生草对桃园土壤有机碳及微生物多样性的影响
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摘要
为探讨生草栽培对桃园土壤有机碳及微生物功能多样性的影响,在浙江省嘉兴市水蜜桃园设置栽培黑麦草、白三叶、紫花苜蓿及清耕试验。结果表明,与清耕相比,种植黑麦草、白三叶、紫花苜蓿后土壤有机碳含量分别提高21.1%、31.6%、25.0%(P<0.05),增加的部分以羰基碳为主;园地土壤微生物量碳、水溶性有机碳含量提高53.7%～130.4%、59.27%～80.3%(P<0.05);3种生草的土壤微生物活性(SMA)显著高于清耕,微生物Shannon指数(H)和均匀度指数(E)也表现为白三叶和紫花苜蓿处理显著高于清耕。综上,生草栽培可增加桃园土壤有机碳含量,提升土壤微生物功能多样性,其中以栽植白三叶效果为佳。
In order to explore the effects of sown grass cultivation on soil organic carbon and microbial functional diversity in peach orchards,the cultivation of ryegrass,white clover,alfalfa and clear tillage were carried out in the peach garden of Jiaxing City,Zhejiang Province.The results showed that compared with clean tillage,the soil organic carbon content of ryegrass,white clover and alfalfa was significantly increased by 21.1%,31.6%,25.0%(P<0.05),and the increased components are mainly carbonyl carbon.The soil microbial biomass carbon and water-soluble organic carbon content in peach orchards soil increased significantly by 53.7%～130.4% and 59.27%～80.3%(P<0.05).The soil microbial activity(SMA) of the three grasses treatments was significantly higher than that of clean tillage.The microbial Shannon index(H) and the evenness index(E) also showed that the treatments of white clover and alfalfa were significantly higher than that of clean tillage.In summary,sod cultivation increased soil organic carbon content in peach orchards and improved soil microbial functional diversity,and the effect of white clover treatment is better.
In order to explore the effects of sown grass cultivation on soil organic carbon and microbial functional diversity in peach orchards,the cultivation of ryegrass,white clover,alfalfa and clear tillage were carried out in the peach garden of Jiaxing City,Zhejiang Province.The results showed that compared with clean tillage,the soil organic carbon content of ryegrass,white clover and alfalfa was significantly increased by 21.1%,31.6%,25.0%(P<0.05),and the increased components are mainly carbonyl carbon.The soil microbial biomass carbon and water-soluble organic carbon content in peach orchards soil increased significantly by 53.7%～130.4% and 59.27%～80.3%(P<0.05).The soil microbial activity(SMA) of the three grasses treatments was significantly higher than that of clean tillage.The microbial Shannon index(H) and the evenness index(E) also showed that the treatments of white clover and alfalfa were significantly higher than that of clean tillage.In summary,sod cultivation increased soil organic carbon content in peach orchards and improved soil microbial functional diversity,and the effect of white clover treatment is better.
引文
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[2]张兴兴,赵鲁,安渊.种草对桃园土壤物理性状、果树生长及果实品质的影响[J].上海交通大学学报:农业科学版,2011,29(2):58-63.
[3]吕德国,秦嗣军,杜国栋,等.果园生草的生理生态效应研究与应用[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2012,43(2):131-136.
[4]王耀锋,邵玲玲,刘玉学,等.桃园生草对土壤有机碳及活性碳库组分的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(20):6002-6010.
[5]张桂玲.秸秆和生草覆盖对桃园土壤养分含量、微生物数量及土壤酶活性的影响[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(12):1236-1244.
[6]何莉莉,杨慧敏,钟哲科,等.生草栽培对桃园土壤养分特性及细菌群落的影响[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(19):179-183
[7]李发林,郑域茹,郑涛,等.果园带状生草对果园面源污染的控制效果[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(3):82-89.
[8]屠娟丽,费伟英,张彩平.生草栽培对桃园土壤结构特征及酶活性的影响[J].中国南方果树,2016,45(2):134-137.
[9]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[10]Jones D L,Willett V B.Experimental evaluation of methods to quantify dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in soil[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2006(38):991-999.
[11]Vance E D,Brookes P C,Jenkinson D C.An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass C[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,1987(19):703-707.
[12]Mathers N J,Xu Z H,Berners-Price S J,et al.Hydrofluoric acid pre-treatment for improving 13C CPMAS NMR spectral quality of forest soils in southeast Queensland,Australia[J].Australian Journal of Soil Research,2002(40):655-674.
[13]Yao H Y,Bowman D,Shi W.Soil microbial community structure and diversity in a turfgrass chronosequence:Land-use change versus turfgrass management[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2006,34(2):209-218.
[14]吴红英,孔云,姚允聪,等.间作芳香植物对沙地梨园土壤微生物数量与土壤养分的影响[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(1):140-150.
[15]潘自舒,王启亮,逯昀,等.黄河故道地区葡萄园果草牧组合增效研究[J].安徽农业科学,2004(32):492-493.
[16]Ussira D A N,Johnson CE.Characterization organic mater in a northern hardwood forest soil by 13C NMR spectroscopy and chemical methods[J].Geoderma,2003(111):123-149.
[17]Spaccini R,Mbagwu J S C,Conte P,et al.Changes of humic substances characteristics from forested to cultivated soils in Ethiopia[J].Geoderma,2006(132):9-19.
[18]徐秋芳,田甜,吴家森,等.退化板栗林(套)改种茶树和毛竹后土壤生物学性质变化[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(3):180-184.