航班飞行中的物理问题
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摘要
本文讨论了人们在乘坐飞机旅行时可能想到的3个问题。(1)我要去东边而飞机为什么向北飞?(2)地球自转对飞行速度有影响吗?(3)为什么同一航线往返飞行时间不同?首先,采用了解析几何方法,定量给出了最短航线时飞机起飞航向与当地纬线的夹角,以及该航线航程。然后讨论了飞机沿着自转地球表面上空飞行时,科里奥利力对飞机的作用,运用了半定量方法对几种场景进行分析,结论是科里奥利力的效应较小或者可以忽略不计。最后定性介绍了高空急流现象、成因以及对飞行的影响,并给出了几个典型航班往返时间的差别,指出高空急流对飞行的影响明显而确定。
Three questions people may think of when traveling by air are discussed in this article.(1)Why does the flight fly northward when I'm going east?(2)Does the rotation of the earth affect flight speed?(3)Why does the flying time of the same route differ from the flying time of return?For the first problem,when the shortest route is taken,the angle between the take-off course and the local latitude,and the distance of the flight path are given by using the geometry method quantitatively.Secondly,the effect of Coriolis force on an aircraft flying over the surface of the rotating earth is discussed.Several cases are analyzed by semi-quantitative method.The conclusion is that the effect of Coriolis force is small or negligible.Finally,the phenomena and causes of upper jet stream are introduced qualitatively,and its influence on flight is explained.The difference of the round-trip time of several typical flights is presented.It is pointed out that the influence of upper jet stream on aircraft flight is obvious and definite.
Three questions people may think of when traveling by air are discussed in this article.(1)Why does the flight fly northward when I'm going east?(2)Does the rotation of the earth affect flight speed?(3)Why does the flying time of the same route differ from the flying time of return?For the first problem,when the shortest route is taken,the angle between the take-off course and the local latitude,and the distance of the flight path are given by using the geometry method quantitatively.Secondly,the effect of Coriolis force on an aircraft flying over the surface of the rotating earth is discussed.Several cases are analyzed by semi-quantitative method.The conclusion is that the effect of Coriolis force is small or negligible.Finally,the phenomena and causes of upper jet stream are introduced qualitatively,and its influence on flight is explained.The difference of the round-trip time of several typical flights is presented.It is pointed out that the influence of upper jet stream on aircraft flight is obvious and definite.
引文
[1]周敏.世界地图册[M].北京:中国地图出版社,2014.
[2]《数学手册》编写组.数学手册[M].北京:人民教育出版社,1979:329.
[3]张三慧.大学物理学.力学.第一册[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[4]赵凯华.罗蔚茵.新概念物理教程.力学[M].2版.北京:高等教育出版社,2004,page 81.
[5]徐劳立.舰载机的起飞和弹射技术[J].物理与工程,2013,23(3):26-28.XU L L.Takeoff and ejection technology of the carrier aircraft[J].Physics and Engineering,2013,23(3):26-28.(in Chinese)
[6]张双楠.我要去西边你却要往北飞,机长你在逗我吗?微信订阅号《我是科学家iScientist》,1979,11,29.ZHANG S N.I'm going west,but you're flying north.Are captain kidding me?[Z].Wechat Subscription No.I'm a Scientist,1979,11,29.(in Chinese)
[2]《数学手册》编写组.数学手册[M].北京:人民教育出版社,1979:329.
[3]张三慧.大学物理学.力学.第一册[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[4]赵凯华.罗蔚茵.新概念物理教程.力学[M].2版.北京:高等教育出版社,2004,page 81.
[5]徐劳立.舰载机的起飞和弹射技术[J].物理与工程,2013,23(3):26-28.XU L L.Takeoff and ejection technology of the carrier aircraft[J].Physics and Engineering,2013,23(3):26-28.(in Chinese)
[6]张双楠.我要去西边你却要往北飞,机长你在逗我吗?微信订阅号《我是科学家iScientist》,1979,11,29.ZHANG S N.I'm going west,but you're flying north.Are captain kidding me?[Z].Wechat Subscription No.I'm a Scientist,1979,11,29.(in Chinese)