甘肃草地4种毒杂草潜在入侵区预测研究
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摘要
针对4种著名的草原毒杂草:醉马草,黄花棘豆,狼毒和露蕊乌头,应用生态位模型分别研究其在甘肃的潜在扩散区域。首先,通过最近邻体距离法和相关性分析分别选取样本数据和环境变量,接着应用最大熵方法(Maxent)建立生态位模型,预测了4种毒杂草的潜在分布区。最后通过Matlab和ENMTools计算了地理分布重心、平均海拔、等级分布区比例、生态位宽度、生态位重合度和地理分布重合度。研究结果表明:4种毒杂草中醉马草和狼毒的环境适应能力较强,但醉马草的分布范围更为广泛,从祁连山脉一直延伸到甘南草原,扩散重心基本在祁连山西侧,而狼毒分布范围主要在甘肃南部,地理分布重心大致位于兰州地区。黄花棘豆的分布范围主要集中在祁连山脉,而露蕊乌头更偏向甘南草原地区。
Here, the potential distribution of four famous poisonous weeds, Achnatherum inebrians, Oxytropis ochrocephala, Stellera chamaejasme, and Aconitum gymnandrum, was studied using ecological niche models. Firstly, occurrence records and environment variables were selected using the nearest neighbor distance method and correlation analysis. Next, the ecological niche models were established using maximum entropy(Maxent) to predict the potential distribution areas of the four poisonous weeds. Finally, Matlab and ENMTools were applied to compute the geographical distribution centroid, the average elevation, the percentage of hierarchical distribution areas, the niche breadth, the niche overlap, and the range overlap. The results show that, among the four poisonous weeds, A. inebrians and S. chamaejasme have strongly environmental adaptability. However, the distribution range of A. inebrians is relatively wider, extending from Qilian Mountains to Gannan Grassland, and the geographical distribution centroid is basically on the western side of Qilian Mountains. The distribution range of S. chamaejasme is mainly in southern Gansu, and its geographical distribution centroid mainly locates in the Lanzhou area. O. ochrocephala is mainly distributed in Qilian Mountains, whereas A. gymnandrum is mainly found in Gannan Grassland.
Here, the potential distribution of four famous poisonous weeds, Achnatherum inebrians, Oxytropis ochrocephala, Stellera chamaejasme, and Aconitum gymnandrum, was studied using ecological niche models. Firstly, occurrence records and environment variables were selected using the nearest neighbor distance method and correlation analysis. Next, the ecological niche models were established using maximum entropy(Maxent) to predict the potential distribution areas of the four poisonous weeds. Finally, Matlab and ENMTools were applied to compute the geographical distribution centroid, the average elevation, the percentage of hierarchical distribution areas, the niche breadth, the niche overlap, and the range overlap. The results show that, among the four poisonous weeds, A. inebrians and S. chamaejasme have strongly environmental adaptability. However, the distribution range of A. inebrians is relatively wider, extending from Qilian Mountains to Gannan Grassland, and the geographical distribution centroid is basically on the western side of Qilian Mountains. The distribution range of S. chamaejasme is mainly in southern Gansu, and its geographical distribution centroid mainly locates in the Lanzhou area. O. ochrocephala is mainly distributed in Qilian Mountains, whereas A. gymnandrum is mainly found in Gannan Grassland.
引文
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[2] 祁彪,张德罡,丁玲玲,张力,汪玺,杨予海.退化高寒干旱草地植物群落多样性特征.甘肃农业大学学报,2005,40(5):626- 631.
[3] 胡冠芳,刘敏艳,李玉奇,牛树君,赵峰,沈慧敏.甘肃天然草地30种有毒植物提取物对菜粉碟幼虫的拒食和触杀作用研究.草业学报,2011,20(5):169- 176.
[4] 何毅.甘肃省天然草场有毒植物及防治.中国草食动物,2001,3(1):30- 31.
[5] 许国成,谭成虎.甘肃草原毒草危害现状及防治对策.中国畜牧业,2013,(4):54- 55.
[6] Araújo M B,Peterson A T.Uses and misuses of bioclimatic envelope modeling.Ecology,2012,93(7):1527- 1539.
[7] 朱耿平,刘国卿,卜文俊,高玉葆.生态位模型的基本原理及其在生物多样性保护中的应用.生物多样性,2013,21(1):90- 98.
[8] Phillips S J,Anderson R P,Schapire R E.Maximum entropy modeling of species geographic distributions.Ecological Modelling,2006,190(3/4):231- 259.
[9] 张颖,李君,林蔚,强胜.基于最大熵生态位元模型的入侵杂草春飞蓬在中国潜在分布区的预测.应用生态学报,2011,22(11):2970- 2976.
[10] 雷军成,徐海根.基于MaxEnt的加拿大一枝黄花在中国的潜在分布区预测.生态与农村环境学报,2010,26(2):137- 141.
[11] 杨波,薛跃规,唐小飞,王媛,张达敏.外来入侵植物飞机草在中国的适生区预测.植物保护,2009,35(4):70- 73.
[12] Swets J A.Measuring the accuracy of diagnostic systems.Science,1988,240(4857):1285- 1293.
[13] Levins R.Evolution in Changing Environments:Some Theoretical Explorations.Princeton:Princeton University Press,1968.
[14] Schoener T W.The Anolis Lizards of Bimini:resource partitioning in a complex fauna.Ecology,1968,49(4):704- 726.
[15] Peterson A T.Ecological niche conservatism:a time-structured review of evidence.Journal of Biogeography,2011,38(5):817- 827.
[16] Sillero N.What does ecological modelling model?A proposed classification of ecological niche models based on their underlying methods.Ecological Modelling,2011,222(8):1343- 1346.
[17] 井光花,程积民,苏纪帅,魏琳,史晓晓,金晶炜.黄土区长期封育草地优势物种生态位宽度与生态位重叠对不同干扰的响应特征.草业学报,2015,24(9):43- 52.
[18] Silvertown J W.The distribution of plants in limestone pavement:tests of species interaction and niche separation against null hypotheses.Journal of Ecology,1983,71(3):819- 828.
[19] 张金屯.数量生态学(第二版).北京:科学出版社,2011:123- 127.
[20] Okubo K,Oike S.Relationship between the aquatic plant distributions and environmental conditions in irrigation canals in Kamiina District,Nagano prefecture.Journal of the Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture,2008,71(5):549- 552.
[21] Dukes J S,Mooney H A.Does global change increase the success of biological invaders?Trends in Ecology & Evolution,1999,14(4):135- 139.