6种植物对土壤中镉的富集特性研究
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摘要
为筛选出能适应中轻度重金属污染农田的镉移除植物,以甜高粱、生物质高粱、玉米、油葵、商陆、籽粒苋为材料,在湖南省典型重金属镉污染区开展田间试验,研究这6种植物对土壤中重金属镉的富集特性。结果表明:植株中镉的含量高低受植物品种和土壤中镉的含量影响较大,试验点中6种植物地上部分重金属镉的含量高低顺序为:籽粒苋>商陆>生物质高粱>油葵>甜高粱>玉米,且株洲>湘潭>醴陵。除玉米外,其他植物地上部对重金属镉的富集系数均大于1,具备对镉的富集特性,其中籽粒苋对重金属镉的富集系数最高。籽粒苋对镉有很强的富集性,是修复土壤重金属镉污染的良好材料。
To screen cadmium removal plants that can adapt to moderate and light heavy metal pollution in farmland, field experiments were conducted to study the effects of six plant species(sweet sorghum, biomass sorghum, corn, oil sunflower, Phytolacca acinosa and Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.) on Cd in typical heavy metal cadmium polluted areas in Hunan. The results showed that the content of cadmium in plants was greatly influenced by the plant varieties and the content of cadmium in soil. The contents of cadmium in the upper part of the 6 plants at the 3 test points were: Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. > Phytolacca acinosa> biomass sorghum> oil sunflower> sweet sorghum> corn, and Zhuzhou> Xiangtan> Liling. In addition to corn, the enrichment coefficient of cadmium in the upper part of other plants was more than 1, which had the characteristics of cadmium enrichment. The enrichment coefficient of the heavy metal cadmium of Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. was the highest. Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. has the strong enrichment ability to Cd,and is a good material for remediation of cadmium pollution in soil.
To screen cadmium removal plants that can adapt to moderate and light heavy metal pollution in farmland, field experiments were conducted to study the effects of six plant species(sweet sorghum, biomass sorghum, corn, oil sunflower, Phytolacca acinosa and Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.) on Cd in typical heavy metal cadmium polluted areas in Hunan. The results showed that the content of cadmium in plants was greatly influenced by the plant varieties and the content of cadmium in soil. The contents of cadmium in the upper part of the 6 plants at the 3 test points were: Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. > Phytolacca acinosa> biomass sorghum> oil sunflower> sweet sorghum> corn, and Zhuzhou> Xiangtan> Liling. In addition to corn, the enrichment coefficient of cadmium in the upper part of other plants was more than 1, which had the characteristics of cadmium enrichment. The enrichment coefficient of the heavy metal cadmium of Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. was the highest. Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. has the strong enrichment ability to Cd,and is a good material for remediation of cadmium pollution in soil.
引文
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[21]陈亚华,曹泽韦,沈振国,等.重金属污染土壤修复植物材料的沼气发酵利用技术[P].中国专利:20121042987.8,2012-11-01.
[2]卢红玲,肖光辉,刘青山,等.土壤镉污染现状及其治理措施研究进展[J].南方农业学报,2014,45(11):1986-1993.
[3]郭利双,何叔军,李景龙.镉污染区棉花替代种植技术研究[J].中国棉花,2016,43(11):5-8,4.
[4]冯光辉,谷雨,何凤鹏,等.土壤调理剂和复合微生物肥对农田土壤和水稻镉、铅的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2017(3):27-30.
[5]陈凌.土壤镉污染的植物修复技术[J].无机盐工业,2009,41(2):45-47.
[6]赵岩,黄运新,秦云,等.植物修复土壤重金属污染的研究进展[J].湖北林业科技,2016,45(1):40-43,63.
[7]林单,任妲妮,杨奇贤,等.近10年我国植物对重金属Cd耐性研究文献分析[J].农业图书情报学刊,2010,22(6):13-17.
[8]苏慧,魏树和,周启星.镉污染土壤的植物修复研究进展与展望[J].世界科技研究与发展,2013,35(3):315-319.
[9]龙家寰,刘鸿雁,赵志鹏,等.污灌地重金属镉污染的伴矿景天修复试验研究[J].环保科技,2015,21(1):6-11.
[10]谷雨,蒋平,李明德,等.商陆修复土壤重金属污染研究进展[J].湖南农业科学,2018(1):119-122.
[11]聂发辉.镉超富集植物商陆及其富集效应[J].生态环境,2006,15(2):303-306.
[12]聂发辉,吴彩斌,吴双桃.商陆对镉的富集特征[J].浙江林学院学报,2006,23(4):400-405.
[13]杨学乐,何录秋,刘寿明.不同品种油葵对土壤中镉的富集作用比较研究[J].作物研究,2017,31(5):498-502.
[14]杨学乐,何录秋,刘寿明,等.向日葵、油菜对镉胁迫反应及对镉污染土地修复作用研究进展[J].作物研究,2017,31(1):93-98.
[15]李凝玉,卢焕萍,李志安,等.籽粒苋对土壤中镉的耐性和积累特征[J].应用与环境生物学报,2010,16(1):028-032.
[16]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2008.
[17]高清,李淑英,顾优丽,等.杭州市和睦湿地农田蔬菜中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr、Ni污染评价及富集特性研究[J].杭州师范大学学报:自然科学版,2014,13(4):386-390.
[18]张玉秀,张红梅,黄智博,等.商陆耐重金属Cd关键酶抗氧化酶的研究[J].环境科学,2011,32(3):896-900.
[19]中国科学院南京土壤研究所.南京土壤所土壤锌镉污染植物修复研究取得显著进展[EB/OL].http://www.issas.ac.cn/xwzx/kjjz/201401/t20140116_4023669.html,2014-01-16.
[20]钟道旭.镀锌厂废水污染土壤风险评价及其修复植物焚烧技术研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2010.
[21]陈亚华,曹泽韦,沈振国,等.重金属污染土壤修复植物材料的沼气发酵利用技术[P].中国专利:20121042987.8,2012-11-01.