菊科植物病虫害调查
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摘要
逐株调查资源圃中98种(或品种)菊科植物的病害和虫害发生情况。调查发现,主要病害为煤污病、白粉病、枯萎病、灰霉病、褐斑病、锈病、病毒病7种,其中煤污病发病株最多,占调查总数的68.1%。主要虫害为红蜘蛛、白粉虱、蚜虫、菊天牛、黄胸蓟马和蜗牛6种,其中白粉虱和红蜘蛛危害严重,2种病害的受害株占调查总数的81.6%。矶菊等对病虫害有很好的抵抗能力,河南野菊等白粉虱及煤污病发生极其严重,调查结果为筛选抗性育种材料提供依据。
To investigate the occurrence of diseases and pests of the Asteraceae plants, 98 species(or varieties) of the Asteraceae in the resource garden were investigated. The survey found that the main diseases were sooty blotch, powdery mildew, blight, gray mildew, brown spot disease, rust disease and irus disease. Among them, sooty blotch caused the most strains, accounting for 68.1 % of the total number of investigations. The main insect pests were red spiders, whitefly, aphid, Phytoecia rufiqentria Gautier, Thrips hawaiiensis and snails.Among them, whitefly and red spiders were seriously armful, and the affected plants account for 81.6 % of the total number of investigations. Ajania pacifica and others had good resistance to pests and diseases, but Henan wild chrysanthemum and others infected with whiteflies and sooty blotch diseases were extremely serious. The investigation results provided evidence for screening resistant breeding materials.
To investigate the occurrence of diseases and pests of the Asteraceae plants, 98 species(or varieties) of the Asteraceae in the resource garden were investigated. The survey found that the main diseases were sooty blotch, powdery mildew, blight, gray mildew, brown spot disease, rust disease and irus disease. Among them, sooty blotch caused the most strains, accounting for 68.1 % of the total number of investigations. The main insect pests were red spiders, whitefly, aphid, Phytoecia rufiqentria Gautier, Thrips hawaiiensis and snails.Among them, whitefly and red spiders were seriously armful, and the affected plants account for 81.6 % of the total number of investigations. Ajania pacifica and others had good resistance to pests and diseases, but Henan wild chrysanthemum and others infected with whiteflies and sooty blotch diseases were extremely serious. The investigation results provided evidence for screening resistant breeding materials.
引文
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[13]武帅,苏亚辉,马雅丽,等.黄粉虫粪肥对盆栽万寿菊的肥效研究[J].山西农业科学,2017(12):1985-1988.
[2]王顺利,戴思兰.菊花抗白锈病品种资源鉴定与评价指标的建立[C]//北京林业大学.2010年全国观赏园艺学术年会论文集,2010:491-494.
[3]唐致婷.转WRKY基因菊花的抗蚜性育种[D].南京:南京农业大学,2016.
[4]王文平,罗光宏,陈叶.河西走廊甜叶菊田病虫害调查初报[J].中国糖料,2014(4):67-69.
[5]王志华,董立坤,于静亚,等.武汉地区菊花主要病虫害及综合防治技术[J].湖北林业科技,2017,46(3):38-41.
[6]陆银根,俞文仙,李如林,等.富阳区古树名木病虫害调查及保护建议[J].浙江农业科学,2018,59(7):1211-1214.
[7]杨际双,郭贺伟,牛丽云.保定地区菊花常病虫害的种类和危害[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(8):2311-2312.
[8]黄江华.广东省菊花主要病虫害危害及其防治[J].环境昆虫学报,2012,34(1):120-123.
[9]蒋细旺,包满珠,薛东,等.我国菊花病害种类危害特征[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2002,37(2):185-189.
[10]张夏亭,聂秋林,高欣.除虫菊酷的杀虫特性与作用机理[J].农业科学与管理,2003,24(2):22-23.
[11]孙娅.菊花近缘种属植物苗期抗蚜虫性鉴定与抗蚜机理研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2011.
[12]王琛柱,张青文,杨奇华.植物抗虫性的化学基础[J].植物保护,1993,19(6):39-41.
[13]武帅,苏亚辉,马雅丽,等.黄粉虫粪肥对盆栽万寿菊的肥效研究[J].山西农业科学,2017(12):1985-1988.