低渗含水气藏非线性数值试井解释模型及压力特征分析
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摘要
为研究流体非线性渗流对疏松低渗气藏试井压力动态特征的影响,建立启动压力梯度及应力敏感效应影响下的气水两相数值试井模型,采用有限差分及IMPES方法进行求解,绘制压力及其导数双对数图版,并进行影响参数的敏感性分析。研究表明,启动压力梯度、应力敏感效应均会增加流体的渗流阻力,导致不同边界类型试井解释中压力及压力导数曲线上翘,径向流水平段消失;气水比、表皮系数对压力导数径向流段影响较小,对压力曲线的开口大小影响较大;井筒储集系数较大时会掩盖掉部分径向流特征段,但不会影响后续的径向流及边界效应阶段。该方法对存在启动压力及应力敏感效应的低渗含水气藏压力恢复试井解释具有指导意义。
A gas-water two-phase numerical well test model under the influence of starting pressure gradient and stress sensitivity effect was established to study the influence of nonlinear seepage flow on the pressure dynamic characteristics in well testing of loose and low permeability gas reservoirs.Then, the model wassolved by finite difference and IMPES method. The pressure and pressure derivative plates were drawnand the sensitivity analysiss of the influencing parameters were conducted. The research results show that the starting pressure gradient and stress-sensitive effect increase the seepage resistance of the fluid, which leads to the buildup of the pressure and pressure derivative curves in the well test interpretation of different boundary types, and the disappearance of horizontal section of the radial flow. The gas-water ratio and the skin factor has little effect on the pressure derivative radio flow section, but has a great influence on the opening of the pressure curve. When the wellbore storage coefficient is large, part of radial flow section will be masked, but the subsequent radial flow and boundary effect section are not affected. The proposed method can guide the pressure buildup test interpretation of low permeability water-bearing gas reservoirs with starting pressure and stress sensitivity effects.
A gas-water two-phase numerical well test model under the influence of starting pressure gradient and stress sensitivity effect was established to study the influence of nonlinear seepage flow on the pressure dynamic characteristics in well testing of loose and low permeability gas reservoirs.Then, the model wassolved by finite difference and IMPES method. The pressure and pressure derivative plates were drawnand the sensitivity analysiss of the influencing parameters were conducted. The research results show that the starting pressure gradient and stress-sensitive effect increase the seepage resistance of the fluid, which leads to the buildup of the pressure and pressure derivative curves in the well test interpretation of different boundary types, and the disappearance of horizontal section of the radial flow. The gas-water ratio and the skin factor has little effect on the pressure derivative radio flow section, but has a great influence on the opening of the pressure curve. When the wellbore storage coefficient is large, part of radial flow section will be masked, but the subsequent radial flow and boundary effect section are not affected. The proposed method can guide the pressure buildup test interpretation of low permeability water-bearing gas reservoirs with starting pressure and stress sensitivity effects.
引文
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[2] 朱华银,徐轩,安来志,等.致密气藏孔隙水赋存状态与流动性实验[J].石油学报,2016,37(2):230-236.ZHU Huayin,XU Xuan,AN Laizhi,et al.An experi-mental on occurrence and mobility of pore water in tight gas reservoirs [J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(2):230-236.
[3] 杨满平,李允,李治平.气藏含束缚水储层岩石应力敏感性实验研究[J].天然气地球科学,2004,15(3):227-229.YANG Manping,LI Yun,LI Zhiping.An experimental study on stress sensitivity of gas reservoir rock with irreducible water [J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2004,15(3):227-229.
[4] 张新红,秦积舜.低渗岩心物性参数与应力关系的试验研究[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2001,25(4):56-60.ZHANG Xinhong,QIN Jishun.Relation of ground stress with the properties of low permeable core [J].Journal of China University of Petroleum (Edition of Natural Scie-nce),2001,25(4):56-60.
[5] 李嘉瑞,张炜,沈妍斐,等.富黏土低渗透砂岩应力敏感性实验和微观变形机理[J].断块油气田,2011,18(5):645-648.LI Jiarui,ZHANG Wei,SHEN Yanfei,et al.Stress sensitivity laboratory and microcosmic distortional mechanism of clay-rich and low permeability sandstone [J].Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field,2011,18(5):645-648.
[6] 田冷,何顺利,李秀生.低渗透气田砂岩储层应力敏感试井模型研究[J].石油钻探技术,2007,35(6):89-92.TIAN Leng,HE Shunli,LI Xiusheng.Study of well test of stress sensitive sandstone in low permeability gas reservoir[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2007,35(6):89-92.
[7] 王欣,齐梅,胡永乐.西加盆地B气田致密砂岩储层应力敏感评价[J].特种油气藏,2015,22(2):85-88.WANG Xin,QI Mei,HU Yongle.Evaluation on stress sensitivity of tight sandstone in B gas field of western Canada basin[J].Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs,2015,22(2):85-88.
[8] 王欢,廖新维,赵晓亮,等.特低渗透应力敏感油藏数值模拟历史拟合方法[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2014,33(2):73-76.WANG Huan,LIAO Xinwei,ZHAO Xiaoliang,et al.History matching method of the numerical simulation for stress-sensitivity extra low-permeability oil reservoirs [J].Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing,2014,33(2):73-76.
[9] 汪全林,唐海,吕栋梁,等.低渗透油藏启动压力梯度实验研究[J].油气地质与采收率.2011,18 (1):97-100WANG Quanlin,TANG Hai,LYU Dongliang,et al.An experimental study on threshold pressure gradient in low permeability reservoir [J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2011,18(1):97-100.
[10] 刘丽.低渗透油藏启动压力梯度的应力敏感性实验研究[J].油气地质与采收率,2012,19(2):81-83.LIU Li.Laboratory study on stress sensitivity of threshold pressure gradient in low permeability reservoirs [J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2012,19(2):81-83.
[11] 刘峰,王裕亮,陈小凡,等.考虑应力敏感性的低渗透油藏油井产能分析[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(1):124-128.LIU Feng,WANG Yuliang,CHEN Xiaofan,et al.Analysis on oil well productivity of low-permeability reservoirs with stress-sensitivity being taken into considerations [J].Oil & Gas Geology,2013,34(1):124-128.
[12] 谷建伟,于秀玲,马宁,等.考虑应力敏感的致密气藏水平井产能计算方法[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2016,35(6):57-62.GU Jianwei,YU Xiuling,MA Ning,et al.Productivity calculating method of the horizontal wells in tight gas reservoirs considering the stress sensitivity [J].Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing,2016,35(6):57-62.
[13] 汤连东,陈小凡,孙兆鑫,等.考虑应力敏感的低渗透底水油藏见水时间预测[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2017,36(3):60-63.TANG Liandong,CHEN Xiaofan,SUN Zhaoxin,et al.Prediction of the water breakthrough time for the low-permeability oil reservoir considering the stress sensitivity [J].Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing,2017,36(3):60-63.
[14] 张小龙,杨志兴.启动压力梯度对低渗气藏不稳定渗流特征的影响[J].油气井测试,2018,27(3):7-13.ZHANG Xiaolong,YANG Zhixing.Impacts of start-up pressure gradient on features of transient seepage flow in low-permeability gas reservoirs[J].Well Testing,2018,27(3):7-13.
[15] 欧阳伟平.致密气藏分段压裂水平井的不稳定压力与产量综合分析方法[J].油气井测试,2018,27(1):14-21.OUYANG Weiping.Comprehensive analysis method for transient pressure and production of multistage fractured horizontal well in tight gas reservoirs[J].Well Testing,2018,27(1):14-21.
[16] 蒋裕强,李成勇,曹成惠,等.高产气井试井压力资料异常原因分析[J].天然气工业,2008,28(7):90-92.JIANG Yuqiang,LI Chengyong,CAO Chenghui,et al.Reason analysis on abnormal pressure data from high-productivity gas well testing [J].Natural Gas Industry,2008,28(7):90-92.
[17] BABA G A,NORSARAHAIDA A.The effect of water hammer on pressure oscillation of hydrogen natural gas transient flow [J].Applied Mechanics and Materials,2014,554(1):251-255.
[18] 杨朝蓬,李星民,刘尚奇,等.苏里格低渗致密气藏阈压效应[J].石油学报,2015,36(3):347-354.YANG Zhaopeng,LI Xingmin,LIU Shangqi,et al.Threshold pressure effect of low permeability tight gas reservoirs in Sulige gas field [J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(3):347-354.
[19] 张洪,李得信,邱金权,等.低渗透油藏早期试井解释方法研究与应用[J].油气井测试,2015,24(3):15-20.ZHANG Hong,LI Dexin,QIU Jinquan,et al.Research of well testing interpretation method for early stage data in low permeability reservoir and its application [J].Well Testing,2015,24(3):15-20.
[20] 李传亮.岩石应力敏感指数与压缩系数之间的关系式[J].岩性油气藏,2007,19(4):95-98.LI Chuanliang.A theoretical formula of stress sensitivity index with compressibility of rock [J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2007,19(4):95-98.
[21] 王江,王玉英.异常高压、特低渗透油藏储层压力敏感性研究[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2003,22(5):28-31.WANG Jiang,WANG Yuying.Study on the pressure sensitivity of abnormal high pressured and ultra-low permeable reservoirs [J].Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing,2003,22(5):28-31.
[22] 杨磊,常志强,朱忠谦,等.数值试井在克拉2气田开发中的应用[J].天然气地球科学,2010,21(1):163-167.YANG Lei,CHANG Zhiqiang,ZHU Zhongqian,et al.Application of numerical well test in development of Kela2 gas field [J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2010,21(1):163-167.
[23] 周克万,黄炳光,罗志锋,等.数值试井与不稳定试井结合计算物性参数[J].西南石油大学学报,2011,33(3):141-144.ZHOU Kewan,HUANG Bingguang,LUO Zhifeng,et al.Combination of numerical well test and unstable test for calculation of physical parameters [J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University,2011,33(3):141-144.
[24] 齐二坡,洪鸿,田婉玲,等.数值试井技术在复杂气井解释中的应用[J].天然气工业,2007,27(5):97-99.QI Erpo,HONG Hong,TIAN Wanling,et al.Application of numerical well test analysis in complex gas wells [J].Natural Gas Industry,2007,27(5):97-99.
[25] 冯文光,葛家理.单一介质、双重介质中非定常非达西低速渗流问题[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,20(1):15-20.FENG Wenguang,GE Jiali.Problems with unsteady non-Darcy low rate flow in single medium and multiple medium [J].Petroleum Exploitation and Development,2005,20(1):15-20.
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