集体林地征占用法律与事实的差异化分析
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摘要
不同法律对林地征占用的表述不尽一致,由于政策执行不力,不可避免地造成了现行林地征占用法律与实践操作有偏差,极大地损害了林农在林地征收中的合法权益。文章借鉴Barzel和Demsetz的产权不完全界定理论,通过对"公共领域"概念进行拓展,揭示集体林地征占用法律与事实差异的深层次原因,探讨当前林地征占用实践所面临的困境,为制定和规范林地征占用法律政策提供一个基本方向。在此基础上,明确今后应进一步完善法律制度、完善征地补偿机制、健全法律法规、规范林地征收程序,保障被征林地农户的基本权益。
The statutory statements differ on forestland requisition and occupation amongst laws, unthorough implementation of policies have led to an inevitable inconsistency of current laws regarding forestland requisition and occupation with practical enforcement, grievously undermining the lawful rights of forest farmers in an requisition and occupation situation. The paper drew from the incomplete demarcation theories of property rights created by Barzel and Demsetz and made a further discussion of the notion of"public field", in a way to lay bare the underlying causes for the discrepancy between laws regarding collective forestland requisition and occupation and practical enforcement, discussed the plight faced by the enforcement of forestland requisition and occupation and also provided a basic direction from which such requisition and occupation laws should be established and regulated. Upon this, It is clearly specified that we should step forward to perfect the law and mechanism,to complete the mechanism for requisition compensation,to improve relevant laws and regulations, to set up standards in forestland requisition processes, to secure the basic rights and interests of farmers whose land has been requisitioned.
The statutory statements differ on forestland requisition and occupation amongst laws, unthorough implementation of policies have led to an inevitable inconsistency of current laws regarding forestland requisition and occupation with practical enforcement, grievously undermining the lawful rights of forest farmers in an requisition and occupation situation. The paper drew from the incomplete demarcation theories of property rights created by Barzel and Demsetz and made a further discussion of the notion of"public field", in a way to lay bare the underlying causes for the discrepancy between laws regarding collective forestland requisition and occupation and practical enforcement, discussed the plight faced by the enforcement of forestland requisition and occupation and also provided a basic direction from which such requisition and occupation laws should be established and regulated. Upon this, It is clearly specified that we should step forward to perfect the law and mechanism,to complete the mechanism for requisition compensation,to improve relevant laws and regulations, to set up standards in forestland requisition processes, to secure the basic rights and interests of farmers whose land has been requisitioned.
引文
陈利根，李宁，龙开胜.产权不完全界定研究:一个公共域的分析框架[J].云南财经大学学报,2013(4):12~20
菲吕博腾，配杰威齐.产权与经济理论:近期文献的一个综述[C].∥科斯，阿尔钦，诺斯等编著.财产权利与制度变迁[M].上海:上海三联书店,1994:201~248
吉登艳，马贤磊，石晓平.林地产权对农户林地投资行为的影响研究:基于产权完整性与安全性--以江西省遂川县与丰城市为例[J].农业经济问题,2015(3):54~61
李宁,陈利根,龙开胜.农村宅基地产权制度研究--不完全产权与主体行为关系的分析视角[J].公共管理学报，2014,11(1):39~54,139
罗必良.农地产权模糊化:一个概念性框架及其解释[J].学术研究，2011(12):48~56
罗必良.农地经营规模的效率决定[J].中国农村观察，2005(5):18~24
思拉恩.埃格特森.新制度经济学[M].吴经邦译.北京:商务印书馆，1996
王洪.作为不完全契约的产权:一个注释[J].改革，2000(5):53~57
吴冬娟.林地征占用地方政府行为研究[D].福建农林大学,2012
徐晋涛，孙妍，姜雪梅等.我国集体林区林权制度改革模式和绩效分析[J].林业经济，2008(9):27~38
杨帅，温铁军.经济波动、财税体制变迁与土地资源资本化--对中国改革开放以来“三次圈地”相关问题的实证分析[J].管理世界，2010(4):32~41
杨小凯.新兴古典经济学与超边际分析[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社，2003:160~162
易军.关系、规范与纠纷解决：以中国社会中的非正式制度为对象[M].宁夏人民出版社，2009
张成福，党秀云.公共政策执行的低效率分析[J].行政论坛,1996(6):3~5
张峰.产权残缺与利益公共补偿基于市场与政府职能边界的理论探讨[J].中南财经政法大学学报，2010(4):38~44
郑和平,段龙龙.中国农村土地产权权能弱化论析[J].四川大学学报（哲学社会科学版），2013(6):108~115
周华.我国林地征收中林农权益的法律保障探析[J].改革与战略，2015,31(8):81~85
周珂，侯佳儒.论林农合法权益保护[J].法学杂志，2006(2):76~79
周雪光.“关系产权”:产权制度的一个社会学解释[J].社会学研究，2005(2):1~31
Alchian A.and Kessel,R.Competition,Monopoly,and the Pursuit of Money[A].In National Bureau of Economic Research.Aspects of Labor Economics[M].Princeton University Press,1962
Barzel,Yoram.A Theory of Rationing by Waiting[J].Journal of Law 36 and Economics,1974(1):73~96
Barzel,Yoram.An Economic Analysis of Slavery[J].Journal of Law and Economics,1977(2):111~134
Barzel,Yoram.Economic Analysis of Property Rights[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1989
Harold Demsetz.Toward a Theory of property rights[J].American Economic Review,1967(2):347~356
Harold Demsetz.Toward a Theory of Property Rights II:The Competition between Private and Collective Ownership[J].Journal of legal Studies,2002,31(2):5653~5752
Ma X.,Heerink N.,Ierland E.,et al.Impact of tenure security and trust on land rental market development in rural China[C].Collected in Annual World Bank Conference on Land and Poverty,Washington,D.C.,March 2015:23~27
菲吕博腾，配杰威齐.产权与经济理论:近期文献的一个综述[C].∥科斯，阿尔钦，诺斯等编著.财产权利与制度变迁[M].上海:上海三联书店,1994:201~248
吉登艳，马贤磊，石晓平.林地产权对农户林地投资行为的影响研究:基于产权完整性与安全性--以江西省遂川县与丰城市为例[J].农业经济问题,2015(3):54~61
李宁,陈利根,龙开胜.农村宅基地产权制度研究--不完全产权与主体行为关系的分析视角[J].公共管理学报，2014,11(1):39~54,139
罗必良.农地产权模糊化:一个概念性框架及其解释[J].学术研究，2011(12):48~56
罗必良.农地经营规模的效率决定[J].中国农村观察，2005(5):18~24
思拉恩.埃格特森.新制度经济学[M].吴经邦译.北京:商务印书馆，1996
王洪.作为不完全契约的产权:一个注释[J].改革，2000(5):53~57
吴冬娟.林地征占用地方政府行为研究[D].福建农林大学,2012
徐晋涛，孙妍，姜雪梅等.我国集体林区林权制度改革模式和绩效分析[J].林业经济，2008(9):27~38
杨帅，温铁军.经济波动、财税体制变迁与土地资源资本化--对中国改革开放以来“三次圈地”相关问题的实证分析[J].管理世界，2010(4):32~41
杨小凯.新兴古典经济学与超边际分析[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社，2003:160~162
易军.关系、规范与纠纷解决：以中国社会中的非正式制度为对象[M].宁夏人民出版社，2009
张成福，党秀云.公共政策执行的低效率分析[J].行政论坛,1996(6):3~5
张峰.产权残缺与利益公共补偿基于市场与政府职能边界的理论探讨[J].中南财经政法大学学报，2010(4):38~44
郑和平,段龙龙.中国农村土地产权权能弱化论析[J].四川大学学报（哲学社会科学版），2013(6):108~115
周华.我国林地征收中林农权益的法律保障探析[J].改革与战略，2015,31(8):81~85
周珂，侯佳儒.论林农合法权益保护[J].法学杂志，2006(2):76~79
周雪光.“关系产权”:产权制度的一个社会学解释[J].社会学研究，2005(2):1~31
Alchian A.and Kessel,R.Competition,Monopoly,and the Pursuit of Money[A].In National Bureau of Economic Research.Aspects of Labor Economics[M].Princeton University Press,1962
Barzel,Yoram.A Theory of Rationing by Waiting[J].Journal of Law 36 and Economics,1974(1):73~96
Barzel,Yoram.An Economic Analysis of Slavery[J].Journal of Law and Economics,1977(2):111~134
Barzel,Yoram.Economic Analysis of Property Rights[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1989
Harold Demsetz.Toward a Theory of property rights[J].American Economic Review,1967(2):347~356
Harold Demsetz.Toward a Theory of Property Rights II:The Competition between Private and Collective Ownership[J].Journal of legal Studies,2002,31(2):5653~5752
Ma X.,Heerink N.,Ierland E.,et al.Impact of tenure security and trust on land rental market development in rural China[C].Collected in Annual World Bank Conference on Land and Poverty,Washington,D.C.,March 2015:23~27