废旧塑料回收技术的研究进展
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摘要
综述了废旧塑料回收技术的发展概况,重点关注机械回收和化学回收;介绍了废旧塑料的分选技术,机械回收处理混合塑料的解决方案,以及化学回收的研究进展;分析了机械回收与化学回收的优势和局限性,并展望了废旧塑料回收的研究方向。今后的研究重点是更有效的分选装置,更通用的增容方案,以及更高效的催化剂和加热方式。
This paper reviews the advances in recycling technologies for waste plastics,focusing on mechanical recycling and chemical recycling. It introduces the separation and sorting technologies used for waste plastics,the solution of mechanical recycling for mixed plastics,and the research progress of chemical recycling. The advantages and limitations of both mechanical recycling and chemical recycling are analyzed.The research tendencies of recycling technologies for waste plastics are concluded. It indicates that the future research priorities are effective sorting plants,versatile compatibilization methods,efficient catalysts and heating technology.
This paper reviews the advances in recycling technologies for waste plastics,focusing on mechanical recycling and chemical recycling. It introduces the separation and sorting technologies used for waste plastics,the solution of mechanical recycling for mixed plastics,and the research progress of chemical recycling. The advantages and limitations of both mechanical recycling and chemical recycling are analyzed.The research tendencies of recycling technologies for waste plastics are concluded. It indicates that the future research priorities are effective sorting plants,versatile compatibilization methods,efficient catalysts and heating technology.
引文
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[16]Reinsch E,Frey A,Albrecht V,et al.Continuous electric sorting in the recycling process of plastics[J].Chem Ing Tech,2014,86(6):784-796.
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[21]Arvanitoyannis I S,Bosnea L A.Recycling of polymeric materials used for food packaging:current status and perspectives[J].Food Rev Int,2001,17(3):291-346.
[22]Koning C,van Duin M,Pagnoulle C,et al.Strategies for compatibilization of polymer blends[J].Prog Polym Sci,1998,23(4):707-757.
[23]Eagan J M,Xu Jun,Di Girolamo R,et al.Combining polyethylene and polypropylene:enhanced performance with PE/i PPmultiblock polymers[J].Science,2017,355(6327):814-816.
[24]Jin D W,Shon K H,Jeong H M,et al.Compatibility enhancement of ABS/polycarbonate blends[J].J Appl Polym Sci,1998,69(3):533-542.
[25]Lin Zhidan,Guan Zixian,Xu Baofeng,et al.Crystallization and melting behavior of polypropylene inβ-PP/polyamide 6blends containing PP-g-MA[J].J Ind Eng Chem,2013,19(2):692-697.
[26]George N,Kurian T.Recent developments in the chemical recycling of postconsumer poly(ethylene terephthalate)waste[J].Ind Eng Chem Res,2014,53(37):14185-14198.
[27]Angyal A,Miskolczi N,Bartha L.Petrochemical feedstock by thermal cracking of plastic waste[J].J Anal Appl Pyrol,2007,79(1):409-414.
[28]Vermeulen I,van Caneghem J,Block C,et al.Automotive shredder residue(ASR):reviewing its production from endof-life vehicles(elvs)and its recycling,energy or chemicals’valorisation[J].J Hazard Mater,2011,190(1):8-27.
[29]Garforth A A,Ali S,Hernández-Martínez J,et al.Feedstock recycling of polymer wastes[J].Curr Opin Solid State Mater Sci,2004,8(6):419-425.
[30]Panda A K,Singh R K.Catalytic performances of kaoline and silica alumina in the thermal degradation of polypropylene[J].J Fuel Chem Technol,2011,39(3):198-202.
[31]Jia Xiangqing,Qin Chuan,Friedberger T,et al.Efficient and selective degradation of polyethylenes into liquid fuels and waxes under mild conditions[J].Sci Adv,2016,2(6):e1501591.
[32]Miskolczi N,Angyal A,Bartha L,et al.Fuels by pyrolysis of waste plastics from agricultural and packaging sectors in a pilot scale reactor[J].Fuel Process Technol,2009,90(7):1032-1040.
[33]Ding Weibing,Liang Jing,Anderson L L.Hydrocracking and hydroisomerization of high-density polyethylene and waste plastic over zeolite and silica-alumina-supported Ni and NiMo sulfides[J].Energ Fuel,1997,11(6):1219-1224.
[34]Puig-Arnavat M,Bruno J C,Coronas A.Review and analysis of biomass gasification models[J].Renew Sustain Energy Rev,2010,14(9):2841-2851.
[35]Heidenreich S,Foscolo P U.New concepts in biomass gasification[J].Prog Energ Combust,2015,46:72-95.
[36]Wilhelm D J,Simbeck D R,Karp A D,et al.Syngas production for gas-to-liquids applications:technologies,issues and outlook[J].Fuel Process Technol,2001,71(1):139-148.
[2]Garcia J M,Robertson M L.The future of plastics recycling[J].Science,2017,358(6365):870-872.
[3]Macarthur E.Beyond plastic waste[J].Science,2017,358(6365):84.
[4]Wagner M,Scherer C,Alvarez-Mu?oz D,et al.Microplastics in freshwater ecosystems:what we know and what we need to know[J].Environ Sci Eur,2014,26(1):12.
[5]Rillig M C.Microplastic in terrestrial ecosystems and the soil?[J].Environ Sci Technol,2012,46(12):6453-6454.
[6]Horton A A,Walton A,Spurgeon D J,et al.Microplastics in freshwater and terrestrial environments:evaluating the current understanding to identify the knowledge gaps and future research priorities[J].Sci Total Environ,2017,586:127-141.
[7]Zubris K V,Richards B K.Synthetic fibers as an indicator of land application of sludge[J].Environ Pollut,2005,138(2):201-211.
[8]Kosuth M,Mason S A,Wattenberg E V.Anthropogenic contamination of tap water,beer,and sea salt[J].PLoS One,2018,13(4):e0194970.
[9]Dris R,Gasperi J,Mirande C,et al.A first overview of textile fibers,including microplastics,in indoor and outdoor environments[J].Environ Pollut,2017,221:453-458.
[10]Fernandez C.Proof humans are eating plastic:experts find nine different types of microplastic in every sample taken from human guts with water and drinks bottles blamed as the source[EB/OL].Daily Mail:23 October 2018.https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-6303337/Experts-ninedifferent-types-microplastic-stool-samples-water-bottlesblamed.html?ito=link_share_article-factbox#mol-ecc48a90-d663-11e8-b9da-9de42e9737ce.
[11]Bell V.Banning plastic won’t help the environment!Replacement materials including metal and glass could triple greenhouse gas emissions[EB/OL].Daily Mail:30 November 2018.https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-6444753/Banningplastics-cause-damage-planet.html.
[12]Albertsson A C,Hakkarainen M.Designed to degrade[J].Science,2017,358(6365):872-873.
[13]Karayannidis G P,Achilias D S.Chemical recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate)[J].Macromol Mater Eng,2007,292(2):128-146.
[14]Al-Salem S M,Lettieri P,Baeyens J.Recycling and recovery routes of plastic solid waste(PSW):a review[J].Waste Manage,2009,29(10):2625-2643.
[15]Wang Chongqing,Wang Hui,Fu Jiangang,et al.Flotation separation of waste plastics for recycling-a review[J].Waste Manage,2015,41:28-38.
[16]Reinsch E,Frey A,Albrecht V,et al.Continuous electric sorting in the recycling process of plastics[J].Chem Ing Tech,2014,86(6):784-796.
[17]Censori M,La Marca F,Carvalho M T.Separation of plastics:the importance of kinetics knowledge in the evaluation of froth flotation[J].Waste Manage,2016,54:39-43.
[18]Fraunholcz N.Separation of waste plastics by froth flotation--a review,Part I[J].Miner Eng,2004,17(2):261-268.
[19]Stenvall E,Boldizar A.Mechanical and thermal characterization of melt-filtered,blended and reprocessed post-consumer weee thermoplastics[J].Recycling,2016,1(1):89-100.
[20]Hopewell J,Dvorak R,Kosior E.Plastics recycling:challenges and opportunities[J].Philos Trans Royal Soc B:Biol Sci,2009,364(1526):2115-2126.
[21]Arvanitoyannis I S,Bosnea L A.Recycling of polymeric materials used for food packaging:current status and perspectives[J].Food Rev Int,2001,17(3):291-346.
[22]Koning C,van Duin M,Pagnoulle C,et al.Strategies for compatibilization of polymer blends[J].Prog Polym Sci,1998,23(4):707-757.
[23]Eagan J M,Xu Jun,Di Girolamo R,et al.Combining polyethylene and polypropylene:enhanced performance with PE/i PPmultiblock polymers[J].Science,2017,355(6327):814-816.
[24]Jin D W,Shon K H,Jeong H M,et al.Compatibility enhancement of ABS/polycarbonate blends[J].J Appl Polym Sci,1998,69(3):533-542.
[25]Lin Zhidan,Guan Zixian,Xu Baofeng,et al.Crystallization and melting behavior of polypropylene inβ-PP/polyamide 6blends containing PP-g-MA[J].J Ind Eng Chem,2013,19(2):692-697.
[26]George N,Kurian T.Recent developments in the chemical recycling of postconsumer poly(ethylene terephthalate)waste[J].Ind Eng Chem Res,2014,53(37):14185-14198.
[27]Angyal A,Miskolczi N,Bartha L.Petrochemical feedstock by thermal cracking of plastic waste[J].J Anal Appl Pyrol,2007,79(1):409-414.
[28]Vermeulen I,van Caneghem J,Block C,et al.Automotive shredder residue(ASR):reviewing its production from endof-life vehicles(elvs)and its recycling,energy or chemicals’valorisation[J].J Hazard Mater,2011,190(1):8-27.
[29]Garforth A A,Ali S,Hernández-Martínez J,et al.Feedstock recycling of polymer wastes[J].Curr Opin Solid State Mater Sci,2004,8(6):419-425.
[30]Panda A K,Singh R K.Catalytic performances of kaoline and silica alumina in the thermal degradation of polypropylene[J].J Fuel Chem Technol,2011,39(3):198-202.
[31]Jia Xiangqing,Qin Chuan,Friedberger T,et al.Efficient and selective degradation of polyethylenes into liquid fuels and waxes under mild conditions[J].Sci Adv,2016,2(6):e1501591.
[32]Miskolczi N,Angyal A,Bartha L,et al.Fuels by pyrolysis of waste plastics from agricultural and packaging sectors in a pilot scale reactor[J].Fuel Process Technol,2009,90(7):1032-1040.
[33]Ding Weibing,Liang Jing,Anderson L L.Hydrocracking and hydroisomerization of high-density polyethylene and waste plastic over zeolite and silica-alumina-supported Ni and NiMo sulfides[J].Energ Fuel,1997,11(6):1219-1224.
[34]Puig-Arnavat M,Bruno J C,Coronas A.Review and analysis of biomass gasification models[J].Renew Sustain Energy Rev,2010,14(9):2841-2851.
[35]Heidenreich S,Foscolo P U.New concepts in biomass gasification[J].Prog Energ Combust,2015,46:72-95.
[36]Wilhelm D J,Simbeck D R,Karp A D,et al.Syngas production for gas-to-liquids applications:technologies,issues and outlook[J].Fuel Process Technol,2001,71(1):139-148.