遮阴和不同形态氮素施肥对红松幼苗生长的影响
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摘要
为确定在光照不足的环境下植物生长是否受氮素形态的影响,以红松幼苗为材料,研究在全光照(100%透光)和遮阴(20%透光)条件下不同形态氮素施肥对其生长的影响。结果表明:遮阴导致红松幼苗的苗高生长量、地径生长量、主根长、根体积、地上部分生物量、地下部分生物量以及全株生物量均显著降低,与全光照相比,各指标下降比例在27%～54%之间。施氮肥显著地促进了红松幼苗的苗高生长量、主根长、根体积和生物量(主要是地上部分生物量)的增加,但施用无机氮与施用有机氮的促进效果没有显著差异。红松幼苗的根体积对遮阴处理的生长响应受到氮素形态的影响,在全光照条件下,施用无机氮促进幼苗根体积增加显著,但在遮阴条件下,这种促进效果与有机氮没有明显差异。
In order to determine whether plant growth was affected by nitrogen form under the condition of insufficient light,the effects of different forms of nitrogen fertilization on the growth of Korean pine seedlings were studied under full light( 100% light transmission) and shading( 20% light transmission). The results showed that the seedling height growth,root collar diameter growth,root length,root volume,aboveground biomass,underground biomass and whole plant biomass of Pinus koraiensis seedlings were significantly reduced by shading,compared with full light,ranging from 27% to 54%. Nitrogen application significantly promoted the growth of seedling height,root length,root volume and biomass( mainly above-ground biomass) of Pinus koraiensis seedlings,but there was no significant difference between the application of inorganic nitrogen and the application of organic nitrogen. The growth response of root volume of Pinus koraiensis seedlings to shading was affected by nitrogen forms. Under the condition of full light,the application of inorganic nitrogen promoted the increase of root volume of seedlings significantly,but under shading conditions,the effect of applying inorganic nitrogen to promote the increase of root volume of seedlings was not significantly different from that of organic nitrogen.
In order to determine whether plant growth was affected by nitrogen form under the condition of insufficient light,the effects of different forms of nitrogen fertilization on the growth of Korean pine seedlings were studied under full light( 100% light transmission) and shading( 20% light transmission). The results showed that the seedling height growth,root collar diameter growth,root length,root volume,aboveground biomass,underground biomass and whole plant biomass of Pinus koraiensis seedlings were significantly reduced by shading,compared with full light,ranging from 27% to 54%. Nitrogen application significantly promoted the growth of seedling height,root length,root volume and biomass( mainly above-ground biomass) of Pinus koraiensis seedlings,but there was no significant difference between the application of inorganic nitrogen and the application of organic nitrogen. The growth response of root volume of Pinus koraiensis seedlings to shading was affected by nitrogen forms. Under the condition of full light,the application of inorganic nitrogen promoted the increase of root volume of seedlings significantly,but under shading conditions,the effect of applying inorganic nitrogen to promote the increase of root volume of seedlings was not significantly different from that of organic nitrogen.
引文
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[13] RAAB T K,LIPSON D A,MONSON R K. Soil amino acid utilization among species of the cyperaceae:plant and soil processes[J]. Ecology,1999,80(7):2408-2419.
[14] XU X,HUA O,KUZYAKOY Y,et al. Significance of organic nitrogen acquisition for dominant plant species in an alpine meadow on the Tibet plateau,China[J]. Plant&Soil,2006,285(1/2):221-231.
[15] ZERIAUN A,MCKENZIE B A,MORTON J D. Photosynthate costs associated with the utilization of different nitrogen-forms:influence on the carbon balance of plants and shoot-root biomass partitioning[J]. New Phytologist,1998,138(1):1-11.
[16] FRANKLIN O,CAMBUI C A,GRUFFMAN L,et al. The carbon bonus of organic nitrogen enhances nitrogen use efficiency of plants[J]. Plant Cell&Environment,2017,40(1):25-35.
[17] GRUFFMAN L,PALMROTH S,NASHOLM T. Organic nitrogen uptake of Scots pine seedlings is independent of current carbohydrate supply[J]. Tree Physiology,2013,33(6):590-600.
[18]张烁,张宇,吴海波,等.不同形态氮素施肥对小黑杨幼苗生长的影响[J].植物研究,2018,38(3):384-390.ZHANG S,ZHANG Y,WU H B,et al. Effects of different forms of nitrogen fertilization on the growth of Populus simonii×Populus nigra seedings[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research,2018,38(3):384-390.
[2] WAKSMAN S A. Principles of soil microbiology[J]. Principles of Soil Microbiology,1931.
[3] VIRTANEN A I,LINKOLA H. Organic nitrogen compounds as nitrogen nutrition for higher plants[J]. Nature, 1946, 158(4015):515.
[4] MIETTINEN J K. Assimilation of amino acids in higher plants[C].Symposium,1959,13:210-230.
[5] BRAY C M. Nitrogen metabolism in plants[M]. Oxford:Clarendon Press,1983.
[6] MORI S,NISHIZAWA N,UCHINO H,et al. Utilization of organic nitrogen as the sole source of nitrogen for barley[J]. Journal of the Science of Soil and Manure,1977,48(8):332-337.
[7] NASHOLM T,KIELLAND K,GANETEG U. Uptake of organic nitrogen by plants[J]. New Phytologist,2009,182(1):31-48.
[8]张泽彦,魏红义,马建文,等.不同土地利用类型对土壤氮素的影响[J].林业科技,2019,44(2):28-30.ZHANG Z Y,WEI H Y,MA J W,et al. Effects on soil nitrogen content from different land use types[J]. Forestry Science&Technology,2019,44(2):28-30.
[9] CHAPIN F S,MOILANEN L,KIELLAND K. Preferential use of organic nitrogen for growth by a non-mycorrhizal arctic sedge[J].Nature,1993,361(6408):150-153.
[10] NASHOLM T,HOGBERG P,FRANKLIN O,et al. Are ectomycorrhizal fungi alleviating or aggravating nitrogen limitation of tree growth in boreal forests?[J]. New Phytologist,2013,198(1):214-221.
[11] LI C,LI Q,QIAO N,et al. Inorganic and organic nitrogen uptake by nine dominant subtropical tree species[J]. Iforest-Biogeosciences and Forestry,2016,9(2):253-258.
[12] LIU M,LI C,XU X,et al. Organic and inorganic nitrogen uptake by 21 dominant tree species in temperate and tropical forests[J]. Tree Physiology,2017,37(11):1515-1526.
[13] RAAB T K,LIPSON D A,MONSON R K. Soil amino acid utilization among species of the cyperaceae:plant and soil processes[J]. Ecology,1999,80(7):2408-2419.
[14] XU X,HUA O,KUZYAKOY Y,et al. Significance of organic nitrogen acquisition for dominant plant species in an alpine meadow on the Tibet plateau,China[J]. Plant&Soil,2006,285(1/2):221-231.
[15] ZERIAUN A,MCKENZIE B A,MORTON J D. Photosynthate costs associated with the utilization of different nitrogen-forms:influence on the carbon balance of plants and shoot-root biomass partitioning[J]. New Phytologist,1998,138(1):1-11.
[16] FRANKLIN O,CAMBUI C A,GRUFFMAN L,et al. The carbon bonus of organic nitrogen enhances nitrogen use efficiency of plants[J]. Plant Cell&Environment,2017,40(1):25-35.
[17] GRUFFMAN L,PALMROTH S,NASHOLM T. Organic nitrogen uptake of Scots pine seedlings is independent of current carbohydrate supply[J]. Tree Physiology,2013,33(6):590-600.
[18]张烁,张宇,吴海波,等.不同形态氮素施肥对小黑杨幼苗生长的影响[J].植物研究,2018,38(3):384-390.ZHANG S,ZHANG Y,WU H B,et al. Effects of different forms of nitrogen fertilization on the growth of Populus simonii×Populus nigra seedings[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research,2018,38(3):384-390.