西藏高寒退化草地短期恢复后的抗牧性能研究
|
摘要
试验运用对比方法,对西藏高寒地区初步修复的草地进行放牧试验,调查统计草地杂草的密度、盖度、高度及盖度,分析不同措施下杂草多样性和地上生物量,以探讨其抗牧能力.结果表明:移栽处理植物总密度为405.78株/m~2,低于对照的总密度545.78株/m~2,处理间差异不显著(P>0.05;n=9);移栽处理总盖度为39.56%,是对照的1.41倍,二者差异不显著(P>0.05;n=9);移栽处理总生物量12.08 g/m~2,为对照的1.67倍,差异并不显著(P>0.05;n=9);移栽处理的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数是CK的1.03倍,Pielou均匀度指数是CK的85.33%,Margalef物种丰富度指数是CK的1.33倍,Simpaon多样性指数是CK的1.03倍,均无明显差异(P>0.05;n=9).因此退化草地经移栽封育短期恢复后,其抗牧能力并没有改观,西藏高寒地区重度退化草地应采取长期的恢复措施.
The trial of grazing was carried out to explore the grazing resistance of alpine grassland after the short-term restoration in the Tibetan Autonomous Region in 2015. The density, coverage, height, coverage and aboveground biomass of weeds in the grassland were investigated in August of the same year, and the weed biodiversity changes and grassland resistance were analyzed under different treatments. Results showed that the total density of transplanted was 405.78 plants/m~2, which was not significantly different from the CK(P>0.05; n=9). The total coverage of transplant was 39.56 %, which was 1.41 times of the CK, and there was not significant difference from the CK(P> 0.05; n=9). The total biomass of transplanted was 12.08 g/m~2, which was 1.67 times of the CK, and there was not significant difference from the CK(P>0.05; n=9). With being transplanted, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index was 1.03 times of the CK, the Pielou evenness index was 85.33% of the CK, the Margalef species richness index was 1.33 times of the CK and the Simpaon diversity index was 1.03 times of the CK, which were not significantly different(P> 0.05; n=9). In conclusion, the grazing resistance of degraded grassland has not improved after short-term restoration of transplantation and enclosure, and long-term restoration measures should be taken for severely degraded grassland in alpine region of Tibet.
The trial of grazing was carried out to explore the grazing resistance of alpine grassland after the short-term restoration in the Tibetan Autonomous Region in 2015. The density, coverage, height, coverage and aboveground biomass of weeds in the grassland were investigated in August of the same year, and the weed biodiversity changes and grassland resistance were analyzed under different treatments. Results showed that the total density of transplanted was 405.78 plants/m~2, which was not significantly different from the CK(P>0.05; n=9). The total coverage of transplant was 39.56 %, which was 1.41 times of the CK, and there was not significant difference from the CK(P> 0.05; n=9). The total biomass of transplanted was 12.08 g/m~2, which was 1.67 times of the CK, and there was not significant difference from the CK(P>0.05; n=9). With being transplanted, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index was 1.03 times of the CK, the Pielou evenness index was 85.33% of the CK, the Margalef species richness index was 1.33 times of the CK and the Simpaon diversity index was 1.03 times of the CK, which were not significantly different(P> 0.05; n=9). In conclusion, the grazing resistance of degraded grassland has not improved after short-term restoration of transplantation and enclosure, and long-term restoration measures should be taken for severely degraded grassland in alpine region of Tibet.
引文
[1]戴睿,刘志红,娄梦筠,等.藏北那曲地区草地退化时空特征分析[J].草地学报,2013(1):37-41.
[2]孙银良,周才平,石培礼,等.西藏高寒草地净初级生产力变化及其对退牧还草工程的响应[J].中国草地学报,2014(4):5-12.
[3]刘洪来,鲁为华,陈超.草地退化演替过程及诊断研究进展[J].草地学报,2011(5):865-871.
[4]杜际增,王根绪,李元寿.近45年长江黄河源区高寒草地退化特征及成因分析[J].草业学报,2015(6):5-15.
[5]周兴民,王启基,张堰青,赵新全,林亚平.不同放牧强度下高寒草甸植被演替规律的数量分析[J].植物生态学与地植物学学报,1987(4):276-285.
[6]GAO Q Z,LI Y,WAN Y F.Dynamics of alpine grassland npp and its response to climate change in northern Tibet[J].Climatic Change,2009,97(3):515.
[7]TILMAN D,KNOPS J,REICH P,et al.Biodiversity,productivity and sustainability of soil nitrogen in experimental grassland ecosystems[J].Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America,1996,77(3):442.
[8]中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会.西藏生态安全屏障保护与建设规划(2008-2030年)[Z].2009:2-18.
[9]汪诗平.草原植物的放牧抗性[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(3):517-522.
[10]李永宏.汪诗平.内蒙古细毛羊El食量及对典型草原牧草的选食性测定[J].草业学报,1998,7(1):50-53.
[11]汪诗平,李永宏,王艳芬,等.不同放牧率下冷蒿小禾草草原放牧演替规律与数量分析[J].草地学报,1998,6(4):299-304.
[12]MILTON S J ,PLESSIS M A D,SIEGFRIED W R ,et al.A conceptual model of arid rangeland degradation[J].BioS cience,1994,44:70-76.
[13]刘文亭,卫智军,吕世杰,等.荒漠草地植物多样性对草食动物采食的响应机制[J].植物生态学报,2016,40 (6):564-573.
[14]HODGKINSON K C ,LUDLOW M M ,MOTTJ J,et al .Comparative responses of the Savanna grasses Cenchrus ciliaris and Themeda triandra to defoliation[J].Oecologia,1989,79:45-52.
[15]王军峰,沙志鹏,关法春,等.移栽措施对西藏退化草地生物量和植物多样性的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2015,20(1):103-109.
[16]袁吉有,欧阳志云,郑华,等.科尔沁沙地东南缘不同草地恢复方式下的物种多样性与生物量[J].干旱区资源与环境,2011,25,(10):175-178.
[2]孙银良,周才平,石培礼,等.西藏高寒草地净初级生产力变化及其对退牧还草工程的响应[J].中国草地学报,2014(4):5-12.
[3]刘洪来,鲁为华,陈超.草地退化演替过程及诊断研究进展[J].草地学报,2011(5):865-871.
[4]杜际增,王根绪,李元寿.近45年长江黄河源区高寒草地退化特征及成因分析[J].草业学报,2015(6):5-15.
[5]周兴民,王启基,张堰青,赵新全,林亚平.不同放牧强度下高寒草甸植被演替规律的数量分析[J].植物生态学与地植物学学报,1987(4):276-285.
[6]GAO Q Z,LI Y,WAN Y F.Dynamics of alpine grassland npp and its response to climate change in northern Tibet[J].Climatic Change,2009,97(3):515.
[7]TILMAN D,KNOPS J,REICH P,et al.Biodiversity,productivity and sustainability of soil nitrogen in experimental grassland ecosystems[J].Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America,1996,77(3):442.
[8]中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会.西藏生态安全屏障保护与建设规划(2008-2030年)[Z].2009:2-18.
[9]汪诗平.草原植物的放牧抗性[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(3):517-522.
[10]李永宏.汪诗平.内蒙古细毛羊El食量及对典型草原牧草的选食性测定[J].草业学报,1998,7(1):50-53.
[11]汪诗平,李永宏,王艳芬,等.不同放牧率下冷蒿小禾草草原放牧演替规律与数量分析[J].草地学报,1998,6(4):299-304.
[12]MILTON S J ,PLESSIS M A D,SIEGFRIED W R ,et al.A conceptual model of arid rangeland degradation[J].BioS cience,1994,44:70-76.
[13]刘文亭,卫智军,吕世杰,等.荒漠草地植物多样性对草食动物采食的响应机制[J].植物生态学报,2016,40 (6):564-573.
[14]HODGKINSON K C ,LUDLOW M M ,MOTTJ J,et al .Comparative responses of the Savanna grasses Cenchrus ciliaris and Themeda triandra to defoliation[J].Oecologia,1989,79:45-52.
[15]王军峰,沙志鹏,关法春,等.移栽措施对西藏退化草地生物量和植物多样性的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2015,20(1):103-109.
[16]袁吉有,欧阳志云,郑华,等.科尔沁沙地东南缘不同草地恢复方式下的物种多样性与生物量[J].干旱区资源与环境,2011,25,(10):175-178.