基于测风塔数据的最大风速与极大风速关系研究
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摘要
利用辽宁省风能资源专业观测网2009年6月至2010年5月26座测风塔10—70 m(部分塔为100 m)高度的逐10 min梯度风观测数据,采用线性相关分析的方法,研究了近地层最大风速和极大风速的关系。结果表明:年内最大风速与极大风速多数出现在同一大风天气过程中,但极大风速并非主要发生在出现最大风速的20 min内;最大风速和极大风速易出现在午后和傍晚;极大风速与最大风速普遍具有较好的线性相关关系,日时距、10 min时距和大风条件下,日时距的相关性最好,平均相关系数达到0.970;不同时距和大风条件下,极大风速与最大风速的比值系数相差不大,但从相关性看可以考虑优先使用日时距样本的最大风速推算极大风速;随着高度的增加,极大风速与最大风速的比值系数减小,10 m高度日极大风速是日最大风速的1.42倍左右,70 m高度则是1.24倍左右,利用最大风速推算不同高度极大风速时不宜采用统一的比值系数。
The relationship between maximum wind speed and extreme wind speed near surface were analyzed using 10—70 m(some of them were 100 m) 10 min gradient wind observation data of 26 wind towers from June 2009 to May 2010, by linear correlation analysis method. The results are as follows. The maximum and extreme wind speed often occurs in the same strong wind process, although they do not always happen within the 20 min of maximum speed. They tend to appear in the afternoon and toward evening. The extreme wind speed is better and common linearly related to the maximum wind speed. The mean linear correlation coefficient between daily extreme wind speed and maximum wind speed is the best relative to that of 10 min interval samples series and under strong wind condition, which is 0.970. The ratio coefficient of extreme wind speed and maximum wind speed are of little differences under different interval samples series and strong wind condition, so the daily maximum wind speed data could be used to estimate extreme wind speed. The ratio coefficient of extreme wind speed and maximum wind speed decreases with the increase of height. The ratio coefficient is about 1.42 at 10 m, and about 1.24 at 70 m. Using a single ratio coefficient for different height is not appropriate, when we estimate extreme wind speed by maximum wind speed.
The relationship between maximum wind speed and extreme wind speed near surface were analyzed using 10—70 m(some of them were 100 m) 10 min gradient wind observation data of 26 wind towers from June 2009 to May 2010, by linear correlation analysis method. The results are as follows. The maximum and extreme wind speed often occurs in the same strong wind process, although they do not always happen within the 20 min of maximum speed. They tend to appear in the afternoon and toward evening. The extreme wind speed is better and common linearly related to the maximum wind speed. The mean linear correlation coefficient between daily extreme wind speed and maximum wind speed is the best relative to that of 10 min interval samples series and under strong wind condition, which is 0.970. The ratio coefficient of extreme wind speed and maximum wind speed are of little differences under different interval samples series and strong wind condition, so the daily maximum wind speed data could be used to estimate extreme wind speed. The ratio coefficient of extreme wind speed and maximum wind speed decreases with the increase of height. The ratio coefficient is about 1.42 at 10 m, and about 1.24 at 70 m. Using a single ratio coefficient for different height is not appropriate, when we estimate extreme wind speed by maximum wind speed.
引文
[1]中国建筑科学研究院.GB 50009-2012建筑结构荷载规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2012.
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[19]王钦,曾波.广汉机场春季地面风的变化特征及其对飞行训练的影响[J].高原山地气象研究,2017,37(2):36-39,71.
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[22]姚琳,温新龙,沈竞.江西山地风电场风速数值模拟方法研究[J].气象与环境科学,2018,41(3):120-125.
[23]徐静馨,郑有飞,吴荣军,等.里下河地区下垫面变化对降水、气温、风速的影响[J].气象与环境科学,2016,39(4):14-22.
[24]陈刚,李克非,杨洪斌,等.基于CFD模型风能资源模拟应用进展[J].气象与环境学报,2016,32(5):160-164.
[25]李正泉,宋丽莉,马浩,等.海上风能资源观测与评估研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2016,31(8):800-810.
[26]张秀芝,陈乾金.用短期大风资料推算极值风速的一种方法[J].应用气象学报,1993(1):105-111.
[27]朱智慧,黄宁立,秦婷.上海沿海极大风速预报方程的建立和应用[J].海洋预报,2014,31(1):58-62.
[28]苏志,张瑞波,周绍毅,等.北部湾沿海基本风压和阵风风压分析[J].热带地理,2010,30(2):141-144.
[29]黄韬颖,杨庆山.中美澳风荷载规范重要参数的比较[J].工程建设与设计,2007(1):23-27.
[30]李雁,梁海河,王曙东,等.基于中国风能资源专业观测网的近地层风切变日变化特征[J].自然资源学报,2012,27(8):1362-1372.
[31]龚强,汪宏宇,朱玲,等.辽宁省近地层风切变特征研究[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(9):1560-1569.
[32]黄嘉佑.气相统计分析与预报方法[M].北京:气象出版社,2000:24-25.
[2]张相庭.工程抗风设计计算手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998.
[3]郑崇伟,潘静.全球海域风能资源评估及等级区划[J].自然资源学报,2012,27(3):364-371.
[4]呼津华,王相明.风电场不同高度的50年一遇最大和极大风速估算[J].应用气象学报,2009,20(1):108-113.
[5]史军,徐家良,谈建国,等.上海地区不同重现期的风速估算研究[J].地理科学,2015,35(9):1191-1197.
[6]宋丽莉,毛慧琴,汤海燕,等.广东沿海近地层大风特性的观测分析[J].热带气象学报,2004,20(6):731-736.
[7]王志春,植石群,丁凌云.强台风纳沙(1117)近地层风特性观测分析[J].应用气象学报,2013,24(5):595-605.
[8]许向春,辛吉武,邢旭煌,等.琼州海峡南岸近地面层大风观测分析[J].热带气象学报,2013,29(3):481-488.
[9]周福,蒋璐璐,涂小萍,等.浙江省几种灾害性大风近地面阵风系数特征[J].应用气象学报,2017,28(1):119-128.
[10]Miller P W,Black A W,Williams C A,et al.Maximum wind gusts associated with human-reported nonconvective wind events and a comparision to current warning issuance criteria[J].Wea Forecasting,2016,31(2):451-465.
[11]尹尽勇,刘涛,张增海,等.冬季黄渤海大风天气与渔船风损统计分析[J].气象,2009,35(6):90-95.
[12]马淑红,马媪娟,程先东,等.我国高速铁路沿线强风区间的确定方法及风险评估[J].铁道工程学报,2011,28(3):37-45.
[13]郑永光,田付友,孟智勇,等.东方之星客轮翻沉事件周边区域风灾现场调査与多尺度特征分析[J].气象,2016,42(1):1-13.
[14]崔新强,郭雪梅.1950-2015年我国铁路气象及其衍生灾害特征分析[J].气象与环境科学,2018,41(2):98-104.
[15]赵建伟,毕波.大理机场一次晴空大风天气诊断分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2017,11(4):32-38.
[16]张煜婷,王霄,雷建,等.白鹤滩水电站冬春季两次极端强风天气的对比分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2017,11(4):39-47.
[17]宁贵财,康彩燕,陈东辉,等.2005-2014年我国不利天气条件下交通事故特征分析[J].干旱气象,2016,34(5):753-762.
[18]王传辉,周建平,周顺武,等.近32 a安徽省风速、风向分布特征[J].干旱气象,2015,33(2):236-243.
[19]王钦,曾波.广汉机场春季地面风的变化特征及其对飞行训练的影响[J].高原山地气象研究,2017,37(2):36-39,71.
[20]代冰冰,王杰,孙亚林.丽江机场地面风场特征及气象保障分析[J].高原山地气象研究,2016,36(1):86-90.
[21]何晓凤,周荣卫,朱蓉.风能资源数值模拟评估的分型方法研究[J].气象学报,2015,73(5):975-984.
[22]姚琳,温新龙,沈竞.江西山地风电场风速数值模拟方法研究[J].气象与环境科学,2018,41(3):120-125.
[23]徐静馨,郑有飞,吴荣军,等.里下河地区下垫面变化对降水、气温、风速的影响[J].气象与环境科学,2016,39(4):14-22.
[24]陈刚,李克非,杨洪斌,等.基于CFD模型风能资源模拟应用进展[J].气象与环境学报,2016,32(5):160-164.
[25]李正泉,宋丽莉,马浩,等.海上风能资源观测与评估研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2016,31(8):800-810.
[26]张秀芝,陈乾金.用短期大风资料推算极值风速的一种方法[J].应用气象学报,1993(1):105-111.
[27]朱智慧,黄宁立,秦婷.上海沿海极大风速预报方程的建立和应用[J].海洋预报,2014,31(1):58-62.
[28]苏志,张瑞波,周绍毅,等.北部湾沿海基本风压和阵风风压分析[J].热带地理,2010,30(2):141-144.
[29]黄韬颖,杨庆山.中美澳风荷载规范重要参数的比较[J].工程建设与设计,2007(1):23-27.
[30]李雁,梁海河,王曙东,等.基于中国风能资源专业观测网的近地层风切变日变化特征[J].自然资源学报,2012,27(8):1362-1372.
[31]龚强,汪宏宇,朱玲,等.辽宁省近地层风切变特征研究[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(9):1560-1569.
[32]黄嘉佑.气相统计分析与预报方法[M].北京:气象出版社,2000:24-25.