滴灌条件下不同磷肥品种对土壤磷有效性及玉米产量的影响
|
摘要
通过模拟试验及田间试验研究不同磷肥施用后对土壤磷有效性的动态变化和分布特点,以及玉米磷吸收和产量响应的影响。田间和模拟试验包括4个处理,分别为对照(不施磷肥)、MAP(磷酸一铵)、UP(磷酸脲)和AAP(水溶性聚磷酸铵)。模拟试验中,不同磷肥均提高土壤中有效磷含量,APP处理10—15 cm土层有效磷含量增加最多。在均匀的养分投入和管理水平下,3种磷肥品种均有土壤酸化效果,其中UP处理最为显著。田间试验中,玉米生长后期,APP处理的土壤有效磷含量在深层土壤分布较高,UP处理土壤pH较低,均有利于改善土壤的供磷能力,提高土壤有效磷含量;APP处理对根系发育有显著的促进作用,玉米组织磷含量和磷吸收量最大,产量最高(14.40 t/hm~2)。3种磷肥中,APP处理移动性较好,土壤深层有效磷含量增加,利于根系生长和养分的吸收,提高产量。水溶性聚磷酸铵(APP)是一种适合于玉米灌溉施肥的肥料。
The effects of different phosphorus(P) fertilizers on the dynamics and distribution of soil P availability and the maize P uptake and yield were studied by the simulation experiments and field experiments. Both experiments included 4 P fertilizers application treatments respectively, which were control(no phosphate fertilizer), MAP(monoammonium phosphate), UP(urea phosphate), and AAP(water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate). In the simulation experiments, the available P contents in soil were increased by different P fertilizers, and the highest P content was observed in the APP applied soil of 10—15 cm. Under the general nutrient input and management level, soil acidification was found in all three P fertilizers treatments, of which UP gave the most significance. In the field experiment, the available P content in soil treated by APP was higher in deep soil at the late growing period of maize, and the pH value of soil treated by UP was lower, both of which were conducive to improving soil P supply capacity and improving soil available P content. The APP application had a significant promoting effect on root development, resulting in the highest P content and P absorption in maize tissues and the highest yield(14.40 t/hm~2). Among the three P fertilizers, APP mobility was relatively better, resulting in the increased contents of available P in the deep soil, which could be conducive to root growth and nutrient absorption, and improving maize yield. Therefore, APP is a kind of P fertilizer suitable for maize water and fertilizer management.
The effects of different phosphorus(P) fertilizers on the dynamics and distribution of soil P availability and the maize P uptake and yield were studied by the simulation experiments and field experiments. Both experiments included 4 P fertilizers application treatments respectively, which were control(no phosphate fertilizer), MAP(monoammonium phosphate), UP(urea phosphate), and AAP(water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate). In the simulation experiments, the available P contents in soil were increased by different P fertilizers, and the highest P content was observed in the APP applied soil of 10—15 cm. Under the general nutrient input and management level, soil acidification was found in all three P fertilizers treatments, of which UP gave the most significance. In the field experiment, the available P content in soil treated by APP was higher in deep soil at the late growing period of maize, and the pH value of soil treated by UP was lower, both of which were conducive to improving soil P supply capacity and improving soil available P content. The APP application had a significant promoting effect on root development, resulting in the highest P content and P absorption in maize tissues and the highest yield(14.40 t/hm~2). Among the three P fertilizers, APP mobility was relatively better, resulting in the increased contents of available P in the deep soil, which could be conducive to root growth and nutrient absorption, and improving maize yield. Therefore, APP is a kind of P fertilizer suitable for maize water and fertilizer management.
引文
[1] 王西和,刘骅,孙雪晴,等.大量元素水溶肥在棉花上的应用研究[J].新疆农业科学,2015,52(10):1836-1842.
[2] 高鹏,简红忠,魏样,等.水肥一体化技术的应用现状与发展前景[J].现代农业科技,2012(8):250-250.
[3] Wen Z H, Shen J B, Martin B, et al. Combined applications of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers with manure increase maize yield and nutrient uptake via stimulating root growth in a long-term experiment[J].Pedosphere,2016,26(1):62-73.
[4] 王莎莎.不同磷肥品种及表面活性剂对磷在土壤中移动性的影响[D].广州:华南农业大学,2016.
[5] 安迪,杨令,王冠达,等.磷在土壤中的固定机制和磷肥的高效利用[J].化工进展,2013,32(8):1967-1973.
[6] 李青军,张炎,哈丽哈什·依巴提,等.膜下滴灌棉花对3种水溶性磷肥的利用效率和产量响应[J].棉花学报,2018,30(2):172-179.
[7] 陈家杰,关钰,王静,等.新疆农田施磷量、磷肥效率及磷肥品种长期演变[J].新疆农业科学,2016,53(10):1858-1866.
[8] 赵红华,危常州,候建伟,等.滴灌下酸性物质对石灰性土壤磷有效性及作物吸收的影响[J].土壤通报,2015,47(5):847-852.
[9] 黄致华,王娟,李言言,等.复配酸化对滴灌条件下石灰性土壤pH、磷有效性及玉米吸收的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2017,54(4):660-666.
[10] 王静,叶壮,褚贵新.水磷一体化对磷素有效性与磷肥利用率的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(11):1377-1383.
[11] 王方进.低聚磷酸铵肥料的合成及其在土壤中的转化研究[D].山东泰安:山东农业大学,2014.
[12] 史建硕,张彦才,王丽英,等.聚磷酸铵水溶肥对设施番茄产量、品质、氮素吸收及利用的影响[J].华北学报,2015,30(增刊1):465-470.
[13] 王建军.山西晋中市石灰性土壤无机磷细菌的分离鉴定研究[D].山西晋中:西北师范大学,2015.
[14] 张宏伟,陈志泉.腐殖酸共聚物改良后土壤中磷肥有效性的研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2002(6):39-40.
[15] 赵红华.滴灌条件下土壤酸化对石灰性土壤磷锌有效性影响及其生物效应[D].新疆石河子:石河子大学,2015.
[16] Leytem A B, Westermann D T, et al. Phosphate sorption by Pacific Northwest calcareous soils[J].Soil Science,2003,168(5):368-375.
[17] 张莉,王婧,逄焕成,等.碱胁迫下磷酸脲降低土壤pH值促进菠菜生长[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(2):148-154.
[18] 谢萍,李军,陈亮.磷酸脲生产中的相平衡研究[J].磷肥与复肥,2006,21(3):15-16.
[19] 王静.不同施磷策略对磷在土壤中移动、转化及磷肥利用率的影响[D].新疆石河子:石河子大学,2016.
[20] 高艳菊,刘腾,亢龙飞,等.聚磷酸铵肥料聚合度与聚合率测定方法比较[J].新疆农业科学,2017,54(10):1822-1831.
[21] 彭云峰,张吴平,李春俭.不同氮吸收效率玉米品种的根系构型差异比较:模拟与应用[J].中国农业科学,2009(3):843-853.
[22] 张瑜,刘海涛,周亚平,等.田间玉米和蚕豆对低磷胁迫响应的差异比较[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(4):911-919.
[23] 申婷婷,李金,苏贺,等.低磷胁迫对转基因抗虫玉米苗期Bt蛋白和磷利用效率的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2015,20(3):15-23.
[2] 高鹏,简红忠,魏样,等.水肥一体化技术的应用现状与发展前景[J].现代农业科技,2012(8):250-250.
[3] Wen Z H, Shen J B, Martin B, et al. Combined applications of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers with manure increase maize yield and nutrient uptake via stimulating root growth in a long-term experiment[J].Pedosphere,2016,26(1):62-73.
[4] 王莎莎.不同磷肥品种及表面活性剂对磷在土壤中移动性的影响[D].广州:华南农业大学,2016.
[5] 安迪,杨令,王冠达,等.磷在土壤中的固定机制和磷肥的高效利用[J].化工进展,2013,32(8):1967-1973.
[6] 李青军,张炎,哈丽哈什·依巴提,等.膜下滴灌棉花对3种水溶性磷肥的利用效率和产量响应[J].棉花学报,2018,30(2):172-179.
[7] 陈家杰,关钰,王静,等.新疆农田施磷量、磷肥效率及磷肥品种长期演变[J].新疆农业科学,2016,53(10):1858-1866.
[8] 赵红华,危常州,候建伟,等.滴灌下酸性物质对石灰性土壤磷有效性及作物吸收的影响[J].土壤通报,2015,47(5):847-852.
[9] 黄致华,王娟,李言言,等.复配酸化对滴灌条件下石灰性土壤pH、磷有效性及玉米吸收的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2017,54(4):660-666.
[10] 王静,叶壮,褚贵新.水磷一体化对磷素有效性与磷肥利用率的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(11):1377-1383.
[11] 王方进.低聚磷酸铵肥料的合成及其在土壤中的转化研究[D].山东泰安:山东农业大学,2014.
[12] 史建硕,张彦才,王丽英,等.聚磷酸铵水溶肥对设施番茄产量、品质、氮素吸收及利用的影响[J].华北学报,2015,30(增刊1):465-470.
[13] 王建军.山西晋中市石灰性土壤无机磷细菌的分离鉴定研究[D].山西晋中:西北师范大学,2015.
[14] 张宏伟,陈志泉.腐殖酸共聚物改良后土壤中磷肥有效性的研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2002(6):39-40.
[15] 赵红华.滴灌条件下土壤酸化对石灰性土壤磷锌有效性影响及其生物效应[D].新疆石河子:石河子大学,2015.
[16] Leytem A B, Westermann D T, et al. Phosphate sorption by Pacific Northwest calcareous soils[J].Soil Science,2003,168(5):368-375.
[17] 张莉,王婧,逄焕成,等.碱胁迫下磷酸脲降低土壤pH值促进菠菜生长[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(2):148-154.
[18] 谢萍,李军,陈亮.磷酸脲生产中的相平衡研究[J].磷肥与复肥,2006,21(3):15-16.
[19] 王静.不同施磷策略对磷在土壤中移动、转化及磷肥利用率的影响[D].新疆石河子:石河子大学,2016.
[20] 高艳菊,刘腾,亢龙飞,等.聚磷酸铵肥料聚合度与聚合率测定方法比较[J].新疆农业科学,2017,54(10):1822-1831.
[21] 彭云峰,张吴平,李春俭.不同氮吸收效率玉米品种的根系构型差异比较:模拟与应用[J].中国农业科学,2009(3):843-853.
[22] 张瑜,刘海涛,周亚平,等.田间玉米和蚕豆对低磷胁迫响应的差异比较[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(4):911-919.
[23] 申婷婷,李金,苏贺,等.低磷胁迫对转基因抗虫玉米苗期Bt蛋白和磷利用效率的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2015,20(3):15-23.