考虑电传动矿用自卸车平顺性的油气弹簧结构参数设计
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摘要
油气悬架的刚度和阻尼特性是影响矿用车平顺性的主要因素。采用参数化建模方法建立油气弹簧的理论数学模型,得到油气悬架非线性刚度和阻尼特性,并建立有限元模型验证数学模型的准确性。在此基础上,分析整车平顺性,发现平顺性较差。因此,对油气悬架的刚度和阻尼进行匹配,满载下的匹配效果很好,但是空载下的匹配效果欠佳,所以对空载下前后悬架的刚度和阻尼同时进行优化。最后,以匹配优化后的刚度和阻尼为目标函数,优化设计油气悬架充气量和结构参数。优化后,满载下座椅总加权加速度均方根值最大降幅达50%,空载下最大降幅达39%;空载和满载下悬架撞击限位的概率和离地概率均有不同程度的下降。结果表明,设计的油气弹簧结构参数有效提高了矿用自卸车的平顺性和行驶安全性。
The stiffness and damping characteristics of the hydro-pneumatic suspension are the main factors affecting the riding comfort of the mining dump truck. Firstly,the parametric modeling method is used to establish the theoretical mathematical model of the hydro-pneumatic suspension,and the nonlinear stiffness and damping characteristics of the hydro-pneumatic suspension are obtained. The finite element model is established to verify the accuracy of mathematical model. On this basis,the vehicle ride comfort is analyzed and it is found that the ride is poor. In this regard,the stiffness and damping of the hydro-pneumatic suspension are matched. The matching effect under full load is very good,but under no-load is not good,so the stiffness and damping of the front and rear suspensions under no-load are optimized. Finally,the matched stiffness and damping are used as the objective function to optimize the design of the hydro-pneumatic suspension and the structural parameters. After optimization,the root mean square of the seat acceleration of full load is reduced by 50%,and the empty-load is reduced by 39%; the probability of suspension impact limit and the probability of leaving the ground under no-load and full load have different degrees of decline. The results show that the designed structural parameters of the hydro-pneumatic suspension effectively improve the ride comfort and driving safety of the mining dump truck.
The stiffness and damping characteristics of the hydro-pneumatic suspension are the main factors affecting the riding comfort of the mining dump truck. Firstly,the parametric modeling method is used to establish the theoretical mathematical model of the hydro-pneumatic suspension,and the nonlinear stiffness and damping characteristics of the hydro-pneumatic suspension are obtained. The finite element model is established to verify the accuracy of mathematical model. On this basis,the vehicle ride comfort is analyzed and it is found that the ride is poor. In this regard,the stiffness and damping of the hydro-pneumatic suspension are matched. The matching effect under full load is very good,but under no-load is not good,so the stiffness and damping of the front and rear suspensions under no-load are optimized. Finally,the matched stiffness and damping are used as the objective function to optimize the design of the hydro-pneumatic suspension and the structural parameters. After optimization,the root mean square of the seat acceleration of full load is reduced by 50%,and the empty-load is reduced by 39%; the probability of suspension impact limit and the probability of leaving the ground under no-load and full load have different degrees of decline. The results show that the designed structural parameters of the hydro-pneumatic suspension effectively improve the ride comfort and driving safety of the mining dump truck.
引文
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[13]江洪，李仲兴，周文涛，等．基于遗传算法的ECAS系统中三级阻尼匹配优化设计[J]．机械工程学报，2009(10):278-283.
[14] REN H,CHEN S,ZHAO Y,et al. State observerbased sliding mode control for semi-active hydropneumatic suspension[J]. Vehicle System Dynamics,2016,54(2):168-190.
[15]蔡祥文，谷正气，李伟平，等．基于平顺性的油气悬架参数动态分析与优化[J]．现代制造工程，2011(6):53-57.
[16] CHEN Q,DAI G,LIU H. Volume of fluid model for turbulence numerical simulation of stepped spillway overflow[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2002,128(7):683-688.
[17]余志生．汽车理论．5版[M]．北京:机械工业出版社，2009.
[18] DIXON J．减震器手册[M]．北京:机械工业出版社，2011.
[2] SURACE C,WORDEN K,TOMLINSON G R. On the non-linear characteristics of automotive shock absorbers[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part D:Journal of Automobile Engineering,1992,206(1):1-16.
[3] BAUER W. Hydropneumatic suspension system[M]. Springer Berlin Heidelberg,2011.
[4]赵敬凯，谷正气，张沙，等．矿用自卸车油气悬架力学特性研究与优化[J]．机械工程学报，2015(10):112-118.
[5]董志军，谷正气，张沙，等．基于Fluent的矿用自卸车平顺性分析与优化[J]．振动与冲击，2014,33(15):206-211.
[6]张沙，谷正气，赵敬凯，等．基于VOF模型与动网格技术的油气悬架气液两相流数值模拟[J]．中国机械工程，2016(15):2091-2099.
[7]李杰，高雄，王文竹，等．基于刚弹合成模型的重型汽车平顺性灵敏度分析[J]．振动与冲击，2018(13):85-91.
[8]徐道临，张林，周加喜．重型矿用自卸车油气悬架参数优化[J]．振动与冲击，2012(24):98-101.
[9] YIN Y,RAKHEJA S,BOILEAU P. Multi-performance analyses and design optimisation of hydro-pneumatic suspension system for an articulated frame-steered vehicle[J]. Vehicle System Dynamics, 2019,57(1):108-133.
[10]宋崇智，邵德奇，赵又群．基于神经网络的悬架试验系统研究[J]．仪器仪表学报，2016(6):1325-1332.
[11] ALKHATIB R,NAKHAIE JAZAR G,GOLNARAGHI M F. Optimal design of passive linear suspension using genetic algorithm[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,2004,275(5):665-691.
[12]覃霍，左曙光，韩乐．电动小车开发中前后悬架刚度匹配的计算[J]．机械科学与技术，2009(12):1625-1629.
[13]江洪，李仲兴，周文涛，等．基于遗传算法的ECAS系统中三级阻尼匹配优化设计[J]．机械工程学报，2009(10):278-283.
[14] REN H,CHEN S,ZHAO Y,et al. State observerbased sliding mode control for semi-active hydropneumatic suspension[J]. Vehicle System Dynamics,2016,54(2):168-190.
[15]蔡祥文，谷正气，李伟平，等．基于平顺性的油气悬架参数动态分析与优化[J]．现代制造工程，2011(6):53-57.
[16] CHEN Q,DAI G,LIU H. Volume of fluid model for turbulence numerical simulation of stepped spillway overflow[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2002,128(7):683-688.
[17]余志生．汽车理论．5版[M]．北京:机械工业出版社，2009.
[18] DIXON J．减震器手册[M]．北京:机械工业出版社，2011.