黄腐酸菌肥与常规肥料配比对西北旱作区马铃薯根系形态及土壤酶活性的影响
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摘要
为减少肥料用量,同时筛选适合于西北旱作区马铃薯生产绿色增效肥料,本试验以马铃薯品种‘陇薯6号’为材料,采用随机区组设计,进行常规复合肥1 200 kg·hm~(-2)(T1)、T1+420 kg·hm~(-2)黄腐酸菌肥(T2)、70%T1+420 kg·hm~(-2)黄腐酸菌肥(T3)、70%T1+300 kg·hm~(-2)黄腐酸菌肥(T4)和不施肥5种施肥处理,探讨了黄腐酸菌肥对马铃薯根系形态、干物质、土壤酶活性及产量的影响。试验结果表明,常规肥料与黄腐酸菌肥的合理配施能够增强马铃薯的植株长势,改善土壤酶活性,减轻连作带来的病菌侵害程度。T3处理下马铃薯根系各指标表现最好,维持根系活力,且与对照CK差异达到极显著水平(P <0. 01)。T3、T2与T1、T4及CK处理在70 d后马铃薯植株增长幅度较大,其中,在110 d,T3处理下地下部干物质比T1处理增长了77. 2%～96. 7%,比CK处理增长220%～273%。不同处理的马铃薯产量为T3> T2> T4> T1> CK。在T3处理下,土壤脲酶活性、蔗糖酶活性和脱氢酶活性均保持较高的稳定性。T1与T4处理下的各项指标值均高于对照处理CK,且差异达到极显著水平(P <0. 01)。综合各指标表现情况,本研究推荐复合肥与黄腐酸微生物菌剂配施作为底肥的最佳用量为撒可富复合肥840 kg·hm~(-2)+黄腐酸菌肥(有机质≥45%) 420 kg·hm~(-2)。
Aiming at reducing the fertilizer amount as well as selecting a green and efficient fertilizer suitable for potato production in arid land of Dingxi area of Gansu province,we conducted an experiment,using a randomized block with five treatments( Conventional fertilizer 1 200 kg·hm~(-2)( T1); T1 + 420 kg·hm~(-2) fulvic acid fertilizer( T2),70% T1+ 420 kg·hm~(-2) fulvic acid fertilizer( T3),70% T1+ 300 kg·hm~(-2) fulvic acid fertilizer( T4) and CK: no fertilizer),and potato variety Longshu No. 6,to discuss the influence of fulvic acid fertilizer for potato root morphology,dry matter,soil enzyme activity and yield. The results showed that the reasonable combination of conventional fertilizer and fulvic acid fertilizer would increase the plant growth,improve soil enzyme activity,and decrease the yield loss caused by continuous cropping. All potato root index showed the best performance with T3 treatment,with a significant difference( P < 0. 01) compared with CK. T3 and T2 treatments were with greater increasing rates after 70 d compared with T1,T4 and CK. Among them,the dry matter in the underground part under T3 increased by 77. 2%-96. 7% compared with T1,and220%-273% compared with CK at 110 d. The potato yield for different treatments was in an order of T3 > T2 > T4 > T1 > CK. Urease activity,sucrose enzyme activity and dehydrogenase activity with T3 treatment remained stable. The index of T1 and T4 treatments was higher than that of CK treatment,with a significant difference( P < 0. 01). Considering the performance of every factor,we recommended that the optimal amount of the combined fertilizer as a base fertilizer would be conventional fertilizer 840 kg·hm~(-2)+ fulvic acid fertilizer( organic matter > 45%) 420 kg·hm~(-2).
Aiming at reducing the fertilizer amount as well as selecting a green and efficient fertilizer suitable for potato production in arid land of Dingxi area of Gansu province,we conducted an experiment,using a randomized block with five treatments( Conventional fertilizer 1 200 kg·hm~(-2)( T1); T1 + 420 kg·hm~(-2) fulvic acid fertilizer( T2),70% T1+ 420 kg·hm~(-2) fulvic acid fertilizer( T3),70% T1+ 300 kg·hm~(-2) fulvic acid fertilizer( T4) and CK: no fertilizer),and potato variety Longshu No. 6,to discuss the influence of fulvic acid fertilizer for potato root morphology,dry matter,soil enzyme activity and yield. The results showed that the reasonable combination of conventional fertilizer and fulvic acid fertilizer would increase the plant growth,improve soil enzyme activity,and decrease the yield loss caused by continuous cropping. All potato root index showed the best performance with T3 treatment,with a significant difference( P < 0. 01) compared with CK. T3 and T2 treatments were with greater increasing rates after 70 d compared with T1,T4 and CK. Among them,the dry matter in the underground part under T3 increased by 77. 2%-96. 7% compared with T1,and220%-273% compared with CK at 110 d. The potato yield for different treatments was in an order of T3 > T2 > T4 > T1 > CK. Urease activity,sucrose enzyme activity and dehydrogenase activity with T3 treatment remained stable. The index of T1 and T4 treatments was higher than that of CK treatment,with a significant difference( P < 0. 01). Considering the performance of every factor,we recommended that the optimal amount of the combined fertilizer as a base fertilizer would be conventional fertilizer 840 kg·hm~(-2)+ fulvic acid fertilizer( organic matter > 45%) 420 kg·hm~(-2).
引文
[1]王天立.黄腐酸在农业上的应用[J].腐植酸，1992(1):14-36.WANG T L.The application of fulvic acid in agriculture[J].Humic Acid,1992(1):14-36.
[2]卢林纲.黄腐酸及其在农业上的应用[J].现代化农业，2001(5):9-10.LU L G.The application of fulvic acid in agriculture[J].Modernized Agriculture,2001(5):9-10.
[3]未晓巍，吕杰，武慧，等.植物根系研究进展[J].北方园艺，2012,18:206-209.WEI X W,LJ,WU H,et al.Research advances on plant roots[J].Northern Horticulture,2012,18:206-209.
[4]周莉娜，孙丽蓉，毛晖，等.黄腐酸抗旱营养剂对小麦和玉米生长的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究，2012,30(1):154-158.ZHOU L N,SUN L R,MAO H.Effect of drought-resistant fulvic acid liquid fertilizer on wheat and maize growth[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2012,30(1):154-158.
[5]韩玉国，任树梅，李云开.黄腐酸(FA)旱地龙在苹果节水生产中的应用效果研究[J].农业工程学报，2004,20(6):93-97.HAN Y G,REN S M,LI Y K.Experimental study on effect of FA handilong on water saving and production of apple tree in the rural areas in Beijing[J].Transactions of the Chinese of Agricultural Engineering,2004,20(6):93-97.
[6]回振龙，李自龙，刘文瑜，等.黄腐酸浸种对PEG模拟干旱胁迫下紫花苜蓿种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].西北植物学报，2013,33(8):1621-1629.HUI Z L,LI Z L,LIU W Y,et al.Effect of seed soaking in fulvic acid solution on seed germination and seedling growth in Medicago sativa under PEG simulated drought stress[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2013,33(8):1621-1629.
[7]张鋆鋆，刘冰洋，王一凡，等.植物根系研究进展[J].天津农业科学，2016,22(11):11-18.ZHANG Y Y,LIU B Y,WANG Y F,et al.Research progress of plant roots[J].Tianjin Agricultural Sciences,2016,22(11):11-18.
[8]梁强，叶燕萍，桂杰，等.喷施黄腐酸对干旱胁迫下甘蔗苗期叶绿素荧光参数及丙二醛的影响[J].广西植物，2009,29(4):527-532.LIANG Q,YE Y P,GUI J,et al.Effects of fulvic acid on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and MDA of sugarcane seedling under water stress[J].Guihaia,2009,29(4):527-532.
[9]韩玉竹，李阳春，刘晓静.黄腐酸对紫花苜蓿种子活力的影响[J].种子，2009,28(7):50-52,57.HAN Y Z,LI Y C,LIU X J.Effect of fulvic acid on the vigor of alfalfa seeds[J].Seed,2009,28(7):50-52,57.
[10]张文明，邱慧珍，刘星，等.连作对马铃薯根系形态及吸收能力的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究，2014,32(1):34-37,46.ZHANG W M,QIU H Z,LIU X,et al.Effect of continuous cropping on morphology characteristics and absorptive capacity of potato root[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2014,32(1):34-37,46.
[11]袁晓华，杨中汉.植物生理生化实验[M].北京:高等教育出版社1983.YUAN X H,YANG Z H.The experiment principle and technique on plant physiology and biochemistry[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,1983.
[12]李振高，骆永明，滕应.土壤与环境微生物研究法[M].北京:科学出版社2008.LI Z G,LUO Y M,TENG Y.Research methods of soil and environmental microbiology[M].Beijing:Science Press,2008.
[13]谭雪莲，郭晓冬，马明生，等.连作对马铃薯土壤微生物区系和产量的影响[J].核农学报，2012,26(9):1322-1325.TAN X L,GUO X D,MA M S,et al.Effects of continuous cropping on soil microflora and yield of potato[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2012,26(9):1322-1325.
[14]王官茂，杨茂峰，李志燕，等.黄腐酸对马铃薯产量和商品薯率的影响[J].中国马铃薯，2016,30(1):25-30.WANG G M,YANG M F,LI Z Y,et al.Effects of fulvic acid on yield and marketable tuber percentage of potato[J].Chinese Potato Journal,2016,30(1):25-30.
[15]白艳茹，马建华，樊明寿.马铃薯连作对土壤酶活性的影响[J].作物杂志，2010(3):34-36.BAI Y R,MA J H,FAN M S.Effect of potato continuous cropping on activities of soil enzymes[J].Crops,2010(3):34-36.
[16]孙梦媛，刘景辉，赵宝平，等.全膜垄作栽培对旱作马铃薯产量及土壤水热和酶活性的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境，2018,32(1):133-139.SUN M Y,LIU J H,ZHAO B P,et al.Effects of whole plastic film mulching ridging cropping patterns on soil thermal-moisture status,soil enzyme activity and yield of rain fed potato[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2018,32(1):133-139.
[17]王梦雅，符云鹏，贾辉，等.不同菌肥对土壤养分、酶活性和微生物功能多样性的影响[J].中国烟草科学，2018,39(1):57-63.WANG M Y,FU Y P,JIA H,et al.Influence of different microbial agents on nutrients and enzyme activities of soil and functional diversity of microbial communities[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2018,39(1):57-63.
[18]张文明，邱慧珍，刘星，等.连作对马铃薯根系生物学特征和叶片抗逆生理的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究，2014,32(4):20-23,52.ZHANG W M,QIU H Z,LIU X,et al.Effect of continuous cropping on morphology and physiological characteristics of potato root and leaf[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2014,32(4):20-23,52.
[19]回振龙，李朝周，史文煊，等.黄腐酸改善连作马铃薯生长发育及抗性生理的研究[J].草业学报，2013,22(4):130-136.HUI Z L,LI CH Z H,SHI W X,et al.A study on the use of fulvic acid to improve growth and resistance in continuous cropping of potato[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2013,22(4):130-136.
[20]回振龙.马铃薯连作障碍生理机制及其调控的研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学，2013.HUI Z L.Study on the physiological mechanism of potato continuous cropping obstacle and its regulation[D].Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural U-niversity,2013.
[21]陈春艳，王胜难，程娜，等.嘉有黄腐酸肥料在马铃薯原原种上的肥效试验报告[J].中国农业文摘-农业工程，2018(1):24-26.CHEN C Y,WANG S N,CHENG N,et al.Effect research of fulvic acid fertilizer on potato minituber[J].China agricultural abstracts-agricultural engineering,2018(1):24-26.
[22]吴树春，窦涛.嘉有黄腐酸肥料在小麦上应用效果试验报告[J].农业科技通讯，2018(2):83-87.WU S C,DOU T.Effect research of fulvic acid fertilizer on wheat[J].Bulletin of Agricultural Science and Technology,2018(2):83-87.
[23]刘宝云，孙萌萌，赵亚楠，等.生物黄腐酸肥料在夏玉米上的应用效果研究[J].腐植酸，2018(1):41-44.LIU B Y,SUN M M,ZHAO Y N,et al.Effect research of biological fulvic acid fertilizer on summer corn[J].Humic Acid,2018(1):41-44.
[2]卢林纲.黄腐酸及其在农业上的应用[J].现代化农业，2001(5):9-10.LU L G.The application of fulvic acid in agriculture[J].Modernized Agriculture,2001(5):9-10.
[3]未晓巍，吕杰，武慧，等.植物根系研究进展[J].北方园艺，2012,18:206-209.WEI X W,LJ,WU H,et al.Research advances on plant roots[J].Northern Horticulture,2012,18:206-209.
[4]周莉娜，孙丽蓉，毛晖，等.黄腐酸抗旱营养剂对小麦和玉米生长的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究，2012,30(1):154-158.ZHOU L N,SUN L R,MAO H.Effect of drought-resistant fulvic acid liquid fertilizer on wheat and maize growth[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2012,30(1):154-158.
[5]韩玉国，任树梅，李云开.黄腐酸(FA)旱地龙在苹果节水生产中的应用效果研究[J].农业工程学报，2004,20(6):93-97.HAN Y G,REN S M,LI Y K.Experimental study on effect of FA handilong on water saving and production of apple tree in the rural areas in Beijing[J].Transactions of the Chinese of Agricultural Engineering,2004,20(6):93-97.
[6]回振龙，李自龙，刘文瑜，等.黄腐酸浸种对PEG模拟干旱胁迫下紫花苜蓿种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].西北植物学报，2013,33(8):1621-1629.HUI Z L,LI Z L,LIU W Y,et al.Effect of seed soaking in fulvic acid solution on seed germination and seedling growth in Medicago sativa under PEG simulated drought stress[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2013,33(8):1621-1629.
[7]张鋆鋆，刘冰洋，王一凡，等.植物根系研究进展[J].天津农业科学，2016,22(11):11-18.ZHANG Y Y,LIU B Y,WANG Y F,et al.Research progress of plant roots[J].Tianjin Agricultural Sciences,2016,22(11):11-18.
[8]梁强，叶燕萍，桂杰，等.喷施黄腐酸对干旱胁迫下甘蔗苗期叶绿素荧光参数及丙二醛的影响[J].广西植物，2009,29(4):527-532.LIANG Q,YE Y P,GUI J,et al.Effects of fulvic acid on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and MDA of sugarcane seedling under water stress[J].Guihaia,2009,29(4):527-532.
[9]韩玉竹，李阳春，刘晓静.黄腐酸对紫花苜蓿种子活力的影响[J].种子，2009,28(7):50-52,57.HAN Y Z,LI Y C,LIU X J.Effect of fulvic acid on the vigor of alfalfa seeds[J].Seed,2009,28(7):50-52,57.
[10]张文明，邱慧珍，刘星，等.连作对马铃薯根系形态及吸收能力的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究，2014,32(1):34-37,46.ZHANG W M,QIU H Z,LIU X,et al.Effect of continuous cropping on morphology characteristics and absorptive capacity of potato root[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2014,32(1):34-37,46.
[11]袁晓华，杨中汉.植物生理生化实验[M].北京:高等教育出版社1983.YUAN X H,YANG Z H.The experiment principle and technique on plant physiology and biochemistry[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,1983.
[12]李振高，骆永明，滕应.土壤与环境微生物研究法[M].北京:科学出版社2008.LI Z G,LUO Y M,TENG Y.Research methods of soil and environmental microbiology[M].Beijing:Science Press,2008.
[13]谭雪莲，郭晓冬，马明生，等.连作对马铃薯土壤微生物区系和产量的影响[J].核农学报，2012,26(9):1322-1325.TAN X L,GUO X D,MA M S,et al.Effects of continuous cropping on soil microflora and yield of potato[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2012,26(9):1322-1325.
[14]王官茂，杨茂峰，李志燕，等.黄腐酸对马铃薯产量和商品薯率的影响[J].中国马铃薯，2016,30(1):25-30.WANG G M,YANG M F,LI Z Y,et al.Effects of fulvic acid on yield and marketable tuber percentage of potato[J].Chinese Potato Journal,2016,30(1):25-30.
[15]白艳茹，马建华，樊明寿.马铃薯连作对土壤酶活性的影响[J].作物杂志，2010(3):34-36.BAI Y R,MA J H,FAN M S.Effect of potato continuous cropping on activities of soil enzymes[J].Crops,2010(3):34-36.
[16]孙梦媛，刘景辉，赵宝平，等.全膜垄作栽培对旱作马铃薯产量及土壤水热和酶活性的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境，2018,32(1):133-139.SUN M Y,LIU J H,ZHAO B P,et al.Effects of whole plastic film mulching ridging cropping patterns on soil thermal-moisture status,soil enzyme activity and yield of rain fed potato[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2018,32(1):133-139.
[17]王梦雅，符云鹏，贾辉，等.不同菌肥对土壤养分、酶活性和微生物功能多样性的影响[J].中国烟草科学，2018,39(1):57-63.WANG M Y,FU Y P,JIA H,et al.Influence of different microbial agents on nutrients and enzyme activities of soil and functional diversity of microbial communities[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2018,39(1):57-63.
[18]张文明，邱慧珍，刘星，等.连作对马铃薯根系生物学特征和叶片抗逆生理的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究，2014,32(4):20-23,52.ZHANG W M,QIU H Z,LIU X,et al.Effect of continuous cropping on morphology and physiological characteristics of potato root and leaf[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2014,32(4):20-23,52.
[19]回振龙，李朝周，史文煊，等.黄腐酸改善连作马铃薯生长发育及抗性生理的研究[J].草业学报，2013,22(4):130-136.HUI Z L,LI CH Z H,SHI W X,et al.A study on the use of fulvic acid to improve growth and resistance in continuous cropping of potato[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2013,22(4):130-136.
[20]回振龙.马铃薯连作障碍生理机制及其调控的研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学，2013.HUI Z L.Study on the physiological mechanism of potato continuous cropping obstacle and its regulation[D].Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural U-niversity,2013.
[21]陈春艳，王胜难，程娜，等.嘉有黄腐酸肥料在马铃薯原原种上的肥效试验报告[J].中国农业文摘-农业工程，2018(1):24-26.CHEN C Y,WANG S N,CHENG N,et al.Effect research of fulvic acid fertilizer on potato minituber[J].China agricultural abstracts-agricultural engineering,2018(1):24-26.
[22]吴树春，窦涛.嘉有黄腐酸肥料在小麦上应用效果试验报告[J].农业科技通讯，2018(2):83-87.WU S C,DOU T.Effect research of fulvic acid fertilizer on wheat[J].Bulletin of Agricultural Science and Technology,2018(2):83-87.
[23]刘宝云，孙萌萌，赵亚楠，等.生物黄腐酸肥料在夏玉米上的应用效果研究[J].腐植酸，2018(1):41-44.LIU B Y,SUN M M,ZHAO Y N,et al.Effect research of biological fulvic acid fertilizer on summer corn[J].Humic Acid,2018(1):41-44.