盐分对棉花光合特性及根际土壤CO_2浓度的影响
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摘要
为了探寻不同盐分含量土壤棉花生长根际CO2浓度与光合指标之间的关系,通过桶栽试验,对4种盐分(CK:0%,F1:0.2%,F2:0.4%,F3:0.6%)处理下2种质地(砂土和壤土)土壤CO2浓度和棉花光合特征的变化规律进行了研究。结果表明:随着棉花生育期的推进,壤土和砂土的土壤CO2浓度均呈先升高后降低的"单峰"曲线变化趋势,峰值出现在花铃期,分别高达17 061.95,17 572.00μmol/mol。在盐分处理下不同质地土壤CO2浓度随土层深度的增加而增加,50cm处土壤CO2浓度均值为13 540.32μmol/mol,是表层10cm处的近2倍。随着盐分含量的增加,2种质地土壤CO2浓度差异显著,均呈下降趋势,且壤土CO2浓度明显高于砂土;盐分和土壤质地类型的相互作用对棉花净光合速率(Pn)达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。同一土壤质地类型条件下,各生育期棉花Pn随着盐分含量的增加而减小,均在F3处理下达到最小值,盐分含量较低时对棉花光合指标的影响不显著(P>0.05);同一盐分处理下,不同土壤质地棉花Pn差异显著,表现为壤土>砂土。不同盐分处理下2种质地土壤CO2浓度与棉花净光合速率之间密切相关,棉花Pn能够解释根际土壤CO2浓度变化的81.2%,说明盐分和土壤质地类型通过棉花净光合速率影响土壤CO2浓度的大小。研究结果可为作物生长环境提供理论参考。
In order to explore the relationship between photosynthetic index and the variation of CO2 concentration in the rhizosphere of cotton soils with different salinity contents,four different salinity treatments(CK:0%,F1:0.2%,F2:0.4%,F3:0.6%)were set,and the variation of soil CO2 concentration and photosynthetic characteristics of cotton under two soil texture(sandy soil and loam soil)were studied in barrel cultivated cotton.The results showed that with the development of cotton growth period,the CO2 concentration of the two soil textures both increased first and then decreased,and the peak values appeared at the flowering and boll stage,and the maximum CO2 concentration was 17 061.95μmol/mol in loam and 17 572.00μmol/mol in sandy soil.Under the salt treatments,the soil CO2 concentration of the two soil textures both increased with the increasing of soil depth.The average value of soil CO2 concentration at 50 cm soil depth was 13 540.32μmol/mol,which was nearly two times that of the surface layer at 10 cm depth.With the increasing of salinity content,the difference of CO2 concentration between the two texture soils was significant,both of them showed a downward trend,and the CO2 concentration of loam soil was significantly higher than that of sandy soil.The interaction between salinity content and soil texture had extremely significant effects on net photosynthetic rate(Pn)of cotton(P<0.01).Under the same soil texture condition,Pn of cotton showed a downward trend with the increasing of salinity content at different growth stages,and reached the minimum value in F3 treatment,but the effect of low salinity content on cotton photosynthesis index was not significant(P>0.05).Under the same salinity treatment,there was significant difference inPnof cotton between different soil textures,showing loam > sandy soil.There was a close correlation between CO2 concentration of two soil textures and cotton net photosynthetic rate under different salinity treatments,and cotton Pncould explain 81.2% of the variation of CO2 concentration in rhizosphere soil,which indicated that salinity content and soil texture type affected soil CO2 concentration through cotton net photosynthetic rate.The results could provide a theoretical reference for the growth environment of crop.
In order to explore the relationship between photosynthetic index and the variation of CO2 concentration in the rhizosphere of cotton soils with different salinity contents,four different salinity treatments(CK:0%,F1:0.2%,F2:0.4%,F3:0.6%)were set,and the variation of soil CO2 concentration and photosynthetic characteristics of cotton under two soil texture(sandy soil and loam soil)were studied in barrel cultivated cotton.The results showed that with the development of cotton growth period,the CO2 concentration of the two soil textures both increased first and then decreased,and the peak values appeared at the flowering and boll stage,and the maximum CO2 concentration was 17 061.95μmol/mol in loam and 17 572.00μmol/mol in sandy soil.Under the salt treatments,the soil CO2 concentration of the two soil textures both increased with the increasing of soil depth.The average value of soil CO2 concentration at 50 cm soil depth was 13 540.32μmol/mol,which was nearly two times that of the surface layer at 10 cm depth.With the increasing of salinity content,the difference of CO2 concentration between the two texture soils was significant,both of them showed a downward trend,and the CO2 concentration of loam soil was significantly higher than that of sandy soil.The interaction between salinity content and soil texture had extremely significant effects on net photosynthetic rate(Pn)of cotton(P<0.01).Under the same soil texture condition,Pn of cotton showed a downward trend with the increasing of salinity content at different growth stages,and reached the minimum value in F3 treatment,but the effect of low salinity content on cotton photosynthesis index was not significant(P>0.05).Under the same salinity treatment,there was significant difference inPnof cotton between different soil textures,showing loam > sandy soil.There was a close correlation between CO2 concentration of two soil textures and cotton net photosynthetic rate under different salinity treatments,and cotton Pncould explain 81.2% of the variation of CO2 concentration in rhizosphere soil,which indicated that salinity content and soil texture type affected soil CO2 concentration through cotton net photosynthetic rate.The results could provide a theoretical reference for the growth environment of crop.
引文
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[17]林力涛,孙学凯,雷倩,等.光合速率与光合条件对沙质草地土壤呼吸的调控作用[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(7):2107-2113.
[18] H9gberg P,Nordgren A,Buchmann N,et al.Large-scale forest girdling shows that current photosynthesis drives soil respiration[J].Nature,2001,411(6839):789.
[19] Bahn M,Rodeghiero M,Andersondunn M,et al.Soil respiration in European grasslands in relation to climate and assimilate supply[J].Ecosystems,2008,11(8):1352-1367.
[20]郁珊珊,王浩,王亚军.福州市绿地生态系统光合特性及土壤呼吸研究[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(6):483-488.
[2]朱延凯,王振华,李文昊.不同盐胁迫对滴灌棉花生理生长及产量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(2):298-305.
[3]郭丽,郑春莲,曹彩云,等.长期咸水灌溉对小麦光合特性与土壤盐分的影响[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(1):183-190.
[4]路海东,薛吉全,马国胜,等.陕西榆林春玉米高产田土壤理化性状及根系分布[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(4):895-900.
[5]李晓莎,武宁,刘玲,等.不同秸秆还田和耕作方式对夏玉米农田土壤呼吸及微生物活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(6):1765-1771.
[6]徐华,邢光熹,蔡祖聪,等.土壤质地对小麦和棉花田N2O排放的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2000,19(1):1-3.
[7] Kusa K,Sawamoto T,Hu R,et al.Comparison of N2O and CO2concentrations and fluxes in the soil profile between a Gray Lowland soil and an Andosol[J].Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,2010,56(1):186-199.
[8] WangY Y,Hu C S,Ming H,et al.Concentration profiles of CH4,CO2and N2O in soils of a wheat-maize rotation ecosystem in North China Plain,measured weekly over a whole year[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2013,164(1):260-272.
[9]赵志敏,赵成义,于波,等.基于GMP222连续测定土壤剖面CO2浓度的干旱区棉田土壤呼吸研究[C]//中国农业生态环境保护协会.第四届全国农业环境科学学术研讨会论文集.天津:农业环境科学学报,2011:640-650.
[10]操庆,曹海生,魏晓兰,等.盐胁迫对设施土壤微生物量碳氮和酶活性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(4):300-304.
[11] Dilustro J J,Collins B,Duncan L,et al.Moisture and soil texture effects on soil CO2 efflux components in southeastern mixed pine forests[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2005,204(1):87-97.
[12] Cable J M,Ogle K,Williams D G,et al.Soil texture drives responses of soil respiration to precipitation pulses in the Sonoran Desert:Implications for climate change[J].Ecosystems,2008,11(6):961-979.
[13]张雷,张国伟,孟亚利,等.盐分条件下棉花相关生理特性的变化及水分胁迫指数模型的构建[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(18):3768-3775.
[14]阿曼古丽·买买提阿力,王立红,郑慧,等.盐胁迫对海岛棉幼苗生长的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(2):121-126.
[15]邵云,刘会娟,胡永娟,等.土壤质地对铬胁迫下小麦灌浆期形态与旗叶光合特性的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2012,32(6):1150-1155.
[16]井艳丽,关德新,吴家兵,等.光合作用调控土壤呼吸研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(1):269-276.
[17]林力涛,孙学凯,雷倩,等.光合速率与光合条件对沙质草地土壤呼吸的调控作用[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(7):2107-2113.
[18] H9gberg P,Nordgren A,Buchmann N,et al.Large-scale forest girdling shows that current photosynthesis drives soil respiration[J].Nature,2001,411(6839):789.
[19] Bahn M,Rodeghiero M,Andersondunn M,et al.Soil respiration in European grasslands in relation to climate and assimilate supply[J].Ecosystems,2008,11(8):1352-1367.
[20]郁珊珊,王浩,王亚军.福州市绿地生态系统光合特性及土壤呼吸研究[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(6):483-488.