不同生物质炭对辽河油田石油污染土壤总烃及各组分修复效果研究
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摘要
中国东北油田开采区大量土地质量下降,石油污染治理与修复已经引起高度重视。通过对比各生物质炭理化性质差异及其对辽河油田石油污染土壤的修复效果,在修复石油污染土壤的同时,推进东北地区农业资源综合利用,对石油污染修复具有实际意义,对制备改性生物炭具有指导作用。以玉米(Zea mays)秸秆、芦苇(Phragmites australis)秸秆和松针(Pinusarmandi)为生物质材料在300℃条件下制备生物炭,测定其产率、灰分、pH值,并利用BET、能谱分析、扫描电镜和红外光谱等技术对不同生物质炭进行性质表征,通过40d的石油污染土壤修复试验对比不同生物质炭对总石油烃及各组分烃类的修复效率。结果表明,各生物质炭物化性状存在明显差异,松针生物炭扫描电镜呈层状结构,玉米秸秆生物炭具有孔状轮廓但孔隙内部覆有碎片,芦苇秸秆生物炭孔隙结构清晰且具有深度,比表面积为93.47 m~2·g~(-1)。经不同生物质炭40 d修复后,不同处理总石油烃及各组分烃类去除效果:芦苇秸秆生物炭>玉米秸秆生物炭>松针生物炭>CK(对照组)。所有处理组中石油烃各组分的去除效果:饱和烃>芳香烃>非烃类物质,各组分烃类呈现不同降解规律。生物炭可提高石油污染土壤中总石油烃及各组分烃类物质的去除效果,其中芦苇秸秆生物炭对石油污染土壤的修复效率最高。
The land quality of the northeast oilfield of China is declining. The treatment and restoration of petroleum pollution have already aroused great attention. A large number of studies have proved that biochar can enhance the removal efficiency of petroleum pollutants in soil. Comparing the physicochemical properties of biochar and the effect of remediation of oil-contaminated soil in Liaohe Oilfield, the comprehensive utilization of agricultural resources in northeast China can be promoted while remediating oil-contaminated soil. It has practical significance for oil pollution restoration and has a guiding role in the preparation of modified biochar. Three types of biochars were fabricated from maize(Zea mays) straw, reed(Phragmites australis) straw and pine(Pinus armandi) needles at 300 ℃. The productivity, ash, and pH of these biochars were analyzed. The biochar properties were characterized by BET(Brunauer Emmett Teller), energy dispersive spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope and FTIR(Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy). The removal rates of total petroleum hydrocarbons, and the components were compared through 40 days remediation. The results showed that the structure and physicochemical properties of biochars were significantly influenced by biomass material. Biochar of pine needles was layered, and maize straw biochar showed a pore-shaped profile but was covered with debris in pores. The BET of reed straw biochar was 93.47 m~2·g~(-1), with clear pore structure and depth. After 40 days remediation,the removal rates of total petroleum hydrocarbon and the components showed that reed straw biochar>corn straw biochar>pine needle biochar>natural removal. The effect of biochar on the removal of petroleum hydrocarbon was obvious. Removal rates of each component were saturated hydrocarbon>aromatic hydrocarbon>non-hydrocarbon. Biochar can effectively promote the removal of total petroleum hydrocarbon and each component. The remediation efficiency of total petroleum hydrocarbon in reed straw biochar treatment is higher than that in natural group.
The land quality of the northeast oilfield of China is declining. The treatment and restoration of petroleum pollution have already aroused great attention. A large number of studies have proved that biochar can enhance the removal efficiency of petroleum pollutants in soil. Comparing the physicochemical properties of biochar and the effect of remediation of oil-contaminated soil in Liaohe Oilfield, the comprehensive utilization of agricultural resources in northeast China can be promoted while remediating oil-contaminated soil. It has practical significance for oil pollution restoration and has a guiding role in the preparation of modified biochar. Three types of biochars were fabricated from maize(Zea mays) straw, reed(Phragmites australis) straw and pine(Pinus armandi) needles at 300 ℃. The productivity, ash, and pH of these biochars were analyzed. The biochar properties were characterized by BET(Brunauer Emmett Teller), energy dispersive spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope and FTIR(Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy). The removal rates of total petroleum hydrocarbons, and the components were compared through 40 days remediation. The results showed that the structure and physicochemical properties of biochars were significantly influenced by biomass material. Biochar of pine needles was layered, and maize straw biochar showed a pore-shaped profile but was covered with debris in pores. The BET of reed straw biochar was 93.47 m~2·g~(-1), with clear pore structure and depth. After 40 days remediation,the removal rates of total petroleum hydrocarbon and the components showed that reed straw biochar>corn straw biochar>pine needle biochar>natural removal. The effect of biochar on the removal of petroleum hydrocarbon was obvious. Removal rates of each component were saturated hydrocarbon>aromatic hydrocarbon>non-hydrocarbon. Biochar can effectively promote the removal of total petroleum hydrocarbon and each component. The remediation efficiency of total petroleum hydrocarbon in reed straw biochar treatment is higher than that in natural group.
引文
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CHEN W,LIAO X D,WU Y B,et al.,2017.Effects of different types of biochar on methane and ammonia mitigation during layer manure composting[J].Waste Management,61:506-515.
DENG B,TAMMEORG P,LUUKKANEN O,et al.,2017.Effects of acacia seyal,and biochar on soil properties and sorghum yield in agroforestry systems in south sudan[J].Agroforestry Systems,91(1):137-148.
KARPPINEN E M,STEWART K J,FARRELL R E,et al.,2017.Petroleum hydrocarbon remediation in frozen soil using a meat and bonemeal biochar plus fertilizer[J].Chemosphere,173:330-339.
LAIRD D,FLEMING P,WANG B Q,et al.,2010.Biochar impact on nutrient leaching from a Midwestern agricultural soil[J].Geoderma,158(3):436-442.
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MOHD A,GHANI W.A.W A K,RESITANIM N Z,et al.,2013.A Review:Carbon Dioxide Capture:Biomass-Derived-Biochar and Its Applications[J].Journal of Dispersion Science&Technology,34(7):974-984.
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NI N,WANG F,SONG Y,et al.,2018.Mechanisms of biochar reducing the bioaccumulation of PAHs in rice from soil:Degradation stimulation vs immobilization[J].Chemosphere,196:288-296.
WANG X B,SONG D L,LIANG G Q,et al.,2015.Maize biochar addition rate influences soil enzyme activity and microbial community composition in a fluvo-aquic soil[J].Applied Soil Ecology,96:265-272.
WOOLF D,AMONETTE J E,STREETPERROTT F A,et al.,2010.Sustainable biochar to mitigate global climate change[J].Nature Communications,1(5):56.
WU M L,LI W,DICK W A,et al.,2017.Bioremediation of hydrocarbon degradation in a petroleum-contaminated soil and microbial population and activity determination[J].Chemosphere,169:124-130.
XIE W,LI R,LI X,et al.,2018.Different responses to soil petroleum contamination in monocultured and mixed plant systems[J].Ecotoxicology&Environmental Safety,161:763-768.
ZHANG A,BIAN R,PAN G,et al.,2012.Effects of biochar amendment on soil quality,crop yield and greenhouse gas emission in a Chinese rice paddy:A field study of 2 consecutive rice growing cycles[J].Field Crops Research,127(127):153-160.
ZHAO N,YANG X,ZHANG J,et al.,2017.Adsorption mechanisms of dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid by corn straw and poplar leaf biochars[J].Materials,10(10):1119.
卜晓莉,薛建辉,2014.生物炭对土壤生境及植物生长影响的研究进展[J].生态环境学报,23(3):535-540.BU X L,XUE J H,2014.Biochar effects on soil habitat and plant growth:A review[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,23(3):535-540.
陈心想,耿增超,王森,等,2014.施用生物炭后塿土土壤微生物及酶活性变化特征[J].农业环境科学学报,33(4):751-758.CHEN X X,GENG Z C,WANG S,et al.,2014.Effects of biochar amendment on microbial biomass and enzyme activities in loess soil[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,33(4):751-758.
戴中民,2017.生物炭对酸化土壤的改良效应与生物化学机理研究[D].杭州:浙江大学.DAI Z M,2017.The effects of biochar on acid soil improvement and the related biochemical mechanisms[D].Hangzhou:Zhe Jiang University.
房彬,李心清,赵斌,等,2014.生物炭对旱作农田土壤理化性质及作物产量的影响[J].生态环境学报,23(8):1292-1297.FANG B,LI X Q,ZHAO B,et al.,2014.Influence of biochar on soil physical and chemical properties and crop yields in rainfed field[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,23(8):1292-1297.
国家质量技术监督局,2005.GB/T 12496.3-1999,木质活性炭试验方法-灰分含量的测定[M].第1版.北京:中国标准出版社.The Quality and Technology Supervision Bureau,2005.GB/T12496.3-1999,Test methods of wooden activated carbonDetermination of ash content[M].Beijing:Standards Press of China.
姜媛,2017.不同生物质制备的高温生物炭对水中芳香性有机污染物的吸附机制及规律[D].杭州:浙江大学.JIANG Y,2017.Adsorption Mechnisms of Aromatic Compounds on Biochars Produced from Various Biomass at 700℃[D].Hangzhou:Zhe Jiang University.
孔露露,周启星,2015.新制备生物炭的特性表征及其对石油烃污染土壤的吸附效果[J].环境工程学报,9(5):2462-2468.KONG L L,ZHOU Q X,2015.Characterization of new-prepared biochars and their adsorption effectiveness on petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,9(5):2462-2468.
孔露露,周启星,2016.生物炭输入土壤对其石油烃微生物降解力的影响[J].环境科学学报,36(11):4199-4207.KONG L L,ZHOU Q X,2016.Effects of biochar input on biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,36(11):4199-4207.
刘亮,2015.生物炭对土壤微生物及其强化修复多环芳烃污染的影响与机理究[D].上海:上海交通大学.LIU L,2015.The influence and mechanism of biochar on soil microbial and enhanced remediation of PAH contamination[D].Shang Hai:Shang Hai Jiao Tong University.
卢桂兰,王世杰,郭观林,等,2011.草炭强化对油田陈化油泥生物修复工程效果的影响[J].环境工程技术学报,1(5):389-395.LU G L,WANG S J,GUO G L,et al.,2011.innuence of peat on the field bioremediation efficiency of aged oily sludge in oil field[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,1(5):389-395.
马骁轩,蔡红珍,付鹏,等,2016.中国农业固体废弃物秸秆的资源化处置途径分析[J].生态环境学报,25(1):168-174.MA X X,CAI H Z,FU P,et al.,2016.Analysis of the reutilization methods for agricultural waste of straw in China[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,25(1):168-174.
王林昌,2009.石油开发对环境的影响及对策研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学.WANG L C,2009.The study on impact of oil development on the environment and countermeasures[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China.
王萌萌,周启星,2013.生物炭的土壤环境效应及其机制研究[J].环境化学,32(5):768-780.WANG M M,ZHOU Q X,2013.Environmental effects and their mechanisms of biochar applied to soils[J].Environmental Chemistry,32(5):768-780.
王艳杰,李法云,荣湘民,等,2018.生物质材料与营养物配施对石油污染土壤的修复[J].农业环境科学学报,37(2):232-238.WANG Y J,LI F Y,RONG X M,et al.,2018.Remediation of petroleum-contaminated soils by combined application of biomass materials and nutrients[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,37(2):232-238.
萧芦,2018.2012-2017年中国原油产量[J].国际石油经济,26(4):106.XIAO L,2018.Chinese oil production from 2012 to 2017[J].International Petroleum Economics,26(4):106.
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