京津冀天然源挥发性有机物排放研究
|
摘要
为探明2017年京津冀地区天然源挥发性有机物(BVOCs)的空间分布,将研究区划分成3 km分辨率的格网,并通过WRF模型提供气象驱动数据,MODIS影像提供植被功能类型和叶面积指数,最终利用MEGAN模型进行模拟研究.结果表明,该模型将BVOCs分成147个细类,其中主要有异戊二烯、单萜烯41类、半萜烯32类、其他VOC73类.2017年京津冀地区BVOCs排放总量为426.26×10~3 t,四大类别的排放比例依次为29.38%、12.32%、6.24%、52.05%.单萜烯中排放较高的类别是α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、t-β-罗勒烯,而半萜烯中排放较高的是α-法呢烯和β-石竹烯.整个研究区域内BVOCs排放较高的区域位于北部森林与灌丛分布密集的燕山山脉和西南的太行山山脉,其中主要的城市有承德、北京、张家口、保定、石家庄等.排放量较低的地区为廊坊、衡水、天津等地.本研究通过模型模拟得到了京津冀地区2017年高时空分辨率BVOCs排放清单,同时可为以后的大气环境研究提供基础数据.
In order to evaluate the spatial distribution of biogenic VOCs(BVOCs) emissions in Jing-Jin-Ji in 2017, we divide the study area into grids with spatial resolution of 3 km. The information on leaf area index(LAI) and plant functional types(PFT) were based on the remote sensing data. Based on conditions of vegetation and statistical data, emissions of isoprene, 37 monoterpenes, 32 sesquiterpenes, and other volatile organic compounds(OVOC) were estimated using MEGANv2.1 driven by WRF model. Results showed that the total amount BOVCs emissions was 426.26×10~(3 )t, emissions of isoprene, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and OVOC accounting for 29.38%, 12.32%, 6.24% and 52.05%, respectively. α-pinene, β-pinene and t-β-Ocimene, α-farnesene and β-caryophyllene were the large contributors to the total monoterpene and sesquiterpene emissions, respectively. The regions with high emissions were found over northern, southwestern forest regions, Yanshan and Taihang Mountain, corresponding cities are: Chengde, Beijing, Zhangjiakou, Baoding, Shijiazhuang, etc. However, Langfang, Hengshui, Tianjin are the areas with low BVOCs emissions. The inventory of BVOCs emissions of Jing-Jin-Ji achieved in this study is an important groundwork for environmental and climate modeling.
In order to evaluate the spatial distribution of biogenic VOCs(BVOCs) emissions in Jing-Jin-Ji in 2017, we divide the study area into grids with spatial resolution of 3 km. The information on leaf area index(LAI) and plant functional types(PFT) were based on the remote sensing data. Based on conditions of vegetation and statistical data, emissions of isoprene, 37 monoterpenes, 32 sesquiterpenes, and other volatile organic compounds(OVOC) were estimated using MEGANv2.1 driven by WRF model. Results showed that the total amount BOVCs emissions was 426.26×10~(3 )t, emissions of isoprene, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and OVOC accounting for 29.38%, 12.32%, 6.24% and 52.05%, respectively. α-pinene, β-pinene and t-β-Ocimene, α-farnesene and β-caryophyllene were the large contributors to the total monoterpene and sesquiterpene emissions, respectively. The regions with high emissions were found over northern, southwestern forest regions, Yanshan and Taihang Mountain, corresponding cities are: Chengde, Beijing, Zhangjiakou, Baoding, Shijiazhuang, etc. However, Langfang, Hengshui, Tianjin are the areas with low BVOCs emissions. The inventory of BVOCs emissions of Jing-Jin-Ji achieved in this study is an important groundwork for environmental and climate modeling.
引文
Aydin Y M,Yaman B,Koca H,et al.2014.Biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions from forested areas in Turkey:Determination of specific emission rates for thirty-one tree species[J].Science of the Total Environment,490:239-253
Bai J,Guenther A,Turnipseed A,et al.2015.Seasonal and interannual variations in whole-ecosystem isoprene and monoterpene emissions from a temperate mixed forest in Northern China[J].Atmospheric Pollution Research,6(4):696-707
Bai J,Guenther A,Turnipseed A,et al.2017.Seasonal and interannual variations in whole-ecosystem BVOC emissions from a subtropical plantation in China[J].Atmospheric Environment,161:176-190
Bai J,Guenther A,Turnipseed A,et al.2016.Seasonal variations in whole-ecosystem BVOC emissions from a subtropical bamboo plantation in China[J].Atmospheric Environment,124(A):12-21
白建辉,Duhl T,余树全,等.2015.亚热带竹林挥发性有机物排放的模拟[J].生态环境学报,24(12):1923-1937
白建辉,林凤友,万晓伟,等.2012.长白山温带森林挥发性有机物的排放通量[J].环境科学学报,32(3):545-554
Chatani S,Matsunaga S N,Nakatsuka S.2015.Estimate of biogenic VOC emissions in Japan and their effects on photochemical formation of ambient ozone and secondary organic aerosol[J].Atmospheric Environment,120:38-50
陈静,陈丽华,余新晓,等.2016.夏季油松及侧柏单萜烯变化规律及二次有机气溶胶生成潜势的估算[J].水土保持学报,30(1):331-336
陈颖,李德文,史奕,等.2009.沈阳地区典型绿化树种生物源挥发性有机物的排放速率[J].东北林业大学学报,37(3):47-49
Curtis A J,Helmig D,Baroch C,et al.2014.Biogenic volatile organic compound emissions from nine tree species used in an urban tree-planting program[J].Atmospheric Environment,95:634-643
Fang J,Guo Z,Piao S,et al.2007.Terrestrial vegetation carbon sinks in China,1981-2000[J].Science in China Series D-earth Sciences,50(9):1341-1350
Fu Y,Liao H.2012.Simulation of the interannual variations of biogenic emissions of volatile organic compounds in China:Impacts on tropospheric ozone and secondary organic aerosol[J].Atmospheric Environment,59:170-185
Geron C D,Daly R W,Arnts R R,et al.2016.Canopy level emissions of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol,monoterpenes,and sesquiterpenes from an experimental Pinus taeda plantation[J].Science of the Total Environment,565:730-741
Guenther A,Hewitt C N,Erickson D,et al.1995.A global model of natural volatile organic compound emissions[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,100:8873-8892
Guenther A,Otter L,Zimmerman P,et al.1996.Biogenic hydrocarbon emissions from southern African savannas[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,101(D20):25859-25865
Guenther A,Baugh B,Brasseur G,et al.1999.Isoprene emission estimates and uncertainties for the Central African EXPRESSO study domain[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,104(D23):30625-30639
Guenther A,Jiang X,Heald C L,et al.2012.The Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature version 2.1 (MEGAN2.1):an extended and updated framework for modeling biogenic emissions[J].Geoscientific Model Development,5:1471-1492
韩丽,陈军辉,吕晓彤,等.2018.四川地区天然源挥发性有机物排放清单研究[J].环境污染与防治,40(2):203-209
何念鹏.2005.锡林河流域温带草地植物VOC释放及其对草地生态系统碳循环的贡献[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院(植物研究所)
胡春芳,袁相洋,田媛,等.2018.常见花卉植物释放挥发性有机化合物的研究进展[J].生态学杂志,37(2):588-595
胡泳涛,张远航,谢绍东,等.2001.区域高时空分辨率VOC天然源排放清单的建立[J].环境科学,22(6):1-6
霍晓娜,李湛东,马卓,等.2010.北京市公园绿地中乔木优势树种的比较分析[J].北京林业大学学报,32(S1):168-172
Kuang B Y,Lin P,Hu M,et al.2016.Aerosol size distribution characteristics of organosulfates in the Pearl River Delta region,China[J].Atmospheric Environment,130(SI):23-35
Klinger L F,Li Q J,Guenther A B,et al.2002.Assessment of volatile organic compound emissions form ecosystems of China[J].Geophysical Research,107(D21):1-21
Leung D Y C,Wong P,Cheung B K H,et al.2010.Improved land cover and emission factors for modeling biogenic volatile organic compounds emissions from Hong Kong[J].Atmospheric Environment,44(11SI):1456-1468
Levis S,Wiedinmyer C,Bonan G B,et al.2003.Simulating biogenic volatile organic compound emissions in the Community Climate System Model[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,108(21):1-16
Li M,Huang X,Li J,et al.2012.Estimation of biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions from the terrestrial ecosystem in China using real-time remote sensing data[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions,12(3):6551-6592
李娟,王成,彭镇华,等.2011.侧柏春季挥发物浓度日变化规律及其影响因子研究[J].林业科学研究,24(1):82-90
Li J,Li L F,Wu R R,et al.2016.Inventory of highly resolved temporal and spatial volatile organic compounds emission in China[C].Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Modelling,Monitoring and Management of Air Pollution (AIR 2016).Crete,Greece
李俊仪,田梁宇,伦小秀,等.2017.北京地区植物源挥发性有机物(BVOCs)排放清单[J].环境化学,36(4):776-786
Li L Y,Chen Y,Xie S D.2013.Spatio-temporal variation of biogenic volatile organic compounds emissions in China[J].Environmental Pollution,182:157-168
Li L Y,Xie S D.2014.Historical variations of biogenic volatile organic compound emission inventories in China,1981-2003[J].Atmospheric Enviroment,95:185-196
刘岩,李莉,安静宇,等.2018.长江三角洲2014年天然源BVOCs排放、组成及时空分布[J].环境科学,39(2):608-617
吕铃钥,李洪远,杨佳楠.2015.中国植物挥发性有机化合物排放估算研究进展[J].环境污染与防治,37(11):83-89
Meeningen Y V,Wang M,Karlsson T,et al.2017.Isoprenoid emission variation of Norway spruce across a European latitudinal transect[J].Atmospheric Environment,170:45-57
Mozaffar A,Schoon N,Bachy A,et al.2018.Biogenic volatile organic compound emissions from senescent maize leaves Chock for and a comparison with other leaf developmental stages[J].Atmospheric Environment,176:71-81
Penuelas J,Staudt M.2010.BVOCs and global change[J].Trends in Plant Science,15(3):133-144
Poupkou A,Giannaros T,Markakis K,et al.2010.A model for european biogenic volatile organic compound emissions:Software development and first validation[J].Environmental Modelling & Software,25(12):1845-1856
Sindelarova K,Granier C,Bouarar I,et al.2014.Global data set of biogenic VOC emissions calculated by the MEGAN model over the last 30 years[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,14(17):9317-9341
Situ S,Wang X,Guenther A,et al.2014.Uncertainties of isoprene emissions in the MEGAN model estimated for a coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in Southern China[J].Atmospheric Environment,98:105-110
司徒淑娉,王雪梅,Guenther A,等.2009.典型夏季珠江三角洲地区植被的异戊二烯排放[J].环境科学学报,29 (4):822-829
宋媛媛,张艳燕,王勤耕,等.2012.基于遥感资料的中国东部地区植被VOCs排放强度研究[J].环境科学学报,32(9):2216-2227
Tie X X,Li G H,Ying Z,et al.2006.Biogenic emissions of isoprenoids and NO in China and comparison to anthropogenic emissions[J].Science of the Total Environment,371:238-251
Tsui J K,Guenther A,Yip W K,et al.2009.A biogenic volatile organic compound emission inventory for Hong Kong[J].Atmospheric Environment,40(43):6442-6448
Wang P,Schade G,Estes M,et al.2017.Improved MEGAN predictions of biogenic isoprene in the contiguous United States[J].Atmospheric Environment,148:337-351
Wang X P,Mauzerall D L,Hu Y T,et al.2005.A high-resolution emission inventory for eastern China in 2000 and three scenarios for 2020[J].Atmospheric Environment,39:5917-5933
Wang X,Situ S,Guenther A,et al.2011.Spatiotemporal variability of biogenic terpenoid emissions in Pearl River Delta,China,with high resolution land cover and meteorological data[J].Tellus B,63(2):241-254
Wang X,Situ S,Chen W,et al.2016.Numerical model to quantify biogenic volatile organic compound emissions:The Pearl River Delta region as a case study[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,46:72-82
王彦芳,刘敏,郭英.2018.1982—2015年河北省生态环境支撑区植被覆盖动态及其可持续性[J].林业资源管理,2(1):117-125
Wang Z H,Bai Y H,Zhang S Y.2003.A biogenic volatile organic compounds emission inventory for Beijing[J].Atmospheric Environment,37(27):3771-3782
王志辉,张树宇,陆思华,等.2003.北京地区植物VOCs排放速率的测定[J].环境科学,24(2):7-12
吴建国,徐天莹.2018.气候变化对太岳山中部油松单萜烯排放的影响[J].中国环境科学,38(1):1-13
谢军飞,李延明.2013.植物源挥发性有机化合物排放清单的研究进展[J].环境科学,34(12):4779-4786
谢小洋,冯永忠,王得祥,等.2016.5种园林树木挥发性成分分析[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),44(7):146-153
谢扬飏,邵敏,陆思华,等.2007.北京市园林绿地植被挥发性有机物排放的估算[J].中国环境科学,27(4):498-502
徐敏云,李运起,王堃,等.2009.河北省草地资源分布及植被特征动态[J].草业学报,18(6):1-11
张富华,黄明祥,张晶,等.2014 生物源挥发性有机物(BVOCs)排放模型及排放模拟研究综述[J].中国环境管理,1(6):30-43
张钢锋,谢绍东.2009.基于树种蓄积量的中国森林VOC排放估算[J].环境科学,30(10):2816-2822.
赵静,白郁华,王志辉,等.2004.我国植物VOCs排放速率的研究[J].中国环境科学,24(6):15-18
Zhang R,Cohan A,Biazar A P,et al.2017.Source apportionment of biogenic contributions to ozone formation over the United States[J].Atmospheric Environment,164:8-19
Zheng J Y,Zheng Z Y,Yu Y F,et al.2010.Temporal,spatial characteristics and uncertainty of biogenic VOC emission in the Pearl River Delta region,China[J].Atmospheric Environment,16(44):1960-1969
Bai J,Guenther A,Turnipseed A,et al.2015.Seasonal and interannual variations in whole-ecosystem isoprene and monoterpene emissions from a temperate mixed forest in Northern China[J].Atmospheric Pollution Research,6(4):696-707
Bai J,Guenther A,Turnipseed A,et al.2017.Seasonal and interannual variations in whole-ecosystem BVOC emissions from a subtropical plantation in China[J].Atmospheric Environment,161:176-190
Bai J,Guenther A,Turnipseed A,et al.2016.Seasonal variations in whole-ecosystem BVOC emissions from a subtropical bamboo plantation in China[J].Atmospheric Environment,124(A):12-21
白建辉,Duhl T,余树全,等.2015.亚热带竹林挥发性有机物排放的模拟[J].生态环境学报,24(12):1923-1937
白建辉,林凤友,万晓伟,等.2012.长白山温带森林挥发性有机物的排放通量[J].环境科学学报,32(3):545-554
Chatani S,Matsunaga S N,Nakatsuka S.2015.Estimate of biogenic VOC emissions in Japan and their effects on photochemical formation of ambient ozone and secondary organic aerosol[J].Atmospheric Environment,120:38-50
陈静,陈丽华,余新晓,等.2016.夏季油松及侧柏单萜烯变化规律及二次有机气溶胶生成潜势的估算[J].水土保持学报,30(1):331-336
陈颖,李德文,史奕,等.2009.沈阳地区典型绿化树种生物源挥发性有机物的排放速率[J].东北林业大学学报,37(3):47-49
Curtis A J,Helmig D,Baroch C,et al.2014.Biogenic volatile organic compound emissions from nine tree species used in an urban tree-planting program[J].Atmospheric Environment,95:634-643
Fang J,Guo Z,Piao S,et al.2007.Terrestrial vegetation carbon sinks in China,1981-2000[J].Science in China Series D-earth Sciences,50(9):1341-1350
Fu Y,Liao H.2012.Simulation of the interannual variations of biogenic emissions of volatile organic compounds in China:Impacts on tropospheric ozone and secondary organic aerosol[J].Atmospheric Environment,59:170-185
Geron C D,Daly R W,Arnts R R,et al.2016.Canopy level emissions of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol,monoterpenes,and sesquiterpenes from an experimental Pinus taeda plantation[J].Science of the Total Environment,565:730-741
Guenther A,Hewitt C N,Erickson D,et al.1995.A global model of natural volatile organic compound emissions[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,100:8873-8892
Guenther A,Otter L,Zimmerman P,et al.1996.Biogenic hydrocarbon emissions from southern African savannas[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,101(D20):25859-25865
Guenther A,Baugh B,Brasseur G,et al.1999.Isoprene emission estimates and uncertainties for the Central African EXPRESSO study domain[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,104(D23):30625-30639
Guenther A,Jiang X,Heald C L,et al.2012.The Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature version 2.1 (MEGAN2.1):an extended and updated framework for modeling biogenic emissions[J].Geoscientific Model Development,5:1471-1492
韩丽,陈军辉,吕晓彤,等.2018.四川地区天然源挥发性有机物排放清单研究[J].环境污染与防治,40(2):203-209
何念鹏.2005.锡林河流域温带草地植物VOC释放及其对草地生态系统碳循环的贡献[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院(植物研究所)
胡春芳,袁相洋,田媛,等.2018.常见花卉植物释放挥发性有机化合物的研究进展[J].生态学杂志,37(2):588-595
胡泳涛,张远航,谢绍东,等.2001.区域高时空分辨率VOC天然源排放清单的建立[J].环境科学,22(6):1-6
霍晓娜,李湛东,马卓,等.2010.北京市公园绿地中乔木优势树种的比较分析[J].北京林业大学学报,32(S1):168-172
Kuang B Y,Lin P,Hu M,et al.2016.Aerosol size distribution characteristics of organosulfates in the Pearl River Delta region,China[J].Atmospheric Environment,130(SI):23-35
Klinger L F,Li Q J,Guenther A B,et al.2002.Assessment of volatile organic compound emissions form ecosystems of China[J].Geophysical Research,107(D21):1-21
Leung D Y C,Wong P,Cheung B K H,et al.2010.Improved land cover and emission factors for modeling biogenic volatile organic compounds emissions from Hong Kong[J].Atmospheric Environment,44(11SI):1456-1468
Levis S,Wiedinmyer C,Bonan G B,et al.2003.Simulating biogenic volatile organic compound emissions in the Community Climate System Model[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,108(21):1-16
Li M,Huang X,Li J,et al.2012.Estimation of biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions from the terrestrial ecosystem in China using real-time remote sensing data[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions,12(3):6551-6592
李娟,王成,彭镇华,等.2011.侧柏春季挥发物浓度日变化规律及其影响因子研究[J].林业科学研究,24(1):82-90
Li J,Li L F,Wu R R,et al.2016.Inventory of highly resolved temporal and spatial volatile organic compounds emission in China[C].Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Modelling,Monitoring and Management of Air Pollution (AIR 2016).Crete,Greece
李俊仪,田梁宇,伦小秀,等.2017.北京地区植物源挥发性有机物(BVOCs)排放清单[J].环境化学,36(4):776-786
Li L Y,Chen Y,Xie S D.2013.Spatio-temporal variation of biogenic volatile organic compounds emissions in China[J].Environmental Pollution,182:157-168
Li L Y,Xie S D.2014.Historical variations of biogenic volatile organic compound emission inventories in China,1981-2003[J].Atmospheric Enviroment,95:185-196
刘岩,李莉,安静宇,等.2018.长江三角洲2014年天然源BVOCs排放、组成及时空分布[J].环境科学,39(2):608-617
吕铃钥,李洪远,杨佳楠.2015.中国植物挥发性有机化合物排放估算研究进展[J].环境污染与防治,37(11):83-89
Meeningen Y V,Wang M,Karlsson T,et al.2017.Isoprenoid emission variation of Norway spruce across a European latitudinal transect[J].Atmospheric Environment,170:45-57
Mozaffar A,Schoon N,Bachy A,et al.2018.Biogenic volatile organic compound emissions from senescent maize leaves Chock for and a comparison with other leaf developmental stages[J].Atmospheric Environment,176:71-81
Penuelas J,Staudt M.2010.BVOCs and global change[J].Trends in Plant Science,15(3):133-144
Poupkou A,Giannaros T,Markakis K,et al.2010.A model for european biogenic volatile organic compound emissions:Software development and first validation[J].Environmental Modelling & Software,25(12):1845-1856
Sindelarova K,Granier C,Bouarar I,et al.2014.Global data set of biogenic VOC emissions calculated by the MEGAN model over the last 30 years[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,14(17):9317-9341
Situ S,Wang X,Guenther A,et al.2014.Uncertainties of isoprene emissions in the MEGAN model estimated for a coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in Southern China[J].Atmospheric Environment,98:105-110
司徒淑娉,王雪梅,Guenther A,等.2009.典型夏季珠江三角洲地区植被的异戊二烯排放[J].环境科学学报,29 (4):822-829
宋媛媛,张艳燕,王勤耕,等.2012.基于遥感资料的中国东部地区植被VOCs排放强度研究[J].环境科学学报,32(9):2216-2227
Tie X X,Li G H,Ying Z,et al.2006.Biogenic emissions of isoprenoids and NO in China and comparison to anthropogenic emissions[J].Science of the Total Environment,371:238-251
Tsui J K,Guenther A,Yip W K,et al.2009.A biogenic volatile organic compound emission inventory for Hong Kong[J].Atmospheric Environment,40(43):6442-6448
Wang P,Schade G,Estes M,et al.2017.Improved MEGAN predictions of biogenic isoprene in the contiguous United States[J].Atmospheric Environment,148:337-351
Wang X P,Mauzerall D L,Hu Y T,et al.2005.A high-resolution emission inventory for eastern China in 2000 and three scenarios for 2020[J].Atmospheric Environment,39:5917-5933
Wang X,Situ S,Guenther A,et al.2011.Spatiotemporal variability of biogenic terpenoid emissions in Pearl River Delta,China,with high resolution land cover and meteorological data[J].Tellus B,63(2):241-254
Wang X,Situ S,Chen W,et al.2016.Numerical model to quantify biogenic volatile organic compound emissions:The Pearl River Delta region as a case study[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,46:72-82
王彦芳,刘敏,郭英.2018.1982—2015年河北省生态环境支撑区植被覆盖动态及其可持续性[J].林业资源管理,2(1):117-125
Wang Z H,Bai Y H,Zhang S Y.2003.A biogenic volatile organic compounds emission inventory for Beijing[J].Atmospheric Environment,37(27):3771-3782
王志辉,张树宇,陆思华,等.2003.北京地区植物VOCs排放速率的测定[J].环境科学,24(2):7-12
吴建国,徐天莹.2018.气候变化对太岳山中部油松单萜烯排放的影响[J].中国环境科学,38(1):1-13
谢军飞,李延明.2013.植物源挥发性有机化合物排放清单的研究进展[J].环境科学,34(12):4779-4786
谢小洋,冯永忠,王得祥,等.2016.5种园林树木挥发性成分分析[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),44(7):146-153
谢扬飏,邵敏,陆思华,等.2007.北京市园林绿地植被挥发性有机物排放的估算[J].中国环境科学,27(4):498-502
徐敏云,李运起,王堃,等.2009.河北省草地资源分布及植被特征动态[J].草业学报,18(6):1-11
张富华,黄明祥,张晶,等.2014 生物源挥发性有机物(BVOCs)排放模型及排放模拟研究综述[J].中国环境管理,1(6):30-43
张钢锋,谢绍东.2009.基于树种蓄积量的中国森林VOC排放估算[J].环境科学,30(10):2816-2822.
赵静,白郁华,王志辉,等.2004.我国植物VOCs排放速率的研究[J].中国环境科学,24(6):15-18
Zhang R,Cohan A,Biazar A P,et al.2017.Source apportionment of biogenic contributions to ozone formation over the United States[J].Atmospheric Environment,164:8-19
Zheng J Y,Zheng Z Y,Yu Y F,et al.2010.Temporal,spatial characteristics and uncertainty of biogenic VOC emission in the Pearl River Delta region,China[J].Atmospheric Environment,16(44):1960-1969