阔叶红松林土壤木质素稳定性对氮添加和降水减少的响应
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摘要
氮沉降和降水变化可通过影响凋落物和细根的生物量和基质质量、化学元素组成等间接影响植物残体在土壤中的分解。本研究测定了施氮(NA)、减水(RP)和减水施氮(RP-NA) 3种处理和对照(CK)下长白山阔叶红松林凋落物、细根和土壤中有机碳含量、碳氮比和木质素酚类单体等指标。结果表明:3种处理下细根生物量均显著低于对照样地;细根、凋落物和全土的有机碳含量和碳氮比无显著变化;凋落物、细根和土壤中木质素单体均以香草基(V型)为主,相对于细根和全土,凋落物中明显含有较高比例的丁香基(S型)单体和较少的肉桂基(C型)单体;施氮、减水和减水施氮处理显著影响细根、凋落物和全土木质素含量,减水处理显著提高了凋落物的木质素总量,施氮处理显著降低了土壤中木质素总量; 3种处理下凋落物、细根和土壤木质素V型和S型酸醛比((Ad/Al)V和(Ad/Al)S)的值亦呈现了不同程度的变化,且全土与细根木质素的阿魏酸与对香豆酸单体比值(F/Ci)接近;施氮促进了细根木质素氧化而减水抑制了其降解,减水和减水施氮抑制了凋落物分解,而减水施氮处理下全土中木质素较稳定;全土木质素单体组成与细根相似。由此推测,环境变化对细根化学组成的改变可间接影响输入到土壤中的有机质化学组成,进一步影响有机质在土壤中的稳定固存。
Nitrogen( N) deposition and precipitation reduction can indirectly affect the degradation of plant residues in soil by modifying substrate quality of litters and fine roots. In this study,organic carbon( OC) content,C/N ratio,and lignin phenols in litters,fine roots and soil were measured under three treatments of N addition( NA),reducing precipitation( RP),RP + NA( RP-NA),and ambient condition( CK) in a broad-leaved Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountains. Biomass of fine roots under three treatments was significantly lower than that in the CK. There was no significant change in OC content and C/N in fine roots,litters and soil under NA and RP treatments. Lignin in litters,fine roots and soil mainly composed of V-type monomers. Compared to fine roots and soil,litters obviously had a higher proportion of S-type monomers and a lower proportion of C-type lignin. NA and RP significantly affected lignin content in fine roots,litters and soil. RP significantly increased the total amount of lignin in litter,whereas NA significantly reduced the total amount of soil lignin. The values of( Ad/Al)Vand( Ad/Al)Sof lignin in litters,fine roots and soil significantly changed under the three treatments compared to the CK. The ratio of ferulic acid to p-coumaric acid( F/Ci) in fine roots was approximate to that in soil. NA promoted the lignin oxidation of fine roots and RP inhibited its degradation. RP and RP-NA inhibited litter degradation,while the lignin was stable in soil under RP-NA. Our results suggest that nitrogen deposition and precipitation reduction would affect the chemical composition of fine roots,which indirectly change the chemical composition of organic matter into soil,and further influence the stability of soil organic matter.
Nitrogen( N) deposition and precipitation reduction can indirectly affect the degradation of plant residues in soil by modifying substrate quality of litters and fine roots. In this study,organic carbon( OC) content,C/N ratio,and lignin phenols in litters,fine roots and soil were measured under three treatments of N addition( NA),reducing precipitation( RP),RP + NA( RP-NA),and ambient condition( CK) in a broad-leaved Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountains. Biomass of fine roots under three treatments was significantly lower than that in the CK. There was no significant change in OC content and C/N in fine roots,litters and soil under NA and RP treatments. Lignin in litters,fine roots and soil mainly composed of V-type monomers. Compared to fine roots and soil,litters obviously had a higher proportion of S-type monomers and a lower proportion of C-type lignin. NA and RP significantly affected lignin content in fine roots,litters and soil. RP significantly increased the total amount of lignin in litter,whereas NA significantly reduced the total amount of soil lignin. The values of( Ad/Al)Vand( Ad/Al)Sof lignin in litters,fine roots and soil significantly changed under the three treatments compared to the CK. The ratio of ferulic acid to p-coumaric acid( F/Ci) in fine roots was approximate to that in soil. NA promoted the lignin oxidation of fine roots and RP inhibited its degradation. RP and RP-NA inhibited litter degradation,while the lignin was stable in soil under RP-NA. Our results suggest that nitrogen deposition and precipitation reduction would affect the chemical composition of fine roots,which indirectly change the chemical composition of organic matter into soil,and further influence the stability of soil organic matter.
引文
陈文庆,李鹏,张良恩,2009.林木细根分布规律与土壤水分响应关系研究.水土保持研究,16(6):92-96.
冯书珍,陈香碧,何寻阳,等.2015.长期施肥下亚热带典型农田(旱地)土壤木质素的积累特性.应用生态学报,26(1):93-100.
顾峰雪,黄玫,张远东,等.2016.氮输入对中国东北地区土壤碳蓄积的影响.生态学报,36(17):5379-5390.
郭大立,范萍萍.2007.关于氮有效性影响细根生产量和周转率的四个假说.应用生态学报,18(10):2354-2360.
廖畅,田秋香,汪东亚,等.2016.外源碳输入对中亚热带森林深层土壤碳矿化和微生物决策群落的影响.应用生态学报,27(9):2848-2854.
林成芳,郭剑芬,陈光水,等.2008.森林细根分解研究进展.生态学杂志,27(6):1029-1036.
刘宁,何红波,解宏图,等.2011.土壤中木质素的研究进展.土壤通报,42(4):991-996.
吕超群,田汉勤,黄耀.2007.陆地生态系统氮沉降增加的生态效应.植物生态学报,31(2):205-218.
王政权,郭大立.2008.根系生态学.植物生态学报,32(6):1213-1216.
英慧,殷有,于立忠,等.2010.土壤水分、养分对树木细根生长动态及周转影响研究进展.西北林学院学报,25(3):36-42.
Axelsson G,Berg B.1988.Fixation of ammonia(15N)to Scots pine needle litter in different stages of decomposition.Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research,3:273-279.
Bugg TD,Ahmad M,Hardiman EM,et al.2011.The emerging role for bacteria in lignin degradation and bio-product formation.Current Opinion in Biotechnology,22:394-400.
Campbell EE,Parton WJ,Soong JL,et al.2016.Using litter chemistry controls on microbial processes to partition litter carbon fluxes with the Litter Decomposition and Leaching(LIDEL)model.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,100:160-174.
Carrington EM,Hernes PJ,Dyda RY,et al.2012.Biochemical changes across a carbon saturation gradient:Lignin,cutin,and suberin decomposition and stabilization in fractionated carbon pools.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,47:179-190.
Chen ZJ,Geng SC,Zhang JH,et al.2017.Addition of nitrogen enhances stability of soil organic matter in a temperate forest.European Journal of Soil Science,68:189-199.
Cisneros-Dozal LM,Trumbore S,Hanson,PJ,et al.2006.Partitioning sources of soil-respired CO2and their seasonal variation using a unique radiocarbon tracer.Global Change Biology,12:194-204.
Cotrufo MF,Soong JL,Horton AJ,et al.2015.Formation of soil organic matter via biochemical and physical pathways of litter mass loss.Nature Geoscience,10:776-779.
Dignac MF,Kogel-Knabner I,Michel K,et al.2015.Chemistry of soil organic matter as related to C∶N in Norway spruce forest(Picea abies(L.)Karst.)floors and mineral soils.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,165:281-289.
Feng XJ,Simpson MJ,2007.The distribution and degradation of biomarkers in Alberta grassland soil profiles.Organic Geochemistry,38:1558-1570.
Gill RA,Jackson RB.2000.Global patterns of root turnover for terrestrial ecosystems.New Phytologist,147:13-31.
Hall SJ,Silver WL,Timokhin VI,et al.2015.Lignin decomposition is sustained under fluctuating redox conditions in humid tropical forest soils.Global Change Biology,7:2818-2828.
Kuzyakov Y.2010.Priming effects:Interactions between living and dead organic matter.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,42:1363-1371.
Leuschner C,Hertel D.2003.Fine root biomass of temperate forests in relation to soil acidity and fertility,climate,age and species//Esser K,Luttge U,eds.Progress in Botany:405-438.
Liu J,Wu NN,Wang H,et al.2016.Nitrogen addition affects chemical compositions of plant tissues,litter and soil organic matter.Ecology,97:1796-1806.
Liu XJ,Zhang Y,Han W,et al.2013.Enhanced nitrogen deposition over China.Nature,494:459-462.
Mei L,Gu JC,Zhang ZW,et al.2010.Responses of fine root mass,length,production and turnover to soil nitrogen fertilization in Larix gmelinii and Fraxinus mandshurica forests in Northeastern China.Journal of Forest Research,15:194-201.
Meier IC,Leuschner C.2008.Genotypic variation and phenotypic plasticity in the drought response of fine roots of European beech.Tree Physiology,28:297-309.
Michael A,Annelise K.2004.Microbial enzyme activities in leaf litter,humus and mineral soil layers of European forests.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,36:1527-1537.
Nadelhoffer KJ.2000.Research review:The potential effects of nitrogen deposition on fine-root production in forest ecosystems.New Phytologist,147:131-139.
Olivier D,Marie-France D,Djukic I,et al.2014.Lignin decomposition along an alpine elevation gradient in relation to physicochemical and soil microbial parameters.Global Change Biology,20:2272-2285.
Otto A,Shunthirasingham C,Simpson MJ.2005.A comparison of plant and microbial biomarkers in grassland soils from the Prairie Ecozone of Canada.Organic Geochemistry,36:425-448.
Otto A,Simpson MJ.2006.Sources and composition of hydrolysable aliphatic lipids and phenols in soils from western Canada.Organic Geochemistry.37:385-407.
Piao SL,Ciais P,Huang Y,et al.2010.The impacts of climate change on precipitation resources and agriculture in China.Nature,467:43-51.
Rasse DP,Dignac MF,Bahri H,et al.2006.Lignin turnover in an agricultural field:From plant residues to soil-protected fractions.European Journal of Soil Science,57:530-538.
Sjberg G,Bergkvist B,Berggren D,et al.2003.Long-term Naddition effects on the C mineralization and DOC production in mor humus under spruce.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,35:1305-1315.
Su YL,Xian H,Shi SJ,et al.2016.Biodegradation of lignin and nicotine with white rot fungi for the delignification and detoxification of tobacco stalk.BMC Biotechnology,16:81.
Sui X,Feng F,Lou X,et al.2013.Effects of Birch forest at different developmental stages on soil microorganism community structure.Journal of Bionanoscience,7:78-83.
Thevenot M,Dignac MF,Rumpel C.2010.Fate of lignins in soils:A review.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,42:1200-1211.
Tian Q,Yang X,Wang X,et al.2016.Microbial community mediated response of organic carbon mineralization to labile carbon and nitrogen addition in topsoil and subsoil.Biogeochemistry,128:125-139.
Vogt KA,Grier CC,Vogt DJ.1986.Production,turnover,and nutrient dynamics of above-and belowground detritus of world forests.Advances in Ecological Research,15:303-377.
Wang CG,Han SJ,Zhou YM,et al.2012.Responses of fine roots and soil N availability to short-term nitrogen fertilization in a broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest in Northeastern China.PLo S ONE,7:e31042.
Wang X,Tian Q,Li Q,et al.2018.Lignin characteristics in soil profiles in different plant communities in a subtropical mixed forest.Journal of Plant Ecology,11:560-568.
Weltzin JF,Loik ME,Schwinning S,et al.2003.Assessing the response of terrestrial ecosystems to potential changes in precipitation.Bioscience,53:941-952.
Whittinghill KA,Currie WS,Zak DR,et al.2012.Anthropogenic N deposition increases soil C storage by decreasing the extent of litter decay:Analysis of field observations with an ecosystem model.Ecosystems,15:450-461.
Wu NN,Filley TR,Bai E,et al.2015.Incipient changes of lignin and substituted fatty acids under N addition in a Chinese forest soil.Organic Geochemistry,79:14-20.
Zhou Y,Tang J,Melillo JM,et al.2011.Root standing crop and chemistry after six years of soil warming in a temperate forest.Tree Physiology,31:707-717.
冯书珍,陈香碧,何寻阳,等.2015.长期施肥下亚热带典型农田(旱地)土壤木质素的积累特性.应用生态学报,26(1):93-100.
顾峰雪,黄玫,张远东,等.2016.氮输入对中国东北地区土壤碳蓄积的影响.生态学报,36(17):5379-5390.
郭大立,范萍萍.2007.关于氮有效性影响细根生产量和周转率的四个假说.应用生态学报,18(10):2354-2360.
廖畅,田秋香,汪东亚,等.2016.外源碳输入对中亚热带森林深层土壤碳矿化和微生物决策群落的影响.应用生态学报,27(9):2848-2854.
林成芳,郭剑芬,陈光水,等.2008.森林细根分解研究进展.生态学杂志,27(6):1029-1036.
刘宁,何红波,解宏图,等.2011.土壤中木质素的研究进展.土壤通报,42(4):991-996.
吕超群,田汉勤,黄耀.2007.陆地生态系统氮沉降增加的生态效应.植物生态学报,31(2):205-218.
王政权,郭大立.2008.根系生态学.植物生态学报,32(6):1213-1216.
英慧,殷有,于立忠,等.2010.土壤水分、养分对树木细根生长动态及周转影响研究进展.西北林学院学报,25(3):36-42.
Axelsson G,Berg B.1988.Fixation of ammonia(15N)to Scots pine needle litter in different stages of decomposition.Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research,3:273-279.
Bugg TD,Ahmad M,Hardiman EM,et al.2011.The emerging role for bacteria in lignin degradation and bio-product formation.Current Opinion in Biotechnology,22:394-400.
Campbell EE,Parton WJ,Soong JL,et al.2016.Using litter chemistry controls on microbial processes to partition litter carbon fluxes with the Litter Decomposition and Leaching(LIDEL)model.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,100:160-174.
Carrington EM,Hernes PJ,Dyda RY,et al.2012.Biochemical changes across a carbon saturation gradient:Lignin,cutin,and suberin decomposition and stabilization in fractionated carbon pools.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,47:179-190.
Chen ZJ,Geng SC,Zhang JH,et al.2017.Addition of nitrogen enhances stability of soil organic matter in a temperate forest.European Journal of Soil Science,68:189-199.
Cisneros-Dozal LM,Trumbore S,Hanson,PJ,et al.2006.Partitioning sources of soil-respired CO2and their seasonal variation using a unique radiocarbon tracer.Global Change Biology,12:194-204.
Cotrufo MF,Soong JL,Horton AJ,et al.2015.Formation of soil organic matter via biochemical and physical pathways of litter mass loss.Nature Geoscience,10:776-779.
Dignac MF,Kogel-Knabner I,Michel K,et al.2015.Chemistry of soil organic matter as related to C∶N in Norway spruce forest(Picea abies(L.)Karst.)floors and mineral soils.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,165:281-289.
Feng XJ,Simpson MJ,2007.The distribution and degradation of biomarkers in Alberta grassland soil profiles.Organic Geochemistry,38:1558-1570.
Gill RA,Jackson RB.2000.Global patterns of root turnover for terrestrial ecosystems.New Phytologist,147:13-31.
Hall SJ,Silver WL,Timokhin VI,et al.2015.Lignin decomposition is sustained under fluctuating redox conditions in humid tropical forest soils.Global Change Biology,7:2818-2828.
Kuzyakov Y.2010.Priming effects:Interactions between living and dead organic matter.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,42:1363-1371.
Leuschner C,Hertel D.2003.Fine root biomass of temperate forests in relation to soil acidity and fertility,climate,age and species//Esser K,Luttge U,eds.Progress in Botany:405-438.
Liu J,Wu NN,Wang H,et al.2016.Nitrogen addition affects chemical compositions of plant tissues,litter and soil organic matter.Ecology,97:1796-1806.
Liu XJ,Zhang Y,Han W,et al.2013.Enhanced nitrogen deposition over China.Nature,494:459-462.
Mei L,Gu JC,Zhang ZW,et al.2010.Responses of fine root mass,length,production and turnover to soil nitrogen fertilization in Larix gmelinii and Fraxinus mandshurica forests in Northeastern China.Journal of Forest Research,15:194-201.
Meier IC,Leuschner C.2008.Genotypic variation and phenotypic plasticity in the drought response of fine roots of European beech.Tree Physiology,28:297-309.
Michael A,Annelise K.2004.Microbial enzyme activities in leaf litter,humus and mineral soil layers of European forests.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,36:1527-1537.
Nadelhoffer KJ.2000.Research review:The potential effects of nitrogen deposition on fine-root production in forest ecosystems.New Phytologist,147:131-139.
Olivier D,Marie-France D,Djukic I,et al.2014.Lignin decomposition along an alpine elevation gradient in relation to physicochemical and soil microbial parameters.Global Change Biology,20:2272-2285.
Otto A,Shunthirasingham C,Simpson MJ.2005.A comparison of plant and microbial biomarkers in grassland soils from the Prairie Ecozone of Canada.Organic Geochemistry,36:425-448.
Otto A,Simpson MJ.2006.Sources and composition of hydrolysable aliphatic lipids and phenols in soils from western Canada.Organic Geochemistry.37:385-407.
Piao SL,Ciais P,Huang Y,et al.2010.The impacts of climate change on precipitation resources and agriculture in China.Nature,467:43-51.
Rasse DP,Dignac MF,Bahri H,et al.2006.Lignin turnover in an agricultural field:From plant residues to soil-protected fractions.European Journal of Soil Science,57:530-538.
Sjberg G,Bergkvist B,Berggren D,et al.2003.Long-term Naddition effects on the C mineralization and DOC production in mor humus under spruce.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,35:1305-1315.
Su YL,Xian H,Shi SJ,et al.2016.Biodegradation of lignin and nicotine with white rot fungi for the delignification and detoxification of tobacco stalk.BMC Biotechnology,16:81.
Sui X,Feng F,Lou X,et al.2013.Effects of Birch forest at different developmental stages on soil microorganism community structure.Journal of Bionanoscience,7:78-83.
Thevenot M,Dignac MF,Rumpel C.2010.Fate of lignins in soils:A review.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,42:1200-1211.
Tian Q,Yang X,Wang X,et al.2016.Microbial community mediated response of organic carbon mineralization to labile carbon and nitrogen addition in topsoil and subsoil.Biogeochemistry,128:125-139.
Vogt KA,Grier CC,Vogt DJ.1986.Production,turnover,and nutrient dynamics of above-and belowground detritus of world forests.Advances in Ecological Research,15:303-377.
Wang CG,Han SJ,Zhou YM,et al.2012.Responses of fine roots and soil N availability to short-term nitrogen fertilization in a broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest in Northeastern China.PLo S ONE,7:e31042.
Wang X,Tian Q,Li Q,et al.2018.Lignin characteristics in soil profiles in different plant communities in a subtropical mixed forest.Journal of Plant Ecology,11:560-568.
Weltzin JF,Loik ME,Schwinning S,et al.2003.Assessing the response of terrestrial ecosystems to potential changes in precipitation.Bioscience,53:941-952.
Whittinghill KA,Currie WS,Zak DR,et al.2012.Anthropogenic N deposition increases soil C storage by decreasing the extent of litter decay:Analysis of field observations with an ecosystem model.Ecosystems,15:450-461.
Wu NN,Filley TR,Bai E,et al.2015.Incipient changes of lignin and substituted fatty acids under N addition in a Chinese forest soil.Organic Geochemistry,79:14-20.
Zhou Y,Tang J,Melillo JM,et al.2011.Root standing crop and chemistry after six years of soil warming in a temperate forest.Tree Physiology,31:707-717.