4种植物水浸提液对铅镉污染土壤的淋洗效果
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摘要
为探讨植物水浸提液淋洗去除土壤中重金属的可行性,选用驳骨丹(Buddleja asiatica)、茵陈蒿(Artemisia capillaries)、假酸浆(Nicandra physaloides)和紫茎泽兰(Eupatorium adenophora)4种植物材料的水浸提液作为淋洗剂,分析不同淋洗剂浓度、pH和淋洗时间对去除土壤中重金属铅(Pb)和镉(Cd)的影响。结果表明,4种植物淋洗剂对2种土壤中Pb和Cd均具有一定的去除作用。随着淋洗剂浓度的增加,其对土壤中Pb和Cd的淋洗效率总体呈上升趋势;随淋洗剂pH的增大,淋洗率总体呈降低趋势;而随淋洗时间的增加,4种植物的Pb和Cd淋洗率呈总体增加、先增后减和无显著变化等3种趋势。驳骨丹对土壤A中Cd(72.45%)和Pb(13.27%)的去除率最高,对土壤B中Pb(17.27%)去除率最高;紫茎泽兰对土壤B中Cd(59.81%)的去除率最高。研究表明,驳骨丹和紫茎泽兰具有较好的治理重金属污染土壤的潜力。
The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of removing heavy metals from soil using washing agents extracted from plant materials. Four types of plant materials(i.e., Buddleja asiatica, Artemisia capillaries, Nicandra physaloides, and Eupatorium adenophora)were employed as washing agents to remove Cd and Pb from the contaminated soils of two different mines. We investigated the influences of various conditions, including washing agent concentration, pH, and washing time. The metal removal efficiencies of the four washing agents increased with their concentrations and declined with increasing pH; moreover, their efficiencies continuously increased, changed slightly, or initially increased and then decreased with increasing washing time. The use of B. asiatica resulted in the highest removal of Cd(72.45%)and Pb(13.27%)from soil A, and of Pb(17.27%)from soil B; additionally, the use of E. adenophora resulted in the highest removal of Cd(59.81%)from soil B. Therefore, B. asiatica and E. adenophora can be considered feasible washing agents for the remediation of soils contaminated by heavy metals.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of removing heavy metals from soil using washing agents extracted from plant materials. Four types of plant materials(i.e., Buddleja asiatica, Artemisia capillaries, Nicandra physaloides, and Eupatorium adenophora)were employed as washing agents to remove Cd and Pb from the contaminated soils of two different mines. We investigated the influences of various conditions, including washing agent concentration, pH, and washing time. The metal removal efficiencies of the four washing agents increased with their concentrations and declined with increasing pH; moreover, their efficiencies continuously increased, changed slightly, or initially increased and then decreased with increasing washing time. The use of B. asiatica resulted in the highest removal of Cd(72.45%)and Pb(13.27%)from soil A, and of Pb(17.27%)from soil B; additionally, the use of E. adenophora resulted in the highest removal of Cd(59.81%)from soil B. Therefore, B. asiatica and E. adenophora can be considered feasible washing agents for the remediation of soils contaminated by heavy metals.
引文
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[2] Duan Q, Lee J, Liu Y, et al. Distribution of heavy metal pollution in surface soil samples in China:A graphical review[J]. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2016, 97(3):303-309.
[3]王美,李书田.肥料重金属含量状况及施肥对土壤和作物重金属富集的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2014, 20(2):466-480.WANG Mei, LI Shu-tian. Heavy metals in fertilizers and effect of the fertilization on heavy metal accumulation in soils and crops[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2014, 20(2):466-480.
[4] Ning C, Gao P, Wang B, et al. Impacts of chemical fertilizer reduction and organic amendments supplementation on soil nutrient, enzyme activity and heavy metal content[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2017, 16(8):1819-1831.
[5]杨潞,张智,李余杰,等.西南地区典型农田土壤中Cd2+、Pb2+的吸附特性研究[J].土壤通报, 2018, 49(4):985-992.YANG Lu, ZHANG Zhi, LI Yu-jie, et al. Adsorption characteristics of Cd2+and Pb2+in typical agricultural soils in the southwest of China[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2018, 49(4):985-992.
[6] Xiao Q, Zong Y T, Lu S G. Assessment of heavy metal pollution and human health risk in urban soils of steel industrial city(Anshan), Liaoning, northeast China[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2015,120:377-385.
[7] Tóth G, Hermann T, Da Silva M R, et al. Heavy metals in agricultural soils of the European Union with implications for food safety[J]. Environment International, 2016, 88:299-309.
[8]曹心德,魏晓欣,代革联,等.土壤重金属复合污染及其化学钝化修复技术研究进展[J].环境工程学报, 2011, 5(7):1441-1453.CAO Xin-de, WEI Xiao-xin, DAI Ge-lian, et al. Combined pollution of multiple heavy metals and their chemical immobilization in contaminated soils:A review[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2011, 5(7):1441-1453.
[9] Rosestolato D, Bagatin R, Ferro S. Electrokinetic remediation of soils polluted by heavy metals(mercury in particular)[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2015, 264:16-23.
[10]王雨涵,陈冬月,江志勇,等. EDTA强化盐生植物修复Pb、Cd和盐渍化复合污染土壤[J].农业环境科学学报, 2018, 37(9):1866-1874.WANG Yu-han, CHEN Dong-yue, JIANG Zhi-yong, et al. Phytoremediation of the soil contaminated by Pb, Cd and secondary salinization with the enhancement of EDTA[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2018, 37(9):1866-1874.
[11]李玉双,胡晓钧,孙铁珩,等.污染土壤淋洗修复技术研究进展[J].生态学杂志, 2011, 30(3):596-602.LI Yu-shuang, HU Xiao-jun, SUN Tie-heng, et al. Soil washing/flushing of contaminated soil:A review[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2011, 30(3):596-602.
[12] Ferraro A, Fabbricino M, Hullebusch E D, et al. Effect of soil/contamination characteristics and process operational conditions on aminopolycarboxylates enhanced soil washing for heavy metals removal:A review[J]. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio-technology, 2016,15(1):111-145.
[13] Ye M Y, Yan P F, Sun S Y, et al. Bioleaching combined brine leaching of heavy metals from lead-zinc mine tailings:Transformations during the leaching process[J]. Chemosphere, 2016, 168:1115-1125.
[14]刘磊,胡少平,陈英旭,等.淋洗法修复化工厂遗留地重金属污染土壤的可行性[J].应用生态学报, 2010, 21(6):1537-1541.LIU Lei, HU Shao-ping, CHEN Ying-xu, et al. Feasibility of washing as a remediation technology for the heavy metals-polluted soils left by chemical plant[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2010, 21(6):1537-1541.
[15]黄益宗,郝晓伟,雷鸣,等.重金属污染土壤修复技术及其修复实践[J].农业环境科学学报, 2013, 32(3):409-417.HUANG Yi-zong, HAO Xiao-wei, LEI Ming, et al. The remediation technology and remediation practice of heavy metals-contaminated soil[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2013, 32(3):409-417.
[16]李秀悌,顾圣啸,郑文杰,等.重金属污染土壤修复技术研究进展[J].环境科学与技术, 2013, 36（增刊2):203-208.LI Xiu-ti, GU Sheng-xiao, ZHENG Wen-jie, et al. Remediation technologies of soil contaminated by heavy metals:A review[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2013, 36(Suppl2):203-208.
[17]雷国建,陈志良,刘千钧,等.生物表面活性剂及其在重金属污染土壤淋洗中的应用[J].土壤通报, 2013, 44(6):1508-1511.LEI Guo-jian, CHEN Zhi-liang, LIU Qian-jun, et al. Biosurfactants and their applications in soil flushing of heavy metal pollution[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2013, 44(6):1508-1511.
[18] Barka N, Abdennouri M, El Makhfouk M, et al. Biosorption characteristics of cadmium and lead onto eco-friendly dried cactus(Opuntia ficus indica)cladodes[J]. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2013, 1(3):144-149.
[19]曹雅茹,张世熔,陈月,等.铅锌矿区污染土壤的植物淋洗剂筛选研究[J].农业环境科学学报, 2015, 34(10):1921-1927.CAO Ya-ru, ZHANG Shi-rong, CHEN Yue, et al. Screening of phytoeluents for contaminated soil in Pb-Zn mining area[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2015, 34(10):1921-1927.
[20] Gusiatin Z M, Klimiuk E. Metal(Cu, Cd and Zn)removal and stabilization during multiple soil washing by saponin[J]. Chemosphere, 2012,86(4):383-391.
[21]余春瑰,张世熔,姚苹,等.四种生物质材料水浸提液淋洗Cd污染土壤及其废水处理研究[J].土壤, 2015, 47(6):1132-1138.YU Chun-gui, ZHANG Shi-rong, YAO Ping, et al. Cadmium contaminated soil washing by leaching liquid of four biomass materials and their wastewater treatment[J]. Soils, 2015, 47(6):1132-1138.
[22] Zou Z, Qiu R, Zhang W, et al. The study of operating variables in soil washing with EDTA[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2009, 157(1):229-236.
[23] Witek-krowiak A, Szafran R G, Modelski S. Biosorption of heavy metals from aqueous solutions onto peanut shell as a low-cost biosorbent[J]. Desalination, 2011, 265(1):126-134.
[24]周晨颖,徐小逊,杨燕,等. 3种植物水浸提液对工业园区污水处理厂污泥中重金属的淋洗效果[J].环境工程学报, 2018, 12(11):3221-3233.ZHOU Chen-ying, XU Xiao-xun, YANG Yan, et al. Leaching of heavy metals from sewage treatment plant sludge in industrial park by three washing agents extracted from plant materials[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2018, 12(11):3221-3233.
[25] Cao Y, Zhang S, Wang G, et al. Removal of Pb, Zn, and Cd from contaminated soil by new washing agent from plant material[J]. Environment Science and Pollution Research, 2017, 24:8525-8533.
[26]许中坚,许丹丹,郭素华,等.柠檬酸与皂素对重金属污染土壤的联合淋洗作用[J].农业环境科学学报, 2014, 33(8):1519-1525.XU Zhong-jian, XU Dan-dan, GUO Su-hua, et al. Combined leaching of heavy metals in soil by citric acid and saponin[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2014, 33(8):1519-1525.
[27] Wang G, Zhang S, Xu X, et al. Efficiency of nanoscale zero-valent iron on the enhanced low molecular weight organic acid removal Pb from contaminated soil[J]. Chemosphere, 2014, 117:617-624.
[28] Feng C, Zhang S, Li L, et al. Feasibility of four wastes to remove heavy metals from contaminated soils[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2018, 212:258-265.
[29]李尤,廖晓勇,阎秀兰,等.鼠李糖脂淋洗修复重金属污染土壤的工艺条件优化研究[J].农业环境科学学报, 2015, 34(7):1287-1292.LI You, LIAO Xiao-yong, YAN Xiu-lan, et al. Optimization of technological conditions for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil by rhamnolipid washing[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2015, 34(7):1287-1292.
[30]冯静,张增强,李念,等.铅锌厂重金属污染土壤的螯合剂淋洗修复及其应用[J].环境工程学报, 2015, 9(11):5617-5625.FENG Jing, ZHANG Zeng-qiang, LI Nian, et al. Washing of heavy metal contaminated soil around a lead-zinc smelter by several chelating agents and the leached soil utilization[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2015, 9(11):5617-5625.
[31]梁金利,蔡焕兴,段雪梅,等.有机酸土柱淋洗法修复重金属污染土壤[J].环境工程学报, 2012, 9(9):3339-3343.LIANG Jin-li, CAI Huan-xing, DUAN Xue-mei, et al. Remediation of heavy metal-polluted soils using organic acid washing[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2012, 9(9):3339-3343.
[32] Ho H H, Swennen R, Cappuyns V, et al. Potential release of selected trace elements(As, Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn)from sediments in Cam River-mouth(Vietnam)under influence of pH and oxidation[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2012, 435/436:487-498.
[33]孟龙,张世熔,王贵胤,等.四种生物质材料水浸提液对锌污染土壤的淋洗效果研究[J].环境科学学报, 2015, 35(4):1152-1156.MENG Long, ZHANG Shi-rong, WANG Gui-yin, et al. Removal efficiency of Zn from contaminated soil by water extract of four types of biological materials[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2015, 35(4):1152-1156.
[34] Kulikowska D, Gusiatin Z M, Kierklo K, et al. Humic substances from sewage sludge compost as washing agent effectively remove Cu and Cd from soil[J]. Chemosphere, 2015, 136:42-49.
[2] Duan Q, Lee J, Liu Y, et al. Distribution of heavy metal pollution in surface soil samples in China:A graphical review[J]. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2016, 97(3):303-309.
[3]王美,李书田.肥料重金属含量状况及施肥对土壤和作物重金属富集的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2014, 20(2):466-480.WANG Mei, LI Shu-tian. Heavy metals in fertilizers and effect of the fertilization on heavy metal accumulation in soils and crops[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2014, 20(2):466-480.
[4] Ning C, Gao P, Wang B, et al. Impacts of chemical fertilizer reduction and organic amendments supplementation on soil nutrient, enzyme activity and heavy metal content[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2017, 16(8):1819-1831.
[5]杨潞,张智,李余杰,等.西南地区典型农田土壤中Cd2+、Pb2+的吸附特性研究[J].土壤通报, 2018, 49(4):985-992.YANG Lu, ZHANG Zhi, LI Yu-jie, et al. Adsorption characteristics of Cd2+and Pb2+in typical agricultural soils in the southwest of China[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2018, 49(4):985-992.
[6] Xiao Q, Zong Y T, Lu S G. Assessment of heavy metal pollution and human health risk in urban soils of steel industrial city(Anshan), Liaoning, northeast China[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2015,120:377-385.
[7] Tóth G, Hermann T, Da Silva M R, et al. Heavy metals in agricultural soils of the European Union with implications for food safety[J]. Environment International, 2016, 88:299-309.
[8]曹心德,魏晓欣,代革联,等.土壤重金属复合污染及其化学钝化修复技术研究进展[J].环境工程学报, 2011, 5(7):1441-1453.CAO Xin-de, WEI Xiao-xin, DAI Ge-lian, et al. Combined pollution of multiple heavy metals and their chemical immobilization in contaminated soils:A review[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2011, 5(7):1441-1453.
[9] Rosestolato D, Bagatin R, Ferro S. Electrokinetic remediation of soils polluted by heavy metals(mercury in particular)[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2015, 264:16-23.
[10]王雨涵,陈冬月,江志勇,等. EDTA强化盐生植物修复Pb、Cd和盐渍化复合污染土壤[J].农业环境科学学报, 2018, 37(9):1866-1874.WANG Yu-han, CHEN Dong-yue, JIANG Zhi-yong, et al. Phytoremediation of the soil contaminated by Pb, Cd and secondary salinization with the enhancement of EDTA[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2018, 37(9):1866-1874.
[11]李玉双,胡晓钧,孙铁珩,等.污染土壤淋洗修复技术研究进展[J].生态学杂志, 2011, 30(3):596-602.LI Yu-shuang, HU Xiao-jun, SUN Tie-heng, et al. Soil washing/flushing of contaminated soil:A review[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2011, 30(3):596-602.
[12] Ferraro A, Fabbricino M, Hullebusch E D, et al. Effect of soil/contamination characteristics and process operational conditions on aminopolycarboxylates enhanced soil washing for heavy metals removal:A review[J]. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio-technology, 2016,15(1):111-145.
[13] Ye M Y, Yan P F, Sun S Y, et al. Bioleaching combined brine leaching of heavy metals from lead-zinc mine tailings:Transformations during the leaching process[J]. Chemosphere, 2016, 168:1115-1125.
[14]刘磊,胡少平,陈英旭,等.淋洗法修复化工厂遗留地重金属污染土壤的可行性[J].应用生态学报, 2010, 21(6):1537-1541.LIU Lei, HU Shao-ping, CHEN Ying-xu, et al. Feasibility of washing as a remediation technology for the heavy metals-polluted soils left by chemical plant[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2010, 21(6):1537-1541.
[15]黄益宗,郝晓伟,雷鸣,等.重金属污染土壤修复技术及其修复实践[J].农业环境科学学报, 2013, 32(3):409-417.HUANG Yi-zong, HAO Xiao-wei, LEI Ming, et al. The remediation technology and remediation practice of heavy metals-contaminated soil[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2013, 32(3):409-417.
[16]李秀悌,顾圣啸,郑文杰,等.重金属污染土壤修复技术研究进展[J].环境科学与技术, 2013, 36（增刊2):203-208.LI Xiu-ti, GU Sheng-xiao, ZHENG Wen-jie, et al. Remediation technologies of soil contaminated by heavy metals:A review[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2013, 36(Suppl2):203-208.
[17]雷国建,陈志良,刘千钧,等.生物表面活性剂及其在重金属污染土壤淋洗中的应用[J].土壤通报, 2013, 44(6):1508-1511.LEI Guo-jian, CHEN Zhi-liang, LIU Qian-jun, et al. Biosurfactants and their applications in soil flushing of heavy metal pollution[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2013, 44(6):1508-1511.
[18] Barka N, Abdennouri M, El Makhfouk M, et al. Biosorption characteristics of cadmium and lead onto eco-friendly dried cactus(Opuntia ficus indica)cladodes[J]. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2013, 1(3):144-149.
[19]曹雅茹,张世熔,陈月,等.铅锌矿区污染土壤的植物淋洗剂筛选研究[J].农业环境科学学报, 2015, 34(10):1921-1927.CAO Ya-ru, ZHANG Shi-rong, CHEN Yue, et al. Screening of phytoeluents for contaminated soil in Pb-Zn mining area[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2015, 34(10):1921-1927.
[20] Gusiatin Z M, Klimiuk E. Metal(Cu, Cd and Zn)removal and stabilization during multiple soil washing by saponin[J]. Chemosphere, 2012,86(4):383-391.
[21]余春瑰,张世熔,姚苹,等.四种生物质材料水浸提液淋洗Cd污染土壤及其废水处理研究[J].土壤, 2015, 47(6):1132-1138.YU Chun-gui, ZHANG Shi-rong, YAO Ping, et al. Cadmium contaminated soil washing by leaching liquid of four biomass materials and their wastewater treatment[J]. Soils, 2015, 47(6):1132-1138.
[22] Zou Z, Qiu R, Zhang W, et al. The study of operating variables in soil washing with EDTA[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2009, 157(1):229-236.
[23] Witek-krowiak A, Szafran R G, Modelski S. Biosorption of heavy metals from aqueous solutions onto peanut shell as a low-cost biosorbent[J]. Desalination, 2011, 265(1):126-134.
[24]周晨颖,徐小逊,杨燕,等. 3种植物水浸提液对工业园区污水处理厂污泥中重金属的淋洗效果[J].环境工程学报, 2018, 12(11):3221-3233.ZHOU Chen-ying, XU Xiao-xun, YANG Yan, et al. Leaching of heavy metals from sewage treatment plant sludge in industrial park by three washing agents extracted from plant materials[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2018, 12(11):3221-3233.
[25] Cao Y, Zhang S, Wang G, et al. Removal of Pb, Zn, and Cd from contaminated soil by new washing agent from plant material[J]. Environment Science and Pollution Research, 2017, 24:8525-8533.
[26]许中坚,许丹丹,郭素华,等.柠檬酸与皂素对重金属污染土壤的联合淋洗作用[J].农业环境科学学报, 2014, 33(8):1519-1525.XU Zhong-jian, XU Dan-dan, GUO Su-hua, et al. Combined leaching of heavy metals in soil by citric acid and saponin[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2014, 33(8):1519-1525.
[27] Wang G, Zhang S, Xu X, et al. Efficiency of nanoscale zero-valent iron on the enhanced low molecular weight organic acid removal Pb from contaminated soil[J]. Chemosphere, 2014, 117:617-624.
[28] Feng C, Zhang S, Li L, et al. Feasibility of four wastes to remove heavy metals from contaminated soils[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2018, 212:258-265.
[29]李尤,廖晓勇,阎秀兰,等.鼠李糖脂淋洗修复重金属污染土壤的工艺条件优化研究[J].农业环境科学学报, 2015, 34(7):1287-1292.LI You, LIAO Xiao-yong, YAN Xiu-lan, et al. Optimization of technological conditions for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil by rhamnolipid washing[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2015, 34(7):1287-1292.
[30]冯静,张增强,李念,等.铅锌厂重金属污染土壤的螯合剂淋洗修复及其应用[J].环境工程学报, 2015, 9(11):5617-5625.FENG Jing, ZHANG Zeng-qiang, LI Nian, et al. Washing of heavy metal contaminated soil around a lead-zinc smelter by several chelating agents and the leached soil utilization[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2015, 9(11):5617-5625.
[31]梁金利,蔡焕兴,段雪梅,等.有机酸土柱淋洗法修复重金属污染土壤[J].环境工程学报, 2012, 9(9):3339-3343.LIANG Jin-li, CAI Huan-xing, DUAN Xue-mei, et al. Remediation of heavy metal-polluted soils using organic acid washing[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2012, 9(9):3339-3343.
[32] Ho H H, Swennen R, Cappuyns V, et al. Potential release of selected trace elements(As, Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn)from sediments in Cam River-mouth(Vietnam)under influence of pH and oxidation[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2012, 435/436:487-498.
[33]孟龙,张世熔,王贵胤,等.四种生物质材料水浸提液对锌污染土壤的淋洗效果研究[J].环境科学学报, 2015, 35(4):1152-1156.MENG Long, ZHANG Shi-rong, WANG Gui-yin, et al. Removal efficiency of Zn from contaminated soil by water extract of four types of biological materials[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2015, 35(4):1152-1156.
[34] Kulikowska D, Gusiatin Z M, Kierklo K, et al. Humic substances from sewage sludge compost as washing agent effectively remove Cu and Cd from soil[J]. Chemosphere, 2015, 136:42-49.