力竭追赶训练对两种鲤科鱼类呼吸循环系统参数和力竭运动后代谢特征的影响
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摘要
为了考察力竭追赶训练对中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis)和岩原鲤(Procypris rabaudi)幼鱼呼吸循环系统和力竭运动后代谢特征的影响,在(25±0.5)℃条件下,将2种实验鱼各60尾[体重分别为(28.36±0.08) g和(19.53±0.13) g]随机等分成对照组和训练组,训练组进行1次/d共21d的力竭追赶训练。随后测定各组实验鱼的心脏和鳃指数、血液指标以及力竭运动后过量耗氧(Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption, EPOC)。结果发现:2种鱼心脏指数、鳃指数、血红蛋白含量和红细胞数目在各自对照组和训练组之间都没有显著性差异;岩原鲤对照组的鳃指数显著低于中华倒刺鲃对照组(P<0.05),但心脏指数、血红蛋白含量和红细胞数目与中华倒刺鲃对照组无显著性差异。中华倒刺鲃训练组的运动前代谢率、运动代谢峰值、峰值比率、代谢恢复速率与其对照组没有显著差异,但运动后恢复时间和过量耗氧显著大于对照组(P<0.05);岩原鲤训练组的运动前代谢率显著低于其对照组(P<0.05),但运动代谢峰值、峰值比率、运动后恢复时间、过量耗氧、代谢恢复速率与其对照组没有显著性差异。岩原鲤对照组的运动前代谢率、运动代谢峰值、过量耗氧和代谢恢复速率分别显著低于中华倒刺鲃对照组(P<0.05),但峰值比率和运动后恢复时间与中华倒刺鲃对照组无显著性差异。研究表明:(1)力竭追赶训练对中华倒刺鲃和岩原鲤幼鱼的呼吸和循环系统参数没有产生显著性影响;(2)力竭追赶训练显著提高了中华倒刺鲃幼鱼的无氧代谢能力;(3)中华倒刺鲃幼鱼力竭运动前后代谢率显著高于岩原鲤幼鱼,这可能与其较为活跃的习性有关。
To investigate the effects of exhaustive chasing training on parameters of respiratory and circulatory system and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption(EPOC) in juvenile qingbo(Spinibarbus sinensis) and rock carp(Procypris rabaudi), sixty samples of S. sinensis(28.36±0.08) g and sixty samples of P. rabaudi(19.53±0.13) g were randomly divided(equally 30 fish in each group) into control group and training group, respectively. Then, these fish in the training group were analyzed under exhaustive chasing training once per day for 3 weeks at 25℃ to measure the heart index, gill index, hematological parameters, and EPOC. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the heart index, gill index, hemoglobin content, and number of red cells between the control group and training group of S. sinensis and Procypris rabaudi(P<0.05). The gill index in the control group of P. rabaudi was significantly lower than that in the control group of S. sinensis(P>0.05), whereas the heart index, hemoglobin content, and number of red cells in the control group of P. rabaudi were not significantly different than that in the control group of S. sinensis(P<0.05). No significant differences were found in pre-exercise metabolic rate, peak post-exercise metabolic rate, factorial metabolic scope, and recovery rate between the control group and training group(P>0.05), whereas duration of EPOC in the training group was significantly higher than that in the control group of S. sinensis(P<0.05). The pre-exercise metabolic rate in the control group was significantly lower than that in the training group(P<0.05), whereas peak post-exercise metabolic rate and factorial metabolic scope, duration of EPOC, and recovery rate in the control group were not significantly different than that in the training group of P. rabaudi(P>0.05). The pre-exercise metabolic rate, peak post-exercise metabolic rate, EPOC magnitude, and recovery rate in the control group of P. rabaudi were significantly lower than that in the control group of S. sinensis(P<0.05), whereas factorial metabolic scope and duration of EPOC in the control group of P. rabaudi were not significantly different than that in the control group of S.sinensis(P>0.05). Our results suggested that(1) exhaustive chasing training had no significant effects on the parameters of respiratory and circulatory system of S. sinensis and P. rabaudi(P>0.05);(2) exhaustive chasing training significantly increased anaerobic capacity of S. sinensis(P<0.05); and(3) the pre-exercise metabolic rate and peak post-exercise metabolic rate of S. sinensis were significantly higher than those of P. rabaudi(P<0.05), which may be related to active habits of S. sinensis.
To investigate the effects of exhaustive chasing training on parameters of respiratory and circulatory system and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption(EPOC) in juvenile qingbo(Spinibarbus sinensis) and rock carp(Procypris rabaudi), sixty samples of S. sinensis(28.36±0.08) g and sixty samples of P. rabaudi(19.53±0.13) g were randomly divided(equally 30 fish in each group) into control group and training group, respectively. Then, these fish in the training group were analyzed under exhaustive chasing training once per day for 3 weeks at 25℃ to measure the heart index, gill index, hematological parameters, and EPOC. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the heart index, gill index, hemoglobin content, and number of red cells between the control group and training group of S. sinensis and Procypris rabaudi(P<0.05). The gill index in the control group of P. rabaudi was significantly lower than that in the control group of S. sinensis(P>0.05), whereas the heart index, hemoglobin content, and number of red cells in the control group of P. rabaudi were not significantly different than that in the control group of S. sinensis(P<0.05). No significant differences were found in pre-exercise metabolic rate, peak post-exercise metabolic rate, factorial metabolic scope, and recovery rate between the control group and training group(P>0.05), whereas duration of EPOC in the training group was significantly higher than that in the control group of S. sinensis(P<0.05). The pre-exercise metabolic rate in the control group was significantly lower than that in the training group(P<0.05), whereas peak post-exercise metabolic rate and factorial metabolic scope, duration of EPOC, and recovery rate in the control group were not significantly different than that in the training group of P. rabaudi(P>0.05). The pre-exercise metabolic rate, peak post-exercise metabolic rate, EPOC magnitude, and recovery rate in the control group of P. rabaudi were significantly lower than that in the control group of S. sinensis(P<0.05), whereas factorial metabolic scope and duration of EPOC in the control group of P. rabaudi were not significantly different than that in the control group of S.sinensis(P>0.05). Our results suggested that(1) exhaustive chasing training had no significant effects on the parameters of respiratory and circulatory system of S. sinensis and P. rabaudi(P>0.05);(2) exhaustive chasing training significantly increased anaerobic capacity of S. sinensis(P<0.05); and(3) the pre-exercise metabolic rate and peak post-exercise metabolic rate of S. sinensis were significantly higher than those of P. rabaudi(P<0.05), which may be related to active habits of S. sinensis.
引文
[1]Pearson M P,Spriet L L,Stevens E D.Effect of sprint training on swim performance and white muscle metabolism during exercise and recovery in rainbow trout(Salmo gairdneri)[J].Journal of Experimental Biology,1990,149(1):45-60
[2]Cao Z D,Fu S J.The Effect of exhaustive exercise training and fasting on post-exercise oxygen consumption rate in southern catfish(Silurus meridionalis Chen)[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2009,33(5):837-843[曹振东,付世建.力竭性运动锻炼和饥饿对南方鲇运动后过量耗氧的影响.水生生物学报,2009,33(5):837-843]
[3]Liu Y,Cao Z D,Fu S J,et al.The effect of exhaustive chasing training and detraining on swimming performance in juvenile darkbarbel catfish(Peltebagrus vachelli)[J].Journal of Comparative Physilolgy B,2009,179(7):847-855
[4]Xia W,Fu S J,Peng J L,et al.The effect of exhaustive exercise training on the anaerobic metabolism for juvenile crucian carp[J].Journal of Chongqing Normal University(Natural Science),2011,28(4):16-22[夏伟,付世建,彭姜岚,等.力竭运动训练对锦鲫幼鱼无氧代谢能力的影响.重庆师范大学学报(自然科学版),2011,28(4):16-22]
[5]Li X M,Yu L J,Cao Z D,et al.The effects of exhaustive chasing training on the growth performance and postprandial metabolic response in juvenile qingbo(Spinibarbus sinensis)and rock carp(Procypris rabaudi)[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2013,43(1):63-68[李秀明,于丽娟,曹振东,等.力竭追赶训练对两种鲤科鱼类生长和摄食代谢的影响.淡水渔业,2013,43(1):63-68]
[6]Gamperl A K,Bryant J,Stevens E D.Effect of a sprint training protocol on growth rate,conversion efficiency,food consumption and body composition of rainbow trout,Salmo gairdneri Richardson[J].Journal of Fish Biology,1988,33(6):861-870
[7]Li X M,Cao Z D,Peng J L,et al.The effect of exercisetraining on the metabolic interaction between digestion and locomotion in juvenile darkbarbel catfish(Peltebagrus vachelli)[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A,2010,156(1):67-73
[8]Pang X,Yuan X Z,Cao Z D,et al.The effects of temperature and exercise training on swimming performance in juvenile qingbo(Spinibarbus sinensis)[J].Journal of Comparative Physiology B,2013,183(1):99-108
[9]Oba E T,Boijink C D L,Rantin F T.Growth and hematological changes on Brycon cephalus after continuous exercise training[J].International Congress on the Biology of Fish,2004,1(5):135-140
[10]Arbeláez-Rojas G A,Moraes G.Optimization of sustaining swimming speed of matrinx?Brycon amazonicus:performance and adaptive aspects[J].Scientia Agricola,2010,67(3):253-258
[11]Hackbarth A,Moraes G.Biochemical responses of matrinxāBrycon cephalus(Günther,1869)after sustained swimming[J].Aquaculture Research,2006,37(11):1070-1078
[12]Davison W.The effects of exercise training on teleost fish,a review of recent literature[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology,1997,117(1):67-75
[13]Fu S J,Zeng L Q,Li X M,et al.Effect of meal size on excess post-exercise oxygen consumption in fishes with different locomotive and digestive performance[J].Journal of Comparative Physiology B,2009,179(4):509-517
[14]Yan G J,He X K,Cao Z D,et al.An interspecific comparison between morphology and swimming performance in cyprinids[J].Journal of Evolutionary Biology,2013,26(8):1802-1815
[15]B?rsheim E,Bahr R.Effect of exercise intensity,duration and mode on post-exercise oxygen consumption[J].Sports Medicine,2003,33(14):1037-1060
[16]Gaesser G A,Brooks G A.Metabolic bases of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption:a review[J].Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise,1984,16(1):29-43
[17]Kieffer J D,Wakefield A M,Litvak M K.Juvenile sturgeon exhibit reduced physiology responses to exercise[J].Journal of Experimental Biology,2001,204(24):4281-4289
[18]Li K G,Cao Z D,Fu S J.Effect of feeding on excess post-exercise oxygen consumption in juvenile Chinese catfish(Silurus asotus Linnaeus)[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2012,36(6):1036-1040[李可贵,曹振东,付世建.摄食对鲇鱼幼鱼力竭性运动后过量耗氧的影响.水生生物学报,2012,36(6):1036-1040]
[19]Zeng L Q,Zhang Y G,Cao Z D,et al.Effect of temperature on excess post-exercise oxygen consumption in juvenile southern catfish(Silurus meridionalis Chen)following exhaustive exercise[J].Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,2010,36(4):1243-1252
[20]Li X M,Yuan J M,Zhang Y G,et al.The effect of aerobic exercise training and feeding on excess post-exerciseoxygen consumption in juvenile qingbo(Spinibarbus sinensis)[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2017,41(2):277 -284[李秀明,袁建明,张耀光,等.有氧运动训练和摄食对中华倒刺鲃幼鱼力竭运动后代谢特征的影响.水生生物学报,2017,41(2):277-284]
[21]Shi B N.Life habits and resource protection of rock carp(Procypris rabaudi)[J].Journal of Southwest Normal University(Natural Science),1980,2(1):93-103[施白南.岩原鲤的生活习性及其资源保护.西南师范学院学报(自然科学版),1980,2(1):93-103]
[22]Cai Y Z,He C R,Cai Y Q,et al.A primary study of biology of Spinibarbus sinensis Bleeker[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2003,33(3):16-18[蔡焰值,何长仁,蔡烨强,等.中华倒刺鲃生物学初步研究.淡水渔业,2003,33(3):16-18]
[23]Yang J X,Pan X F,Chen X Y,et al.Overview of the artificial enhancement and release of endemic freshwater fish in China[J].Zoological Research,2013,34(4):267-280[杨君兴,潘晓赋,陈小勇,等.中国淡水鱼类人工增殖放流现状.动物学研究,2013,34(4):267-280]
[24]Jobling M,Baardvik B M,Christiansen J S,et al.The effects of prolonged exercise training on growth performance and production parameters in fish[J].Aquaculture International,1993,1(2):95-111
[25]Fu S J.Flow and stress acclimation both enhance predator avoidance in a common cyprinid fish[J].Aquatic Biology,2015,24(1):1-8
[26]Steffensen J F.Some errors in respirometry of aquatic breathers:how to avoid and correct for them[J].Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,1989,6(1):49-59
[27]Zhao H P,Pu D Y,Tao W J,et al.Pathologic changes of blood corpuscle parameters for Spinibarbus sinensis bleeker spontaneously infected with“muscle ulceration”[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2007,37(2):8-11[赵海鹏,蒲德永,陶文静,等.患肌肉溃烂病中华倒刺鲃血细胞数量及形态变化.淡水渔业,2007,37(2):8-11]
[28]Fu S J,Cao Z D,Peng J L.Effect of meal size on postprandial metabolic response in Chinese catfish(Silurus asotus Linnaeus)[J].Journal of Comparative Physiology B,2006,176(5):489-495
[29]Farrell A P,Johansen J A,Suarez R K.Effects of exercise-training on cardiac performance and muscle enzymes in rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss[J].Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,1991,9(4):303-312
[30]Thorarensen H,Gallaugher P E,Kiessling A K,et al.Intestinal blood flow in swimming chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and the effects of haematocrit on blood flow distribution[J].Journal of Experimental Biology,1993,179(1):115-129
[31]Johnston I A.Growth and metabolism in Antarctic fish[J].Antarctic Special Topic,1993,2:141-150
[32]Cutts C J,Metcalfe N B,Taylor A C.Juvenile Altantic salmon(Salmo salar)with relatively high standard metabolic rates have small metabolic scopes[J].Functional Ecology,2002,16(1):73-78
[33]McKenzie D J,H?glund E,Dupont-Prinet A,et al.Ef-fects of stocking density and sustained aerobic exercise on growth,energetics and welfare of rainbow trout[J].Aquaculture,2012,338:216-222
[34]Gallaugher P E,Thorarensen H,Kiessling A,et al.Effects of high intensity exercise training on cardiovascular function,oxygen uptake,internal oxygen transport and osmotic balance in chinook salmon(Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)during critical speed swimming[J].The Journal of Experimental Biology,2001,204(16):2861-2872
[35]Li X M,Chen C R,Wu C,et al.Effect of meal size on postprandial metabolic response and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption in juvenile rock carp(Procypris rabaudi)[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2012,36(11):1731-1738[李秀明,陈昌瑞,吴川,等.摄食水平对岩原鲤幼鱼摄食代谢和力竭运动后代谢特征的影响.水产学报,2012,36(11):1731-1738]
[36]Milligan C L.Metabolic recovery from exhaustive exercise in rainbow trout[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A,1996,113(1):51-60
[2]Cao Z D,Fu S J.The Effect of exhaustive exercise training and fasting on post-exercise oxygen consumption rate in southern catfish(Silurus meridionalis Chen)[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2009,33(5):837-843[曹振东,付世建.力竭性运动锻炼和饥饿对南方鲇运动后过量耗氧的影响.水生生物学报,2009,33(5):837-843]
[3]Liu Y,Cao Z D,Fu S J,et al.The effect of exhaustive chasing training and detraining on swimming performance in juvenile darkbarbel catfish(Peltebagrus vachelli)[J].Journal of Comparative Physilolgy B,2009,179(7):847-855
[4]Xia W,Fu S J,Peng J L,et al.The effect of exhaustive exercise training on the anaerobic metabolism for juvenile crucian carp[J].Journal of Chongqing Normal University(Natural Science),2011,28(4):16-22[夏伟,付世建,彭姜岚,等.力竭运动训练对锦鲫幼鱼无氧代谢能力的影响.重庆师范大学学报(自然科学版),2011,28(4):16-22]
[5]Li X M,Yu L J,Cao Z D,et al.The effects of exhaustive chasing training on the growth performance and postprandial metabolic response in juvenile qingbo(Spinibarbus sinensis)and rock carp(Procypris rabaudi)[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2013,43(1):63-68[李秀明,于丽娟,曹振东,等.力竭追赶训练对两种鲤科鱼类生长和摄食代谢的影响.淡水渔业,2013,43(1):63-68]
[6]Gamperl A K,Bryant J,Stevens E D.Effect of a sprint training protocol on growth rate,conversion efficiency,food consumption and body composition of rainbow trout,Salmo gairdneri Richardson[J].Journal of Fish Biology,1988,33(6):861-870
[7]Li X M,Cao Z D,Peng J L,et al.The effect of exercisetraining on the metabolic interaction between digestion and locomotion in juvenile darkbarbel catfish(Peltebagrus vachelli)[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A,2010,156(1):67-73
[8]Pang X,Yuan X Z,Cao Z D,et al.The effects of temperature and exercise training on swimming performance in juvenile qingbo(Spinibarbus sinensis)[J].Journal of Comparative Physiology B,2013,183(1):99-108
[9]Oba E T,Boijink C D L,Rantin F T.Growth and hematological changes on Brycon cephalus after continuous exercise training[J].International Congress on the Biology of Fish,2004,1(5):135-140
[10]Arbeláez-Rojas G A,Moraes G.Optimization of sustaining swimming speed of matrinx?Brycon amazonicus:performance and adaptive aspects[J].Scientia Agricola,2010,67(3):253-258
[11]Hackbarth A,Moraes G.Biochemical responses of matrinxāBrycon cephalus(Günther,1869)after sustained swimming[J].Aquaculture Research,2006,37(11):1070-1078
[12]Davison W.The effects of exercise training on teleost fish,a review of recent literature[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology,1997,117(1):67-75
[13]Fu S J,Zeng L Q,Li X M,et al.Effect of meal size on excess post-exercise oxygen consumption in fishes with different locomotive and digestive performance[J].Journal of Comparative Physiology B,2009,179(4):509-517
[14]Yan G J,He X K,Cao Z D,et al.An interspecific comparison between morphology and swimming performance in cyprinids[J].Journal of Evolutionary Biology,2013,26(8):1802-1815
[15]B?rsheim E,Bahr R.Effect of exercise intensity,duration and mode on post-exercise oxygen consumption[J].Sports Medicine,2003,33(14):1037-1060
[16]Gaesser G A,Brooks G A.Metabolic bases of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption:a review[J].Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise,1984,16(1):29-43
[17]Kieffer J D,Wakefield A M,Litvak M K.Juvenile sturgeon exhibit reduced physiology responses to exercise[J].Journal of Experimental Biology,2001,204(24):4281-4289
[18]Li K G,Cao Z D,Fu S J.Effect of feeding on excess post-exercise oxygen consumption in juvenile Chinese catfish(Silurus asotus Linnaeus)[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2012,36(6):1036-1040[李可贵,曹振东,付世建.摄食对鲇鱼幼鱼力竭性运动后过量耗氧的影响.水生生物学报,2012,36(6):1036-1040]
[19]Zeng L Q,Zhang Y G,Cao Z D,et al.Effect of temperature on excess post-exercise oxygen consumption in juvenile southern catfish(Silurus meridionalis Chen)following exhaustive exercise[J].Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,2010,36(4):1243-1252
[20]Li X M,Yuan J M,Zhang Y G,et al.The effect of aerobic exercise training and feeding on excess post-exerciseoxygen consumption in juvenile qingbo(Spinibarbus sinensis)[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2017,41(2):277 -284[李秀明,袁建明,张耀光,等.有氧运动训练和摄食对中华倒刺鲃幼鱼力竭运动后代谢特征的影响.水生生物学报,2017,41(2):277-284]
[21]Shi B N.Life habits and resource protection of rock carp(Procypris rabaudi)[J].Journal of Southwest Normal University(Natural Science),1980,2(1):93-103[施白南.岩原鲤的生活习性及其资源保护.西南师范学院学报(自然科学版),1980,2(1):93-103]
[22]Cai Y Z,He C R,Cai Y Q,et al.A primary study of biology of Spinibarbus sinensis Bleeker[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2003,33(3):16-18[蔡焰值,何长仁,蔡烨强,等.中华倒刺鲃生物学初步研究.淡水渔业,2003,33(3):16-18]
[23]Yang J X,Pan X F,Chen X Y,et al.Overview of the artificial enhancement and release of endemic freshwater fish in China[J].Zoological Research,2013,34(4):267-280[杨君兴,潘晓赋,陈小勇,等.中国淡水鱼类人工增殖放流现状.动物学研究,2013,34(4):267-280]
[24]Jobling M,Baardvik B M,Christiansen J S,et al.The effects of prolonged exercise training on growth performance and production parameters in fish[J].Aquaculture International,1993,1(2):95-111
[25]Fu S J.Flow and stress acclimation both enhance predator avoidance in a common cyprinid fish[J].Aquatic Biology,2015,24(1):1-8
[26]Steffensen J F.Some errors in respirometry of aquatic breathers:how to avoid and correct for them[J].Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,1989,6(1):49-59
[27]Zhao H P,Pu D Y,Tao W J,et al.Pathologic changes of blood corpuscle parameters for Spinibarbus sinensis bleeker spontaneously infected with“muscle ulceration”[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2007,37(2):8-11[赵海鹏,蒲德永,陶文静,等.患肌肉溃烂病中华倒刺鲃血细胞数量及形态变化.淡水渔业,2007,37(2):8-11]
[28]Fu S J,Cao Z D,Peng J L.Effect of meal size on postprandial metabolic response in Chinese catfish(Silurus asotus Linnaeus)[J].Journal of Comparative Physiology B,2006,176(5):489-495
[29]Farrell A P,Johansen J A,Suarez R K.Effects of exercise-training on cardiac performance and muscle enzymes in rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss[J].Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,1991,9(4):303-312
[30]Thorarensen H,Gallaugher P E,Kiessling A K,et al.Intestinal blood flow in swimming chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and the effects of haematocrit on blood flow distribution[J].Journal of Experimental Biology,1993,179(1):115-129
[31]Johnston I A.Growth and metabolism in Antarctic fish[J].Antarctic Special Topic,1993,2:141-150
[32]Cutts C J,Metcalfe N B,Taylor A C.Juvenile Altantic salmon(Salmo salar)with relatively high standard metabolic rates have small metabolic scopes[J].Functional Ecology,2002,16(1):73-78
[33]McKenzie D J,H?glund E,Dupont-Prinet A,et al.Ef-fects of stocking density and sustained aerobic exercise on growth,energetics and welfare of rainbow trout[J].Aquaculture,2012,338:216-222
[34]Gallaugher P E,Thorarensen H,Kiessling A,et al.Effects of high intensity exercise training on cardiovascular function,oxygen uptake,internal oxygen transport and osmotic balance in chinook salmon(Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)during critical speed swimming[J].The Journal of Experimental Biology,2001,204(16):2861-2872
[35]Li X M,Chen C R,Wu C,et al.Effect of meal size on postprandial metabolic response and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption in juvenile rock carp(Procypris rabaudi)[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2012,36(11):1731-1738[李秀明,陈昌瑞,吴川,等.摄食水平对岩原鲤幼鱼摄食代谢和力竭运动后代谢特征的影响.水产学报,2012,36(11):1731-1738]
[36]Milligan C L.Metabolic recovery from exhaustive exercise in rainbow trout[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A,1996,113(1):51-60