不同种源和家系交趾黄檀种子活力及其在广西凭祥的引种表现
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摘要
【目的】分析交趾黄檀种子活力及开展交趾黄檀引种试验,为其在我国南亚热带地区引种栽培提供参考依据。【方法】以从泰国和柬埔寨引入的10个种源25个家系交趾黄檀种子为材料,观测不同种源和家系交趾黄檀种子在广西凭祥的萌发情况;利用培育的实生苗开展引种试验,调查其造林保存率和苗木生长情况,分析不同种源和家系交趾黄檀在我国南亚热带地区的速生性和适应性。【结果】在10个交趾黄檀种源中,柬埔寨暹粒种源的种子活力最弱,发芽率和发芽势仅39.33%和19.33%,显著小于其他9个种源种子的发芽率和发芽势(分别为60.67%～76.95%和49.05%～71.33%)(P<0.05,下同),且这9个种源间差异不显著(P>0.05,下同)。在25个家系中,泰国北柳T-KF-4的发芽率最高,为88.00%,泰国北柳T-KF-6的发芽势最高,为82.00%。2016年造林后,种源的平均保存率为88.17%,家系的平均保存率为89.59%;在10个种源和25个家系中,长势较佳的是泰国彭世洛种源(T-PP)和泰国北柳T-KF-1家系,其苗高和地径分别为1.62 m和2.89 cm及1.70 m和3.09 cm。2017年,2年生交趾黄檀苗木的平均苗高和胸径分别为2.69 m和2.17cm;苗木长势在种源间差异不显著,但在家系间差异显著,其中,泰国巴真T-KI-5的平均苗高达3.15 m,泰国巴真T-KI-7的平均胸径达2.60 cm。【结论】交趾黄檀在广西凭祥引种栽培获得初步成效,且以泰国种源和家系对广西凭祥的适应性更强。
【Objective】To provide useful basis for cultivation of Dalbergia cochinchinensissis Pierre ex Laness in the south subtropical region of China,seed vigour research of D. cochinchinensis and introduction experiment were carried out.【Method】Seeds from 10 provenances and 25 families of Thailand and Cambodia were introduced to study their performances on germination in Pingxiang,Guangxi. The cultured seedlings were used to carry out introduction experiment. The survival rate of forestation and growth performances were investigated to analyze their growth and adoption in south subtropical region of China.【Result】Among the 10 provenances,seeds from Siam Reap of Cambodia(C-SR)were the poorest,with the lowest germination rate(39.33%)and germination potentiality rate(19.33%). They were significantly(P<0.05,the same below)smaller than those of other nine provenances,the range of the others germination rate and germination potentiality rate were 60.67-76.95% and 49.05-71.33% respectively. But the difference among the nine provenances was not significant(P>0.05,the same below). Among the 25 families,germination rate of T-KF-4 reached 88.00%(the highest),and germination potentiality rate of T-KF-6 was 82.00%(the highest). After forestation in 2016,the average survival rate of these provenances and families reached up to 88.17% and 89.65% respectively. Among 10 provenances or 25 families,T-PP(Phitsanulok of Thailand)was the best provenance with plant height and diameter of 1.62 m and 2.89 cm,followed the best family T-KF-1(Chachoengsao of Thailand)with plant height and diameter of 1.70 m and 3.09 cm. In 2017,the average plant height anddiameter at breast height(DBH)of all the two-year-old seedlings were 2.69 m and 2.17 cm. Therewas no significant difference in growth performance among 10 provenances,whereas significant differences showed among 25 families. Additionally,T-KI-5(3.15 m)and T-KI-7(2.60 cm),families both from Prachin Buri of Thailand,performed best on plant height and DBH respectively.【Conclusion】A preliminary success of D. cochinchinensis cultivation in Pingxiang,Guangxi was achieved,and provenances and families from Thailand perform better in Pingxiang,Guangxi.
【Objective】To provide useful basis for cultivation of Dalbergia cochinchinensissis Pierre ex Laness in the south subtropical region of China,seed vigour research of D. cochinchinensis and introduction experiment were carried out.【Method】Seeds from 10 provenances and 25 families of Thailand and Cambodia were introduced to study their performances on germination in Pingxiang,Guangxi. The cultured seedlings were used to carry out introduction experiment. The survival rate of forestation and growth performances were investigated to analyze their growth and adoption in south subtropical region of China.【Result】Among the 10 provenances,seeds from Siam Reap of Cambodia(C-SR)were the poorest,with the lowest germination rate(39.33%)and germination potentiality rate(19.33%). They were significantly(P<0.05,the same below)smaller than those of other nine provenances,the range of the others germination rate and germination potentiality rate were 60.67-76.95% and 49.05-71.33% respectively. But the difference among the nine provenances was not significant(P>0.05,the same below). Among the 25 families,germination rate of T-KF-4 reached 88.00%(the highest),and germination potentiality rate of T-KF-6 was 82.00%(the highest). After forestation in 2016,the average survival rate of these provenances and families reached up to 88.17% and 89.65% respectively. Among 10 provenances or 25 families,T-PP(Phitsanulok of Thailand)was the best provenance with plant height and diameter of 1.62 m and 2.89 cm,followed the best family T-KF-1(Chachoengsao of Thailand)with plant height and diameter of 1.70 m and 3.09 cm. In 2017,the average plant height anddiameter at breast height(DBH)of all the two-year-old seedlings were 2.69 m and 2.17 cm. Therewas no significant difference in growth performance among 10 provenances,whereas significant differences showed among 25 families. Additionally,T-KI-5(3.15 m)and T-KI-7(2.60 cm),families both from Prachin Buri of Thailand,performed best on plant height and DBH respectively.【Conclusion】A preliminary success of D. cochinchinensis cultivation in Pingxiang,Guangxi was achieved,and provenances and families from Thailand perform better in Pingxiang,Guangxi.
引文
李科,洪舟,杨曾奖,张宁南,刘小金,徐大平.2018.3不同种源交趾黄檀种子形态及多点发芽率的差异[J].浙江农林大学学报,35(1):121-127.[Li K,Hong Z,Yang Z J,Zhang N N,Liu X J,Xu D P.2018.Morphological variations in seeds from various provenances of Dalbergia cochinchinensis with a multi-site germination test[J].Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural&Forestry University,35(1):121-127.]
李瑞聪.2016.交趾黄檀不同家系种子形态特性和发芽率差异[J].福建热作科技,41(2):29-33.[Li R C.2016.Researches on morphological characteristics and germination rate of Dalbergia cochinchinensis from different families[J].Fujian Science&Technology of Tropical Crops,41(2):29-33.]
李瑞聪.2017.闽南山地引种交趾黄檀种源初步表现[J].绿色科技,(15):127-129.[Li R C.2017.The primary performances on introduction of different provenances of Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre in southern Fujiang[J].Journal of Green Science and Technology,(15):127-129.]
莫世琴,林明平,王淑娥.2016.不同产地交趾黄檀种子形态与发芽率研究[J].热带林业,44(2):8-10.[Mo S Q,Lin M P,Wang S E.2016.Variations of seed morphology and germination percentages of differen producing area of Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre[J].Tropical Forestry,44(2):8-10.]
王豁然,江泽平.1995.论中国林木引种驯化策略[J].林业科学,31(4):367-371.[Wang H R,Jiang Z P.1995.The strategy for growing exotic forests in China[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,31(4):367-371.]
吴培衍,张荣标,张金文.2016.红木树种新贵--交趾黄檀[J].福建热作科技,41(4):51-54.[Wu P Y,Zhang R B,Zhang J W.2016.Rosewood upstarts-Dalbergia cochinchinensis[J].Fujian Science&Technology of Tropical Crops,41(4):51-54.]
霄迪.2009.大红酸枝--交趾黄檀[J].家具,(S1):90-93.[Xiao D.2009.Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre ex Laness[J].Furniture,(S1):90-93.]
Aree T,Tip-Pyang S,Seesukphronrarak S,Chaichit N.2003a.2-(5,7-Dihydroxy-4-oxo-4-H-chromen-3-yl)-5-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone(isoflavonequinone)[J].Acta Crystallographic,59(3):363-365.
Aree T,Tip-Pyang S,Paramapojn S,Chaichit N.2003b.3,9-dimethoxy-6 a,11 a-dihydro-6 H-benzo[4,5]furo[3,2-c]chromene-4,10-diol monohydrate[J].Acta Crystallographic,59(3):380-383.
Barrett M,Brown J,Yoder A.2013.Protection for trade of precious rosewood[J].Nature,(499):29.
Delang O.2007.The role of medicinal plants in the provision of health care in Lao PDR[J].Journal of Medicinal Plants Research,1(3):50-59.
Jiang T,Li K,Liu H,Yang L.2016.The effects of drying methods on extract of Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre[J].European Journal of Wood&Wood Products,74(5):663-669.
Kamo K,Vacharangkura T,Tiyanon S,Viriyabuncha C,Nimpila S,Doangsrisen B.2002.Plant species diversity in tropical planted forests and implication for restoration of forest ecosystems in Sakaerat,northeastern Thailand[J].Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly Jarq,36(2):111-118.
Liu R H,Wen X C,Shao F,Zhang P Z,Huang H L,Zhang S.2016a.Flavonoids from heartwood of Dalbergia cochinchinensis[J].Chinese Herbal Medicines,8(1):89-93.
Liu R H,Li Y Y,Shao F,Chen L Y,Wen X C,Zhang P Z,Huang H L.2016b.A new chalcone from the heartwood of Dalbergia cochinchinensis[J].Chemistry of Natural Compounds,52(3):405-408.
Nghia N H,Luomaaho T,Hong L T,Rao V R,Sim H C.2004.Status of Forest Genetic Resources Conservation and Management in Vietnam[M].Serdang(Malaysia):Proceeding of the Asia Pacific Forest Genetic Resources Programme(APFORGEN).
Pornputtapitak W.2008.Chemical constituents of the branches of Anomianthus dulcis and the branches of Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre[D].Bangkok:Silpakorn University.
Rasheeha N,Iftikhar H,Abdul T,Abdul T,Muhammad T,Moazur R,Sohail H,Shahid M M,Abu B S,Mazhar I.2013.Antimicrobial activity of the bioactive components of essential oils from Pakistani spices against Salmonella and other multidrug resistant bacteria[J].BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine,13(1):265.
Shirota O,Pathak V,Sekita S,Motoyoshi S,Yoshio N,Yutaka H,Yusuke H,Tatsuo H.2003.Phenolic constituents from Dalbergia cochinchinensis[J].Journal of Natural Products,66(8):1128-1131.
So T,Dell B.2010.Conservation and utilization of threatened hardwood species through reforestation-an example of Afzelia xylocarpa(Kruz.)Craib and Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre in Cambodia[J].Pacific Conservation Biology,16(2):101-116.
Zhang F D,Xu C H,Li M Y,Chen X D,Zhou Q,Huang A M.2016.Identification of Dalbergia cochinchinensis(CITES Appendix II)from other three Dalbergia species using FT-IR and 2D correlation IR spectroscopy[J].Wood Science&Technology,50(4):693-704.
Zhong Y X,Huang R M,Zhou X J,Zhu Y H,Xu Z F,Qiu SX.2013.Chemical constituents from the heartwood of Dalbergia cochinchinensis[J].Natural Product Research&Development,25(11):1515-1518.
李瑞聪.2016.交趾黄檀不同家系种子形态特性和发芽率差异[J].福建热作科技,41(2):29-33.[Li R C.2016.Researches on morphological characteristics and germination rate of Dalbergia cochinchinensis from different families[J].Fujian Science&Technology of Tropical Crops,41(2):29-33.]
李瑞聪.2017.闽南山地引种交趾黄檀种源初步表现[J].绿色科技,(15):127-129.[Li R C.2017.The primary performances on introduction of different provenances of Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre in southern Fujiang[J].Journal of Green Science and Technology,(15):127-129.]
莫世琴,林明平,王淑娥.2016.不同产地交趾黄檀种子形态与发芽率研究[J].热带林业,44(2):8-10.[Mo S Q,Lin M P,Wang S E.2016.Variations of seed morphology and germination percentages of differen producing area of Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre[J].Tropical Forestry,44(2):8-10.]
王豁然,江泽平.1995.论中国林木引种驯化策略[J].林业科学,31(4):367-371.[Wang H R,Jiang Z P.1995.The strategy for growing exotic forests in China[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,31(4):367-371.]
吴培衍,张荣标,张金文.2016.红木树种新贵--交趾黄檀[J].福建热作科技,41(4):51-54.[Wu P Y,Zhang R B,Zhang J W.2016.Rosewood upstarts-Dalbergia cochinchinensis[J].Fujian Science&Technology of Tropical Crops,41(4):51-54.]
霄迪.2009.大红酸枝--交趾黄檀[J].家具,(S1):90-93.[Xiao D.2009.Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre ex Laness[J].Furniture,(S1):90-93.]
Aree T,Tip-Pyang S,Seesukphronrarak S,Chaichit N.2003a.2-(5,7-Dihydroxy-4-oxo-4-H-chromen-3-yl)-5-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone(isoflavonequinone)[J].Acta Crystallographic,59(3):363-365.
Aree T,Tip-Pyang S,Paramapojn S,Chaichit N.2003b.3,9-dimethoxy-6 a,11 a-dihydro-6 H-benzo[4,5]furo[3,2-c]chromene-4,10-diol monohydrate[J].Acta Crystallographic,59(3):380-383.
Barrett M,Brown J,Yoder A.2013.Protection for trade of precious rosewood[J].Nature,(499):29.
Delang O.2007.The role of medicinal plants in the provision of health care in Lao PDR[J].Journal of Medicinal Plants Research,1(3):50-59.
Jiang T,Li K,Liu H,Yang L.2016.The effects of drying methods on extract of Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre[J].European Journal of Wood&Wood Products,74(5):663-669.
Kamo K,Vacharangkura T,Tiyanon S,Viriyabuncha C,Nimpila S,Doangsrisen B.2002.Plant species diversity in tropical planted forests and implication for restoration of forest ecosystems in Sakaerat,northeastern Thailand[J].Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly Jarq,36(2):111-118.
Liu R H,Wen X C,Shao F,Zhang P Z,Huang H L,Zhang S.2016a.Flavonoids from heartwood of Dalbergia cochinchinensis[J].Chinese Herbal Medicines,8(1):89-93.
Liu R H,Li Y Y,Shao F,Chen L Y,Wen X C,Zhang P Z,Huang H L.2016b.A new chalcone from the heartwood of Dalbergia cochinchinensis[J].Chemistry of Natural Compounds,52(3):405-408.
Nghia N H,Luomaaho T,Hong L T,Rao V R,Sim H C.2004.Status of Forest Genetic Resources Conservation and Management in Vietnam[M].Serdang(Malaysia):Proceeding of the Asia Pacific Forest Genetic Resources Programme(APFORGEN).
Pornputtapitak W.2008.Chemical constituents of the branches of Anomianthus dulcis and the branches of Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre[D].Bangkok:Silpakorn University.
Rasheeha N,Iftikhar H,Abdul T,Abdul T,Muhammad T,Moazur R,Sohail H,Shahid M M,Abu B S,Mazhar I.2013.Antimicrobial activity of the bioactive components of essential oils from Pakistani spices against Salmonella and other multidrug resistant bacteria[J].BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine,13(1):265.
Shirota O,Pathak V,Sekita S,Motoyoshi S,Yoshio N,Yutaka H,Yusuke H,Tatsuo H.2003.Phenolic constituents from Dalbergia cochinchinensis[J].Journal of Natural Products,66(8):1128-1131.
So T,Dell B.2010.Conservation and utilization of threatened hardwood species through reforestation-an example of Afzelia xylocarpa(Kruz.)Craib and Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre in Cambodia[J].Pacific Conservation Biology,16(2):101-116.
Zhang F D,Xu C H,Li M Y,Chen X D,Zhou Q,Huang A M.2016.Identification of Dalbergia cochinchinensis(CITES Appendix II)from other three Dalbergia species using FT-IR and 2D correlation IR spectroscopy[J].Wood Science&Technology,50(4):693-704.
Zhong Y X,Huang R M,Zhou X J,Zhu Y H,Xu Z F,Qiu SX.2013.Chemical constituents from the heartwood of Dalbergia cochinchinensis[J].Natural Product Research&Development,25(11):1515-1518.