土壤结构改良剂对重度碱化盐土的改良效果
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摘要
以宁夏银北重度碱化盐土为研究对象,系统研究生化黄腐酸BFA(Biochemical fulvic acid)和聚合硫酸铁铝PAFS(Polymeric aluminum ferric sulfate)与脱硫石膏FGD(Flue gas desulfurization)配合施用对土壤结构改善及其他理化性状的改良效果。结果表明:施用脱硫石膏和结构改良剂后向日葵出苗率、株高、千粒重和产量较对照均有显著增加。2014年、2015年和2016年脱硫石膏和改良剂配合施用的处理产量比对照平均提高了353.48%、298.82%和411.47%。2014年施用脱硫石膏和结构改良剂的处理0～20 cm土壤容重较对照处理平均降低9.07%,其中T3(FGD+BFA+PAFS)降幅最大。各处理土壤孔隙度变化趋势与容重相反。2015年和2016年0～20 cm脱硫石膏和改良剂配合施用的处理<0.25 mm粒级质量分数比2014年显著降低,1～2 mm粒级质量分数显著增加。整体来讲,改良后T3土壤水稳性团聚体状况最佳。脱硫石膏单独施用或与结构改良剂配合施用均会降低土壤pH值和EC,T3降幅最大;施用脱硫石膏和不同结构改良剂处理差异间不显著。施用脱硫石膏和改良剂后土壤有机质较对照明显增加,其中T3增幅最大,T4(FGD+BFA)次之。施用脱硫石膏和改良剂后土壤碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾变化情况与有机质相似,但增幅略大于有机质增幅。整体来讲,施用FGD+BFA+PAFS可以显著改善碱化盐土土壤结构、提高土壤有机质和养分含量,实现作物显著增产增收。
Soil salinization is a major problem in arid and semi-arid areas. The improvement effect for soil structure,and soil physical and chemical properties were analyzed after the application of biochemical fulvic acid(BFA),polymeric aluminum ferric sulfate(PAFS), and combined flue gas desulfurization(FGD) to the highly alkalize solonchaks in Yinchuan, Northern Ningxia. The emergence rates, plant heights, thousand grain weights and yields of sunflower were increased significantly after applying FGD. Compared with control treatment, the yield of sunflower after applying FGD was increased by 353.48%, 298.82% and 411.47% in 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively. The application of FGD, especially which combined with BFA and PAFS(T3), decreased soil bulk density at 0-20 cm layer by 9.07% relative to the control treatment. The effects of soil amendments on soil porosity were opposite to those on soil bulk density. After applying FGD, the mass percentage of < 0.25 mm soil particle was significantly decreased,and that of 1-2 mm was significantly increased in 2015 and 2016 relative to that in 2014. The status of soil water stable aggregates was the best in the T3 treatment. The values of pH and EC were decreased after single application of FGD or combined with soil amendments, especially in T3 treatment. The content of soil organic matter was the highest in the T3 treatment, followed by the treatment of FGD combined with BFA(T4). The same effects of soil amendments on soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium were found as those on soil organic matter. Overall, the application of FGD combined with BFA and PAFS could improve soil structure, increase the contents of soil organic matter and nutrient, and further achieve high crop yield and income.
Soil salinization is a major problem in arid and semi-arid areas. The improvement effect for soil structure,and soil physical and chemical properties were analyzed after the application of biochemical fulvic acid(BFA),polymeric aluminum ferric sulfate(PAFS), and combined flue gas desulfurization(FGD) to the highly alkalize solonchaks in Yinchuan, Northern Ningxia. The emergence rates, plant heights, thousand grain weights and yields of sunflower were increased significantly after applying FGD. Compared with control treatment, the yield of sunflower after applying FGD was increased by 353.48%, 298.82% and 411.47% in 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively. The application of FGD, especially which combined with BFA and PAFS(T3), decreased soil bulk density at 0-20 cm layer by 9.07% relative to the control treatment. The effects of soil amendments on soil porosity were opposite to those on soil bulk density. After applying FGD, the mass percentage of < 0.25 mm soil particle was significantly decreased,and that of 1-2 mm was significantly increased in 2015 and 2016 relative to that in 2014. The status of soil water stable aggregates was the best in the T3 treatment. The values of pH and EC were decreased after single application of FGD or combined with soil amendments, especially in T3 treatment. The content of soil organic matter was the highest in the T3 treatment, followed by the treatment of FGD combined with BFA(T4). The same effects of soil amendments on soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium were found as those on soil organic matter. Overall, the application of FGD combined with BFA and PAFS could improve soil structure, increase the contents of soil organic matter and nutrient, and further achieve high crop yield and income.
引文
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[8] SANTINI T C, FEY M V. From tailings to soil:long-term effects of amendments on progress and trajectory of soil formation and in situ remediation in bauxite residue[J]. J Soils Sediments, 2018, 18:1935-1949.
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[11] SEENIVASAN R, PRASATH V, MOHANRAJ R. Sodic Soil Reclamation in a Semi-Arid Region Involving Organic Amendments and Vegetative Remediation by Casuarina equsetifolia and Erianthus arundinaceus. Environ. Process., 2016, 3:431-449.
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[13] DAI H C, CHEN Y Q, YANG X L, et al. The effect of different organic materials amendment on soil bacteria communities in barren sandy loam soil[J]. Environ Sci Pollut Res., 2017, 24:24019-24028.
[14]龙明杰,张宏伟,陈志泉,等.高聚物对土壤结构改良的研究Ⅲ.聚丙烯酰胺对赤红壤的改良研究[J].土壤通报, 2002, 33(1):9-13.
[15]武岩,红梅,林立龙,等. 3种土壤改良剂对河套灌区玉米田温室气体排放的影响[J].环境科学, 2018, 39(1):310-320.
[16]ΜOLLA A, IOANNOU Z, MOLLAS S, et al. Removal of chromium from soils cultivated with maize(Zea Mays)after the addition of natural minerals as soil amendments[J]. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol., 2017,98:347-352.
[17]邢世和,熊德中,周碧青,等.不同土壤改良剂对土壤生化性质与烤烟产量的影响.土壤通报, 2005, 36(1):72-75.
[18] YAZDANPANAH N, MAHMOODABADI M. Reclamation of calcareous saline-sodic soil using different amendments:Time changes of soluble cations in leachate[J]. Arab J Geosci., 2013, 6:2519-2528.
[19] SANTINI T C&FEY M V. From tailings to soil:long-term effects of amendments on progress and trajectory of soil formation and in situ remediation in bauxite residue[J]. J Soils Sediments, 2018, 18:1935-1949.
[20]王遵亲,祝寿泉,俞仁培,等.中国盐渍土[M].北京:科学出版社.1993.
[21]张俊华,孙兆军,贾科利,等.燃煤烟气脱硫废弃物及专用改良剂改良龟裂碱土的效果[J].西北农业学报, 2009, 18(5):208-212.
[22]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社.2000.
[23]朱经伟,张云贵,李志宏,等.不同土壤改良剂对整治烟田土壤团聚体组成的影响[J].南京农业大学学报, 2018, 41(2):341-348.
[24] FROUZ J, KRISTUFEK V, LIVECKOVA M, et al. Microbial properties of soil aggregates created by earthworms and other factors:spherical and prismatic soil aggregates from unreclaimed post-mining sites[J]. Folia Microbiologica, 2011, 56(1):36-43.
[25] LI B Z, GE T D, XIAO H A,et al. Phosphorus content as a function of soil aggregate size and paddy cultivation in highly weathered soils[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2016, 23(8):7494-7503.
[26]王卫华,李建波,张志鹏,等.覆膜滴灌条件下土壤改良剂对土壤导气率的影响[J].农业机械学报, 2015, 46(6):160-167.
[27] CLARK R B, RITCHEY K D, BALIGAR V C. Benefits and constraints for use of FGD products on agricultural land[J]. Fuel,2001, 80:821-828.
[28] FONTE S J, NESPER M, HEGGLIN D, et al. Pasture degradation impacts soil phosphorus storage via changes to aggregate-associated soil organic matter in highly weathered tropical soils[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 68, 2014, 150-157.
[29] SHAHID M, DUMAT C, SILVESTRE E, et al. Effect of fulvic acids on lead-induced oxidative stress to metal sensitive Vicia faba L. plant[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2012, 48(6):689-697.
[30] LUO J Q, WANG L L, LI Q S, et al. Improvement of hard saline–sodic soils using polymeric aluminum ferric sulfate(PAFS)[J]. Soil&Tillage Research, 2015, 149:12-20.
[31] SAKAI Y, MATSUMOTO S, SADAKATA M. Alkali soil reclamation with flue gas desulfurization gypsum in China and assessment of mental content in corn grains[J]. Soil Sediment Contamination, 2004,13(1):65-80.
[32]王斌,马兴旺,单娜娜,等.新疆盐碱地土壤改良剂的选择与应用[J].干旱区资源与环境, 2014, 28(7):111-115.
[33]杨宇,金强,卢国政,等.生化黄腐酸土壤改良剂对盐碱菜田土壤改良效果研究[J].安徽农业科学, 2010, 38(4):1931-1932.
[34]刘莉萍,刘兆普,隆小华. 2种盐土改良剂对苏北滨海盐碱土壤盐分及植物生长的影响[J].水土保持学报, 2014, 28(2):127-131, 153.
[35] SALLY L, MARKUS B, RAINER H. Quantifying and modeling soil structure dynamics[M]. Advancesinagric(quantifyingandm):2013, vii–ix:2163-2790.
[2] RAGHUWANSHI R and UPADHYAY R S. Performance of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae in saline-alkali soil in relation to various amendm ents[J]. World Journal of Microbiology&Biotechnology, 2004, 20:1-5.
[3] DEXTER A R. Advances in characterization of soil structure[J]. Soil and Tillage Research. 1988, 11(3-4):199-238.
[4]黄震华译.盐渍土[M].北京:科学出版社, 1959.
[5]张克强,白成云,马宏斌,等.大同盆地金沙滩盐碱地综合治理技术开发研究[J].农业工程学报, 2005, 21(增刊):136-141.
[6] LIU W, JI H L, KERR P, et al. The application of soil amendments benefits to the reduction of phosphorus depletion and the growth of cabbage and corn[J]. Environ Sci Pollut Res., 2015, 22:16772-16780.
[7] SMAOUI-JARDAK M, KRIAA W, MAALEY M, et al. Effect of the phosphogypsum amendment of saline and agricultural soils on growth,productivity and antioxidant enzyme activities of tomato(Solanum lycopersicum L.)[J]. Ecotoxicology, 2017,(26):1089-1104.
[8] SANTINI T C, FEY M V. From tailings to soil:long-term effects of amendments on progress and trajectory of soil formation and in situ remediation in bauxite residue[J]. J Soils Sediments, 2018, 18:1935-1949.
[9]王文杰,贺海升,祖元刚,等.施加改良剂对重度盐碱地盐碱动态及杨树生长的影响[J].生态学报, 2009, 29(5):2272-2278.
[10] SUN J N, YANG R Y, Li W X, et al. Effect of biochar amendment on water infiltration in a coastal saline soil[J]. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-018-2001-8.
[11] SEENIVASAN R, PRASATH V, MOHANRAJ R. Sodic Soil Reclamation in a Semi-Arid Region Involving Organic Amendments and Vegetative Remediation by Casuarina equsetifolia and Erianthus arundinaceus. Environ. Process., 2016, 3:431-449.
[12] DAY S J, NORTON J B, STROM C F, et al. Gypsum, langbeinite,sulfur, and compost for reclamation of drastically disturbed calcareous saline–sodic soils[J]. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-018-1671-5.
[13] DAI H C, CHEN Y Q, YANG X L, et al. The effect of different organic materials amendment on soil bacteria communities in barren sandy loam soil[J]. Environ Sci Pollut Res., 2017, 24:24019-24028.
[14]龙明杰,张宏伟,陈志泉,等.高聚物对土壤结构改良的研究Ⅲ.聚丙烯酰胺对赤红壤的改良研究[J].土壤通报, 2002, 33(1):9-13.
[15]武岩,红梅,林立龙,等. 3种土壤改良剂对河套灌区玉米田温室气体排放的影响[J].环境科学, 2018, 39(1):310-320.
[16]ΜOLLA A, IOANNOU Z, MOLLAS S, et al. Removal of chromium from soils cultivated with maize(Zea Mays)after the addition of natural minerals as soil amendments[J]. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol., 2017,98:347-352.
[17]邢世和,熊德中,周碧青,等.不同土壤改良剂对土壤生化性质与烤烟产量的影响.土壤通报, 2005, 36(1):72-75.
[18] YAZDANPANAH N, MAHMOODABADI M. Reclamation of calcareous saline-sodic soil using different amendments:Time changes of soluble cations in leachate[J]. Arab J Geosci., 2013, 6:2519-2528.
[19] SANTINI T C&FEY M V. From tailings to soil:long-term effects of amendments on progress and trajectory of soil formation and in situ remediation in bauxite residue[J]. J Soils Sediments, 2018, 18:1935-1949.
[20]王遵亲,祝寿泉,俞仁培,等.中国盐渍土[M].北京:科学出版社.1993.
[21]张俊华,孙兆军,贾科利,等.燃煤烟气脱硫废弃物及专用改良剂改良龟裂碱土的效果[J].西北农业学报, 2009, 18(5):208-212.
[22]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社.2000.
[23]朱经伟,张云贵,李志宏,等.不同土壤改良剂对整治烟田土壤团聚体组成的影响[J].南京农业大学学报, 2018, 41(2):341-348.
[24] FROUZ J, KRISTUFEK V, LIVECKOVA M, et al. Microbial properties of soil aggregates created by earthworms and other factors:spherical and prismatic soil aggregates from unreclaimed post-mining sites[J]. Folia Microbiologica, 2011, 56(1):36-43.
[25] LI B Z, GE T D, XIAO H A,et al. Phosphorus content as a function of soil aggregate size and paddy cultivation in highly weathered soils[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2016, 23(8):7494-7503.
[26]王卫华,李建波,张志鹏,等.覆膜滴灌条件下土壤改良剂对土壤导气率的影响[J].农业机械学报, 2015, 46(6):160-167.
[27] CLARK R B, RITCHEY K D, BALIGAR V C. Benefits and constraints for use of FGD products on agricultural land[J]. Fuel,2001, 80:821-828.
[28] FONTE S J, NESPER M, HEGGLIN D, et al. Pasture degradation impacts soil phosphorus storage via changes to aggregate-associated soil organic matter in highly weathered tropical soils[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 68, 2014, 150-157.
[29] SHAHID M, DUMAT C, SILVESTRE E, et al. Effect of fulvic acids on lead-induced oxidative stress to metal sensitive Vicia faba L. plant[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2012, 48(6):689-697.
[30] LUO J Q, WANG L L, LI Q S, et al. Improvement of hard saline–sodic soils using polymeric aluminum ferric sulfate(PAFS)[J]. Soil&Tillage Research, 2015, 149:12-20.
[31] SAKAI Y, MATSUMOTO S, SADAKATA M. Alkali soil reclamation with flue gas desulfurization gypsum in China and assessment of mental content in corn grains[J]. Soil Sediment Contamination, 2004,13(1):65-80.
[32]王斌,马兴旺,单娜娜,等.新疆盐碱地土壤改良剂的选择与应用[J].干旱区资源与环境, 2014, 28(7):111-115.
[33]杨宇,金强,卢国政,等.生化黄腐酸土壤改良剂对盐碱菜田土壤改良效果研究[J].安徽农业科学, 2010, 38(4):1931-1932.
[34]刘莉萍,刘兆普,隆小华. 2种盐土改良剂对苏北滨海盐碱土壤盐分及植物生长的影响[J].水土保持学报, 2014, 28(2):127-131, 153.
[35] SALLY L, MARKUS B, RAINER H. Quantifying and modeling soil structure dynamics[M]. Advancesinagric(quantifyingandm):2013, vii–ix:2163-2790.