施氮对白刺灌木幼苗生长的影响
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摘要
通过4种浓度氮素处理,对唐古特白刺的形态特性及生物量分配等方面进行研究,探讨施氮对唐古特白刺表型可塑性的影响。结果表明:1)一定浓度范围内的氮素有利于白刺生长,施用氮素后白刺的株高、基径、比叶面积、新枝数及生物量等指标均有所增加,但随施氮浓度的增加,部分指标呈现出先增加后降低的趋势。2)当施氮浓度为36 mmol·L~(-1)时,白刺叶片干重和比叶面积增加幅度最显著(P<0.05),分别达1.14 g、196.17 cm~2·g~(-1),较不施氮处理增加48.05%和49.93%;当氮添加浓度为60 mmol·L~(-1)时,白刺根总干重已显著低于无氮添加处理(P<0.05),此时根总干重仅为不施氮处理的59.54%。3)白刺根茎叶分配比例虽施氮浓度变化有所调整,其叶片分配比例和茎分配比例增加,根系分配比例和根冠比降低,60 mmol·L~(-1)的氮添加对根系分配比例和根冠比的抑制作用最严重。并非浓度越高的氮素对白刺生长越有利。
In order to study the phenotypic plasticity of Nitraria tangutorum,under the different nitrogen additions,the morphology characteristics and biomass of N.tangutorum were studied.The results showed that 1) nitrogen concentration in certain range was beneficial to the growth of N.tangutorum seedlings.The plant height,basal diameter,specific leaf area,number of new branches and seedling biomass increased after nitrogen application.With the increase of nitrogen concentration,some indexes showed trended to increase first and then to decrease.2) When the nitrogen concentration was 36 mmol·L~(-1),the leaf dry weight and specific leaf area increased significantly(P<0.05),reaching 1.14 g and 196.17 cm~2·g~(-1) respectively,accounted for 48.05% and 49.93%,respectively,compared with those of the control(no nitrogen addition).When the nitrogen concentration was 60 mmol·L~(-1),the total dry weight of root was significantly lower than that of the the control(P<0.05),and the total dry weight of root was only 59.54% of the control.3) The ratio of the growth among different organs changed with nitrogen addition.The ratios of leaf and stem growth increased with nitrogen addition,while the growth of root and root shoot decreased.The nitrogen addition of 60 mmol·L~(-1) had the most serious inhibitory effect on root distribution ratio and root shoot ratio.In short,the growth status of N.tangutorum seedlings was not directly proportional to the nitrogen concentration.
In order to study the phenotypic plasticity of Nitraria tangutorum,under the different nitrogen additions,the morphology characteristics and biomass of N.tangutorum were studied.The results showed that 1) nitrogen concentration in certain range was beneficial to the growth of N.tangutorum seedlings.The plant height,basal diameter,specific leaf area,number of new branches and seedling biomass increased after nitrogen application.With the increase of nitrogen concentration,some indexes showed trended to increase first and then to decrease.2) When the nitrogen concentration was 36 mmol·L~(-1),the leaf dry weight and specific leaf area increased significantly(P<0.05),reaching 1.14 g and 196.17 cm~2·g~(-1) respectively,accounted for 48.05% and 49.93%,respectively,compared with those of the control(no nitrogen addition).When the nitrogen concentration was 60 mmol·L~(-1),the total dry weight of root was significantly lower than that of the the control(P<0.05),and the total dry weight of root was only 59.54% of the control.3) The ratio of the growth among different organs changed with nitrogen addition.The ratios of leaf and stem growth increased with nitrogen addition,while the growth of root and root shoot decreased.The nitrogen addition of 60 mmol·L~(-1) had the most serious inhibitory effect on root distribution ratio and root shoot ratio.In short,the growth status of N.tangutorum seedlings was not directly proportional to the nitrogen concentration.
引文
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[17] 姜琳琳,韩立思,韩晓日,等.氮素对玉米幼苗生长、根系形态及氮素吸收利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(1):247-253.
[18] YIN L,HU T X,LIU Y A,et al.Effect of drought stress on photosynthetic characteristics and growth of Jatropha curcas seedlings under different nitrogen levels[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2010,21(3):569-576.
[19] LIU D,PIAO S L,ZHENG X X,et al.Effects of drought stress and N rate on growth and physiological characters of flue cured tobacco[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural Sciences,2008,33(2):29-31,52.
[20] XU N,ZHANG H H,ZHU W X,et al.Effects of nitrogen from on seedling growth and its photosynthetic characteristics of forage mulberry[J].Pratacultural Science,2012,29(10):1574-1580.
[21] 吕豪豪,马晓东,张瑞群,等.水分胁迫下不同氮素对多枝柽柳幼苗生长及生理的影响[J].草业学报,2016,25(9):54-63.Lü H H,MA X D,ZHANG R Q,et al.Effects of different forms of nitrogen on the growth and physiology of Tamarix ramosissima seedlings under water stress[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2016,25(9):54-63.(in Chinese)
[22] XUE L,CAO H.Changes of leaf traits of plants under stress resistance[J].Ecologu and Anvironment,2010,19(8):2004-2009.
[23] 高君亮,罗凤敏,赵英铭,等.乌兰布和沙漠绿洲3种杨树比叶面积和叶干物质含量研究[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(1):15-20.GAO J L,LUO F M,ZHAO Y M,et al.Specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content of three kinds of poplar in ulanbuh desert oasis[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2016,31(1):15-20.(in Chinese)
[24] 王劲松,焦晓燕,丁玉川,等.粒用高粱养分吸收、产量及品质对氮磷钾营养的响应[J].作物学报,2015,41(8):1269-1278.
[25] 倪玉琼,张强.不同施氮量对高粱产量及植株养分积累的影响[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(5):95-100.
[26] 王友华,许海涛,许波,等.施用氮肥对玉米产量构成因素及其根系生长的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2010(3):55-57.
[27] 李轩然,刘琪璟,蔡哲,等.千烟洲针叶林的比叶面积及叶面积指数[J].植物生态学报,2007,31(1):93-101.
[28] SHIPLEY B,ALMEIDA C J.Interspecific consistency and intraspecific variability of s pecific Leaf area with respect to irradiance and nutrition variability[J].Ecology Science,2003,10:74-79.
[29] 陈海军.荒漠草原主要植物种群繁殖性状及化学计量特征对载畜率的响应[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2011.
[30] 张景光,王新平,李新荣,等.荒漠植物生活史对策研究进展与展望[J].中国沙漠,2008,25(3):306-314.
[31] 任海彦,郑淑霞,白永飞.放牧对内蒙古锡林河流域草地群落植物茎叶生物量资源分配的影响[J].植物生态学报,2009,33(6):1065-1074.
[32] 张文元,刘顺,江斌,等.施肥对硬头黄竹林地上部分生物量结构的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(5):61-67.ZHANG W Y,LIU S,JIANG B,et al.Effects of fertilization on above ground biomassstructure of Bambusa rigida[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2016,31(5):61-67.(in Chinese)
[2] LIU X,DUAN L,MO J,et al.Nitrogen deposition and its ecological impact in China:anoverview[J].Environmental Pollution,2011,159(10):2251-2264.
[3] 刘可杰,徐秀德.高粱缺素症状的研究[J].辽宁农业科学,2014(3):60-62.
[4] 崔佩佩,丁玉川,焦晓燕,等.氮肥对作物的影响研究进展[J].山西农业科学,2017,45(4):663-668.
[5] 杨晓晖,王葆芳,江泽平.乌兰布和沙漠东北缘三种豆科绿肥植物生物量和养分含量及其对土壤肥力的影响[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(10):1134-1138.
[6] 刘晓星,吕光辉,杨晓东,等.艾比湖流域5种土壤类型的酶活性和理化性质[J].干旱区研究,2012,29(4):579-585.
[7] 张俊菲,李清河,王林龙,等.白刺幼苗芽库及枝系构型对不同氮添加水平的响应[J].林业科学研究,2018,31(3):158-166.
[8] JU X T,KOU C L.Nitrogen balance and groundwater nitrate contamination:comparison among three Intensive cropping systems on the north China Plain[J].Environ Pollut,2006,143:117-125.
[9] PETER J T,JODY S,KEITH L W,et al.Nitrate in groundwaters of intensive agricultural areasin coastal northeastern australia [J].Agr Ecosyst Environ,2003,94:49-58.
[10] FABIO S,VINCENZO D B,MICHELE P.Effects of N fertilizers and rates on yield,safety and nutrients in processing spinach genotypes[J].Sci.Hortic.,2007,114:225-233.
[11] 谢志良,田长彦.膜下滴灌水氮对棉花根系形态和生物量分配变化的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(4):138-143.
[12] 刘世全,曹红霞,张建青,等.不同水氮供应对小南瓜根系生长、产量和水氮利用效率的影响[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(7):1362-1371.LIU S Q,CAO H X,ZHANG J Q,et al.Effects of different water and nitrogen supplies on root growth,yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency of small pumpkin[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2014,47(7):1362-1371.
[13] 杨秀艳,张华新,唐欣,等.我国白刺植物资源及其开发利用[J].世界林业研究,2013,26(5):64-68.
[14] 常国华,陈映全,高天鹏,等.膜果麻黄(Ephedra przewalskii)和白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)幼枝水势及影响因素[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(2):385-392.
[15] 罗光宏,王进,颜霞,等.干旱胁迫对唐古特白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)种子吸胀萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(6):1537-1543.LUO G H,WANG J,YAN X,et al.Effect of drought stress on imbibition,germination and seedling growth of Nitraria tangutorum[J].Journal of Desert Research,2014,34(6):1537-1543.(in Chinese)
[16] 刘弋菊,孔箐锌,苏胜宝.玉米氮素代谢机制的研究进展[J].玉米科学,2009,17(1):135-138.
[17] 姜琳琳,韩立思,韩晓日,等.氮素对玉米幼苗生长、根系形态及氮素吸收利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(1):247-253.
[18] YIN L,HU T X,LIU Y A,et al.Effect of drought stress on photosynthetic characteristics and growth of Jatropha curcas seedlings under different nitrogen levels[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2010,21(3):569-576.
[19] LIU D,PIAO S L,ZHENG X X,et al.Effects of drought stress and N rate on growth and physiological characters of flue cured tobacco[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural Sciences,2008,33(2):29-31,52.
[20] XU N,ZHANG H H,ZHU W X,et al.Effects of nitrogen from on seedling growth and its photosynthetic characteristics of forage mulberry[J].Pratacultural Science,2012,29(10):1574-1580.
[21] 吕豪豪,马晓东,张瑞群,等.水分胁迫下不同氮素对多枝柽柳幼苗生长及生理的影响[J].草业学报,2016,25(9):54-63.Lü H H,MA X D,ZHANG R Q,et al.Effects of different forms of nitrogen on the growth and physiology of Tamarix ramosissima seedlings under water stress[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2016,25(9):54-63.(in Chinese)
[22] XUE L,CAO H.Changes of leaf traits of plants under stress resistance[J].Ecologu and Anvironment,2010,19(8):2004-2009.
[23] 高君亮,罗凤敏,赵英铭,等.乌兰布和沙漠绿洲3种杨树比叶面积和叶干物质含量研究[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(1):15-20.GAO J L,LUO F M,ZHAO Y M,et al.Specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content of three kinds of poplar in ulanbuh desert oasis[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2016,31(1):15-20.(in Chinese)
[24] 王劲松,焦晓燕,丁玉川,等.粒用高粱养分吸收、产量及品质对氮磷钾营养的响应[J].作物学报,2015,41(8):1269-1278.
[25] 倪玉琼,张强.不同施氮量对高粱产量及植株养分积累的影响[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(5):95-100.
[26] 王友华,许海涛,许波,等.施用氮肥对玉米产量构成因素及其根系生长的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2010(3):55-57.
[27] 李轩然,刘琪璟,蔡哲,等.千烟洲针叶林的比叶面积及叶面积指数[J].植物生态学报,2007,31(1):93-101.
[28] SHIPLEY B,ALMEIDA C J.Interspecific consistency and intraspecific variability of s pecific Leaf area with respect to irradiance and nutrition variability[J].Ecology Science,2003,10:74-79.
[29] 陈海军.荒漠草原主要植物种群繁殖性状及化学计量特征对载畜率的响应[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2011.
[30] 张景光,王新平,李新荣,等.荒漠植物生活史对策研究进展与展望[J].中国沙漠,2008,25(3):306-314.
[31] 任海彦,郑淑霞,白永飞.放牧对内蒙古锡林河流域草地群落植物茎叶生物量资源分配的影响[J].植物生态学报,2009,33(6):1065-1074.
[32] 张文元,刘顺,江斌,等.施肥对硬头黄竹林地上部分生物量结构的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(5):61-67.ZHANG W Y,LIU S,JIANG B,et al.Effects of fertilization on above ground biomassstructure of Bambusa rigida[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2016,31(5):61-67.(in Chinese)