雷波县白沙村滑坡-碎屑流粒度分布特征与运动过程关系
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摘要
2017年7月1日,四川省雷波县白沙村发生滑坡-碎屑流灾害,为了揭示滑坡-碎屑流过程中粒度特征的变化情况,在野外调查和无人机航摄数据分析的基础上,通过碎屑流粒度特征的统计分析试验,结合谢德格尔公式对碎屑流运动速度的估算,研究了碎屑流粒度特征与运动过程的关系,结果表明:①碎屑流堆积体表层碎石的等效粒径为4～6 cm,碎屑流中的巨石等效粒径主要介于0. 5～1 m;②通过统计堆积体表层碎石粒径的变化情况可反映出碎屑流动能的变化,运移速度增加,碎石粒径越大,携带巨石能力越强,运移速度降低,碎石粒径减小,巨石越容易停积;③雷波县白沙村滑坡属于超高速滑坡,地形制约和挡土墙的阻挡是造成该滑坡-碎屑流移动性较低的原因。
In First July 2017,a rock avalanche disaster occurred in the Baisha Village of Leibo County,Sichuan province. In order to reveal the changes of grain size characteristics,a statistical test of the grain size characteristics of rock avalanche was designed and carried out based on field investigation and aerial photography. Combining with the estimated velocity of rock avalanche,the relationship between the grain size characteristics and the kinetic process was analyzed. The results show as follows.① The equivalent size of rock avalanche surface is 4 ～6 cm,and the equivalent size of megalith in the rock avalanche was mainly 0. 5 ～ 1 m.②The change of debris particle size can reflect the change of kinetic energy of debris flow. With the increase of migration velocity of rock avalanche,the larger the particle size of the debris is,the stronger the carrying capacity of the megalith; with the decrease of migration velocity of rock avalanche,the smaller the particle size of the gravel is,the easier the stoppage of the megalith.③Rock avalanche in Baisha Village of Leibo County belong to super-high-speed landslide. Terrain restriction and retaining wall obstruction are the reasons for the low mobility of the rock avalanche.
In First July 2017,a rock avalanche disaster occurred in the Baisha Village of Leibo County,Sichuan province. In order to reveal the changes of grain size characteristics,a statistical test of the grain size characteristics of rock avalanche was designed and carried out based on field investigation and aerial photography. Combining with the estimated velocity of rock avalanche,the relationship between the grain size characteristics and the kinetic process was analyzed. The results show as follows.① The equivalent size of rock avalanche surface is 4 ～6 cm,and the equivalent size of megalith in the rock avalanche was mainly 0. 5 ～ 1 m.②The change of debris particle size can reflect the change of kinetic energy of debris flow. With the increase of migration velocity of rock avalanche,the larger the particle size of the debris is,the stronger the carrying capacity of the megalith; with the decrease of migration velocity of rock avalanche,the smaller the particle size of the gravel is,the easier the stoppage of the megalith.③Rock avalanche in Baisha Village of Leibo County belong to super-high-speed landslide. Terrain restriction and retaining wall obstruction are the reasons for the low mobility of the rock avalanche.
引文
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11邱昕.高速远程滑坡-碎屑流及其涌浪数值模拟分析[D].上海:上海交通大学,2015Qiu Xin.Numerical simulation on the process of typic rock avalanche and associated water waves[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2015
12陈锣增.易贡高速远程滑坡运动颗粒流数值分析[D].成都:西南交通大学,2016Chen Luozeng.Three-dimensional numerical simulation of Yigong rock avalanche using particle flow code,Chengdu:Southwest Jiao Tong University,2016
13樊晓一,杨海龙,田述军,等.滑坡碎屑流运动参数与影响因素敏感度研究[J].山地学报,2016,34(6):724-731Fan Xiaoyi,Yang Hailong,Tian Shujun,et al.Susceptibility degree of factors influence on the movement parameters of landslidedebris avalanches[J].Mountain Research,2013,34(6):724-731
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18 Wilkerson F.Landslide recognition:Identification,movement and causes[J].Geomorphology,1996,21(40):163-163
19张伟.青川马公窝铅滑坡成因机理与运动特征研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2009Zhang Wei.The research on the mechanism and kinetic characteristic of Woqian landslide in Qingchuan Town[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2009
20 Mcdougall S,Hungr O.Dynamic modelling of entrainment in rapid landslides[J].Revue Canadienne de Géotechnique,2005,42(5):1437-1448
21 Hungr O,George-Evans S.Entrainment of debris in rock avalanches:An analysis of a long run-out mechanism[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,2004,116(9):1240-1252
22 Bertran P.The rock-avalanche of February 1995 at Claix(French Alps)[J].Geomorphology,2003,54(3-4):339-346
23王玉峰,程谦恭,朱圻.汶川地震触发高速远程滑坡-碎屑流堆积反粒序特征及机制分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(6):1089-1106Wang Yufeng,Cheng Qiangong,Zhu Qi.Inverse grading analysis of deposit from rock avalanches triggered by Wenchuan earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(6):1089-1106
24刘宇,徐则民,刘泓伶.头寨滑坡的形成与演化研究[J].科学技术与工程,2012,12(16):3813-3815Liu Yu,Xu Zeming,Liu Hongling.Study on generation and evolution of Touzhai landslide[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2012,12(16):3813-3815
2 Hsu K J.Catastrophic debris streams(sturzstroms)generated by rockfalls[J].GSA Bulletin,1975,86(1):129-140
3 Kent P E.The transport mechanisms in catastrophic rockfall[J].Journal of Geology,1966,74:79-83
4 Shreve R L.Sherman landslide,Alaska[J].Science,1966,154(3757):1639-1643
5 Habib P.Production of gaseous pore pressures during rocksliding[J].Rock Mechanics,1975(7):193-197
6 Sassa K,Nagai O,Solidum R,et al.An integrated model simulating the initiation and motion of earthquake and rain induced rapid landslides and its application to the 2006 Leyte landslide[J].Landslides2010,7(3):219-236
7 Van-Gassen W,Milne-Cruden D.Momentum transfer and friction in the debris of rock avalanches[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1989,26:623-628
8 Owen L A,Kamp U,Al-Khattak G,et al.Landslides triggered by the 8 October 2005 Kashmir earthquake[J].Geomorphology,2008,94(1):1-9
9许强,董秀军,邓茂林,等.2010年7·27四川汉源二蛮山滑坡-碎屑流特征与成因机理研究[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(5):609-622Xu.Qiang,Dong Xiujun,Deng Maolin,et al.The Ermanshan rock slide-debris flow of July 27,2010 in Hanyuan Sichuan characteristics and failure mechanism[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2010,18(5):609-622
10郑光,许强,巨袁臻,等.2017年8月28日贵州纳雍县张家湾镇普洒村崩塌特征与成因机理研究[J].工程地质学报,2018,26(1):223-240Zheng Guang,Xu Qiang,Ju Yuanzhen,et al.The pusancun rock avalanche on August 28,2017 in Zhangjiawan Nayongxian,Guizhou:Characteristics and failure mechanism[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2018,26(1):223-240
11邱昕.高速远程滑坡-碎屑流及其涌浪数值模拟分析[D].上海:上海交通大学,2015Qiu Xin.Numerical simulation on the process of typic rock avalanche and associated water waves[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2015
12陈锣增.易贡高速远程滑坡运动颗粒流数值分析[D].成都:西南交通大学,2016Chen Luozeng.Three-dimensional numerical simulation of Yigong rock avalanche using particle flow code,Chengdu:Southwest Jiao Tong University,2016
13樊晓一,杨海龙,田述军,等.滑坡碎屑流运动参数与影响因素敏感度研究[J].山地学报,2016,34(6):724-731Fan Xiaoyi,Yang Hailong,Tian Shujun,et al.Susceptibility degree of factors influence on the movement parameters of landslidedebris avalanches[J].Mountain Research,2013,34(6):724-731
14 Cagnoli B.Effect of grain size on mobility of dry granular flows of angular rock fragments:An experimental determination[J].Journal of Volcanology&Geothermal Research,2010,193(1):18-24
15 Okura Y,Kitahara H,Sammori T,et al.The effects of rockfall volume on runout distance[J].Engineering Geology,2000,58(2):109-124
16王红晓.峨眉山玄武岩大规模高速远程崩滑流事件多因素复合约束机制[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2010Wang Hongxiao.Multi-factor restraint mechanism of large-scale high speed long-runout collapse-slide-flow events in Emeishan basalt[D].Kunming:Kunming University of Science and Technology,2010
17樊晓一,田述军,段晓冬,等.地形因子对坡脚型地震滑坡运动参数的影响研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(2):4056-4066Fan Xiaoyi,Tian Shujun,Duan Xiaodong,et al.Study of topography factors influence on motion parameters for seismic slope-toe landslides[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(2):4056-4066
18 Wilkerson F.Landslide recognition:Identification,movement and causes[J].Geomorphology,1996,21(40):163-163
19张伟.青川马公窝铅滑坡成因机理与运动特征研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2009Zhang Wei.The research on the mechanism and kinetic characteristic of Woqian landslide in Qingchuan Town[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2009
20 Mcdougall S,Hungr O.Dynamic modelling of entrainment in rapid landslides[J].Revue Canadienne de Géotechnique,2005,42(5):1437-1448
21 Hungr O,George-Evans S.Entrainment of debris in rock avalanches:An analysis of a long run-out mechanism[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,2004,116(9):1240-1252
22 Bertran P.The rock-avalanche of February 1995 at Claix(French Alps)[J].Geomorphology,2003,54(3-4):339-346
23王玉峰,程谦恭,朱圻.汶川地震触发高速远程滑坡-碎屑流堆积反粒序特征及机制分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(6):1089-1106Wang Yufeng,Cheng Qiangong,Zhu Qi.Inverse grading analysis of deposit from rock avalanches triggered by Wenchuan earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(6):1089-1106
24刘宇,徐则民,刘泓伶.头寨滑坡的形成与演化研究[J].科学技术与工程,2012,12(16):3813-3815Liu Yu,Xu Zeming,Liu Hongling.Study on generation and evolution of Touzhai landslide[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2012,12(16):3813-3815