolism of Muscovy ducks[J].British Poultry Science,2012,53(5):681-688.
[19] 尉小霞.鸭茅优势种草地营养物质动态及绵羊体外消化率的研究[D].石河子:石河子大学,2018.
[20] DONG X F,GAO W W,TONG J M,et al.Effect of polysavone(alfalfa extract) on abdominal fat deposition and immunity in broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2007,86(9):1955-1959.
[21] 谢振宇.不同三叶草品种喂鹅的氨基酸真消化率[J].现代畜牧兽医,2008(9):20-21.
[22] 吕莉,李源,井美娇,等.降低鸡蛋中胆固醇含量的营养途径研究进展[J].家畜生态学报,2017,38(7):5-8.