海水和苦卤水作为廉价镁源对尿液废水中磷去除的影响
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摘要
镁源已经成为尿液废水鸟粪石沉淀法的主要成本之一。探索以海水和苦卤水作为廉价镁源的可行性。在优化pH值、n(Mg)∶n(P)、搅拌转速、反应时间和沉降时间等条件后,海水和苦卤水作为镁源均可实现磷的高效去除。海水中镁的利用率为98%,n(Mg)∶n(P)为1即可去除96%的磷,但是沉淀产物中存在碳酸镁钙杂质。苦卤水中镁的利用率仅为75%,n(Mg)∶n(P)为1. 5时可实现98%的磷去除,并且鸟粪石纯度更高。苦卤水中镁浓度更高使得其投加量仅为海水的5%,因此可作为一种更适宜的廉价镁源。
Magnesium source was considered as one of the key cost factors for using the struvite precipitation process to recover phosphate from urine wastewater. This study investigated the feasibility of using seawater and bittern as the cheap magnesium sources for the process. Results showed that both seawater and bittern can effectively remove most of the phosphate from urine wastewater at optimized conditions including pH,n( Mg) ∶ n( P) molar ratio,stirring speed,reaction time and settlement time. The use efficiency of magnesium in seawater was 98%,and about 96% of the phosphate was removed at a n( Mg) ∶n( P) ratio of 1. However,the precipitates obtained through seawater had impurities due to the formation of magnesium-calcite.The removal efficiency of phosphate could reach 98% at a n( Mg) ∶ n( P) ratio of 1. 5 for bittern because of its low magnesium use efficiency( 75%),while purer precipitates could be yielded in the process. The dosage of bittern was much lower than that of seawater because the concentration of magnesium in bittern was much higher. Therefore,the bittern was proved to be a more suitable cheap source of magnesium for struvite precipitation.
Magnesium source was considered as one of the key cost factors for using the struvite precipitation process to recover phosphate from urine wastewater. This study investigated the feasibility of using seawater and bittern as the cheap magnesium sources for the process. Results showed that both seawater and bittern can effectively remove most of the phosphate from urine wastewater at optimized conditions including pH,n( Mg) ∶ n( P) molar ratio,stirring speed,reaction time and settlement time. The use efficiency of magnesium in seawater was 98%,and about 96% of the phosphate was removed at a n( Mg) ∶n( P) ratio of 1. However,the precipitates obtained through seawater had impurities due to the formation of magnesium-calcite.The removal efficiency of phosphate could reach 98% at a n( Mg) ∶ n( P) ratio of 1. 5 for bittern because of its low magnesium use efficiency( 75%),while purer precipitates could be yielded in the process. The dosage of bittern was much lower than that of seawater because the concentration of magnesium in bittern was much higher. Therefore,the bittern was proved to be a more suitable cheap source of magnesium for struvite precipitation.
引文
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[17]仇付国，孙瑶，陈丽霞．活性污泥促进尿液水解回收鸟粪石研究[J]．中国给水排水，2015,31(13):85-89.
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[19]邓玉君，叶志隆，叶欣，等．流化床造粒法回收猪场废水中氮磷:鸟粪石颗粒的形貌与组成[J]．环境工程学报，2016(6):2933-2939.
[20] Ronteltap M,Maurer M,Hausherr R,et al. Struvite precipitation from urine-influencing factors on particle size[J]. Water Research,2010,44(6):2038-2046.
[21] Hao X D,Wang C C,van Loosdrecht M C M,et al. Looking beyond struvite for P-recovery[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2013,47(10):4965-4966.
[22] Wilsenach J A,Schuurbiers C A H,van Loosdrecht M C M.Phosphate and potassium recovery from source separated urine through struvite precipitation[J]. Water Research,2007,41(2):458-466.
[23] Xu K N,Wang C W,Liu H Y,et al. Simultaneous removal of phosphorus and potassium from synthetic urine through the precipitation of magnesium potassium phosphate hexahydrate[J].Chemosphere,2011,84(2):207-212.
[2]郝晓地，衣兰凯，仇付国．源分离技术的国内外研发进展及应用现状[J]．中国给水排水，2010,26(12):1-7.
[3]郝晓地，王崇臣，金文标．磷危机概观与磷回收技术[M]．北京:高等教育出版社，2011.
[4]魏金山，刘雪瑜，宋永会，等．氧化镁与白云石石灰对不同来源废水中磷的回收效果[J]．环境科学研究，2015,28(11):1734-1740.
[5] Yu R T,Ren H Q,Wu J C,et al. A novel treatment processes of struvite with pretreated magnesite as a source of low-cost magnesium[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International,2017,24(28):22204-22213.
[6] Krahenbühl M,Etter B,Udert K M. Pretreated magnesite as a source of low-cost magnesium for producing struvite from urine in nepal[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2016,542(SIB):1155-1161.
[7] Sakthivel S R,Tilley E,Udert K M. Wood ash as a magnesium source for phosphorus recovery from source-separated urine[J].Science of the Total Environment,2012,419(1):68-75.
[8] Liu B X,Giannis A,Zhang J F,et al. Characterization of induced struvite formation from source-separated urine using seawater and brine as magnesium sources[J]. Chemosphere,2013,93(11):2738-2747.
[9] Lahav O,Telzhensky M,Zewuhn A,et al. Struvite recovery from municipal-wastewater sludge centrifuge supernatant using seawater nf concentrate as a cheap Mg(Ⅱ)source[J]. Separation and Purification Technology,2013,108:103-110.
[10] Xu K N,Wang C W,Wang X X,et al. Laboratory experiments on simultaneous removal of K and P from synthetic and real urine for nutrient recycle by crystallization of magnesium-potassiumphosphate-hexahydrate in a draft tube and baffle reactor[J].Chemosphere,2012,88(2):219-223.
[11] Parkhurst D L,Appelo C A J. User’s guide to phreeqc(version2)-a computer program for speciation, batch-reaction, onedimensional transport,and inverse geochemical calculations[M].U.S. Geological Survey,1999.
[12] Ronteltap M, Maurer M, Gujer W. Struvite precipitation thermodynamics in source-separated urine[J]. Water Research,2007,41(5):977-984.
[13] Adnan A, Koch F A, Mavinic D S. Pilot-scale study of phosphorus recovery through struvite crystallization-ii:applying inreactor supersaturation ratio as a process control parameter[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science,2003,2(6):473-483.
[14]郭五珍，王宇珊，叶挺进，等．动态中温厌氧消化液进行鸟粪石回收磷的试验研究[J]．中国给水排水，2016,32(15):57-61.
[15] Tao W D,Fattah K P,Huchzermeier M P. Struvite recovery from anaerobically digested dairy manure:a review of application potential and hindrances[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2016,169:46-57.
[16] Xu K,Li J,Zheng M,et al. The precipitation of magnesium potassium phosphate hexahydrate for P and K recovery from synthetic urine[J]. Water Research,2015,80:71-79.
[17]仇付国，孙瑶，陈丽霞．活性污泥促进尿液水解回收鸟粪石研究[J]．中国给水排水，2015,31(13):85-89.
[18] Zhang C,Xu K,Zheng M,et al. Factors affecting the crystal size of struvite-k formed in synthetic urine using a stirred reactor[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry,2018,57:17301-17309.
[19]邓玉君，叶志隆，叶欣，等．流化床造粒法回收猪场废水中氮磷:鸟粪石颗粒的形貌与组成[J]．环境工程学报，2016(6):2933-2939.
[20] Ronteltap M,Maurer M,Hausherr R,et al. Struvite precipitation from urine-influencing factors on particle size[J]. Water Research,2010,44(6):2038-2046.
[21] Hao X D,Wang C C,van Loosdrecht M C M,et al. Looking beyond struvite for P-recovery[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2013,47(10):4965-4966.
[22] Wilsenach J A,Schuurbiers C A H,van Loosdrecht M C M.Phosphate and potassium recovery from source separated urine through struvite precipitation[J]. Water Research,2007,41(2):458-466.
[23] Xu K N,Wang C W,Liu H Y,et al. Simultaneous removal of phosphorus and potassium from synthetic urine through the precipitation of magnesium potassium phosphate hexahydrate[J].Chemosphere,2011,84(2):207-212.