微生物土壤改良剂对复配土养分及作物产量的影响
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摘要
以砒砂岩与沙复配土壤(简称"复配土")为研究对象,以微生物土壤改良剂为添加材料,通过盆栽试验,研究了不同施用量对玉米不同生育期内土壤养分含量以及作物产量的影响。结果表明:施用微生物改良剂对复配土具有解钾、释磷、固氮作用,能够显著提高复配土的土壤养分,尤其对铵态氮和速效磷的提升效果显著;从整个玉米生育期来看,施用微生物改良剂对土壤速效钾、速效磷、铵态氮和硝态氮的影响主要表现在生长前期(拔节期和大喇叭期),而对有机质的影响主要体现在成熟期;就不同施用量处理而言,M2处理(1.0 g·kg~(-1))的增产效果最佳,与对照相比,穗长、行粒数、单穗重、百粒重分别增加了13.8%、7.9%、26.4%、14.1%。本研究可为复配土培肥增产提供技术参考。
In this paper, the soft rock and sand compound soil(referred to as "compound soil") was used as research object, and microbial soil amendments were used as additive materials. The pot culture experiments were carried out to study the soil nutrient content and crop yields of different application rates of maize during different growth stages. The results showed that the application of microbial improver had the effects of potassium, phosphorus release and nitrogen fixation on the compound soil, which could significantly improve the soil nutrients of the compound soil, especially for the ammonia nitrogen and available phosphorus. It can be seen that the effects of applying microbial modifiers on soil available potassium, available phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen are mainly in the pre-growth stage(knuckle stage and big horn period), while the effect on organic matter is mainly reflected in the mature stage; Among all the treatments, M2 treatment(1.0 g·kg~(-1)) had the best yield increase effect, the ear length, grain number, single ear weight and 100-grain weight increased by 13.8%, 7.9%, 26.4%, 14.1% campared with the CK. This study can provide a technical reference for increasing the fertilization and yield of compound soil.
In this paper, the soft rock and sand compound soil(referred to as "compound soil") was used as research object, and microbial soil amendments were used as additive materials. The pot culture experiments were carried out to study the soil nutrient content and crop yields of different application rates of maize during different growth stages. The results showed that the application of microbial improver had the effects of potassium, phosphorus release and nitrogen fixation on the compound soil, which could significantly improve the soil nutrients of the compound soil, especially for the ammonia nitrogen and available phosphorus. It can be seen that the effects of applying microbial modifiers on soil available potassium, available phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen are mainly in the pre-growth stage(knuckle stage and big horn period), while the effect on organic matter is mainly reflected in the mature stage; Among all the treatments, M2 treatment(1.0 g·kg~(-1)) had the best yield increase effect, the ear length, grain number, single ear weight and 100-grain weight increased by 13.8%, 7.9%, 26.4%, 14.1% campared with the CK. This study can provide a technical reference for increasing the fertilization and yield of compound soil.
引文
[1] 韩霁昌,刘彦随,罗林涛.毛乌素沙地砒砂岩与沙快速复配成土核心技术研究[J].中国土地科学,2012,26(08):87-94.
[2] 张露,韩霁昌,王欢元,等.砒砂岩与风沙土复配后的粒度组成变化[J].中国水土保持科学,2015,13(02):44-49.
[3] 李娟,韩霁昌,成生权,等.砒砂岩与沙复配土对土壤团聚体和有机碳质量分数的影响[J].西北农业学报,2015,24(11):140-148.
[4] 赵宣,韩霁昌,王欢元.砒砂岩与沙复配土生地·熟地中土壤有机碳及水稳定性团聚体含量的变化特征[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(11):75-77,80.
[5] 柴苗苗,韩霁昌,罗林涛,等.砒砂岩与沙混合比例及作物种植季数对复配土壤性质和作物产量的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(10):180-182,19.
[6] 张卫华,韩霁昌,王欢元,等.砒砂岩对毛乌素沙地风成沙的改良应用研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(10):122-127.
[7] 曹婷婷,孙婴婴,吴林川.砒砂岩与沙复配土体的植物营养保障措施研究[J].西部大开发(土地开发工程研究),2017,2(05):36-39.
[8] 李彰,熊瑛,吕强,等.微生物土壤改良剂对烟草生长及耕层环境的影响[J].河南农业科学,2010(9):56-60.
[9] 刘立军.微生物土壤改良剂对东北地区风沙土改良效果研究[J].吉林水利,2017(04):9-12.
[10] 姜涛.氮肥运筹对夏玉米产量、品质及植株养分含量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(03):559-565.
[11] 杨凤军,安子靖,孙福东,等.不同土壤改良剂对番茄苗期土壤微生物及理化性状的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2016,55(06):1399-1401,1405.
[12] 刘慧军,刘景辉,于健,等.土壤改良剂对燕麦土壤理化性状及微生物量碳的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(05):68-72,77.
[13] 鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[14] 郭锐.不同施肥处理下玉米生育期内土壤无机态氮、水溶性有机质含量变化的研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2007.
[15] 李北齐,王倡宪,孟瑶,等.生物有机肥对盐碱土壤养分及玉米产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(21):182-186.
[16] 尹瑞龄,许月蓉,顾希贤.解磷接种物对垃圾堆肥中难溶性磷酸盐的转化及在农业上的应用[J].应用与环境生物学报,1995(04):371-378.
[17] Pradhan N,Sukla L B.Solubilization of inorganic phosphates by Fungi isolated from agriculture soil[J].African Journal of Biotechnology,2006,5(10):11.
[18] 谢龙莲,王真辉,刘小香,等.刚果12号桉人工林下土壤微生物与土壤养分研究初报[J].热带农业科学,2007(04):50-53,70.
[2] 张露,韩霁昌,王欢元,等.砒砂岩与风沙土复配后的粒度组成变化[J].中国水土保持科学,2015,13(02):44-49.
[3] 李娟,韩霁昌,成生权,等.砒砂岩与沙复配土对土壤团聚体和有机碳质量分数的影响[J].西北农业学报,2015,24(11):140-148.
[4] 赵宣,韩霁昌,王欢元.砒砂岩与沙复配土生地·熟地中土壤有机碳及水稳定性团聚体含量的变化特征[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(11):75-77,80.
[5] 柴苗苗,韩霁昌,罗林涛,等.砒砂岩与沙混合比例及作物种植季数对复配土壤性质和作物产量的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(10):180-182,19.
[6] 张卫华,韩霁昌,王欢元,等.砒砂岩对毛乌素沙地风成沙的改良应用研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(10):122-127.
[7] 曹婷婷,孙婴婴,吴林川.砒砂岩与沙复配土体的植物营养保障措施研究[J].西部大开发(土地开发工程研究),2017,2(05):36-39.
[8] 李彰,熊瑛,吕强,等.微生物土壤改良剂对烟草生长及耕层环境的影响[J].河南农业科学,2010(9):56-60.
[9] 刘立军.微生物土壤改良剂对东北地区风沙土改良效果研究[J].吉林水利,2017(04):9-12.
[10] 姜涛.氮肥运筹对夏玉米产量、品质及植株养分含量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(03):559-565.
[11] 杨凤军,安子靖,孙福东,等.不同土壤改良剂对番茄苗期土壤微生物及理化性状的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2016,55(06):1399-1401,1405.
[12] 刘慧军,刘景辉,于健,等.土壤改良剂对燕麦土壤理化性状及微生物量碳的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(05):68-72,77.
[13] 鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[14] 郭锐.不同施肥处理下玉米生育期内土壤无机态氮、水溶性有机质含量变化的研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2007.
[15] 李北齐,王倡宪,孟瑶,等.生物有机肥对盐碱土壤养分及玉米产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(21):182-186.
[16] 尹瑞龄,许月蓉,顾希贤.解磷接种物对垃圾堆肥中难溶性磷酸盐的转化及在农业上的应用[J].应用与环境生物学报,1995(04):371-378.
[17] Pradhan N,Sukla L B.Solubilization of inorganic phosphates by Fungi isolated from agriculture soil[J].African Journal of Biotechnology,2006,5(10):11.
[18] 谢龙莲,王真辉,刘小香,等.刚果12号桉人工林下土壤微生物与土壤养分研究初报[J].热带农业科学,2007(04):50-53,70.