基于国家生态足迹账户的海陆养殖产品研究
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摘要
海陆养殖产品是人类蛋白质营养摄取的重要来源,而生态足迹是评价评估人类在获取蛋白质对地球生态系统和环境的影响的重要方法。本文运用国家生态足迹账户分析法核算了我国海水养殖产品和畜牧业产品2009—2014年的生态足迹及2014年的单位蛋白质生态系数。结果表明:2009—2014年我国海水养殖产品中扇贝的人均生态足迹最高,从0.0005 hm~2增长到0.0007 hm~2;2009—2014年畜牧产品中猪肉的人均生态足迹最高,从1.2 hm~2增长到1.4 hm~2;畜牧产品的人均生态足迹普遍高于海水养殖产品,畜牧产品人均所需的生物生产性面积是海水养殖产品的2000倍;由2014年的单位蛋白质生态系数核算得知,畜牧产品的平均单位蛋白质生态系数为0.1381 hm~2·kg~(–1),其中羊肉的蛋白质生态系数最高,达到0.1595 hm~2·kg~(–1),海水养殖产品的平均单位蛋白质生态系数为0.0020 hm~2·kg~(–1),其中海水鱼的单位蛋白质系数仅为0.0004 hm~2·kg~(–1)。因而在获取同等条件的蛋白质营养供给时,我们可以优先考虑海水养殖产品,这样既能改善国民蛋白质营养供给结构,又能降低生态环境的生态负荷,同时也是我们发展海洋经济、经略海洋的节点。
Marine aquaculture and livestock products play an important role on the protein intake of humans.In this paper,we used the national ecological footprint account analysis method to research the ecological footprint of marine aquaculture products and livestock products in China from 2009 to 2014 as well as the average value of protein eco-efficiency in 2014.The results showed that the per capita ecological footprint of scallop in China's maricultural products was the highest,from 0.0005 hectares to 0.0007 hectares.During 2009-2014,the per capita ecological footprint of pork was the highest,from 1.2 hectares to 1.4 hectares.Generally,the per capita ecological footprint of livestock products was higher than marine aquaculture products.Furthermore,the per capita bio-productive area of livestock products was 2000 times than that of marine aquaculture products.According to the protein ecological coefficient in 2014,the average value of livestock products was 0.1381 hm~2·kg~(–1),the highest was mutton with the value reaching 0.1595 hm~2·kg~(–1),while that of marine aquaculture was 0.0020 hm~2·kg~(–1),and marine fish in marine culture products was only 0.0004hm~2·kg~(–1).Therefore,in obtaining the same conditions of protein nutrition supply,we should give priority to marine aquaculture products which can not only improve the supply structure of national protein nutrition,but also reduce the ecological load of the ecological environment,and at the same time,it is also the node of our development and management of the marine economy.
Marine aquaculture and livestock products play an important role on the protein intake of humans.In this paper,we used the national ecological footprint account analysis method to research the ecological footprint of marine aquaculture products and livestock products in China from 2009 to 2014 as well as the average value of protein eco-efficiency in 2014.The results showed that the per capita ecological footprint of scallop in China's maricultural products was the highest,from 0.0005 hectares to 0.0007 hectares.During 2009-2014,the per capita ecological footprint of pork was the highest,from 1.2 hectares to 1.4 hectares.Generally,the per capita ecological footprint of livestock products was higher than marine aquaculture products.Furthermore,the per capita bio-productive area of livestock products was 2000 times than that of marine aquaculture products.According to the protein ecological coefficient in 2014,the average value of livestock products was 0.1381 hm~2·kg~(–1),the highest was mutton with the value reaching 0.1595 hm~2·kg~(–1),while that of marine aquaculture was 0.0020 hm~2·kg~(–1),and marine fish in marine culture products was only 0.0004hm~2·kg~(–1).Therefore,in obtaining the same conditions of protein nutrition supply,we should give priority to marine aquaculture products which can not only improve the supply structure of national protein nutrition,but also reduce the ecological load of the ecological environment,and at the same time,it is also the node of our development and management of the marine economy.
引文
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[2]MAMOUNI E A,GHADOUANI A,SCHILIZZI S M,et al.Giving the consumer the choice:A methodology for Product Ecological Footprint calculation[J].Ecological Economics,2009,68(10):2 253-2525.
[3]HASSARD H A,COUCH M H,TECHA-ERAWAN T,et al.Product carbon footprint and energy analysis of alternative coffee products in Japan[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2014,73(Supplement C):310-321.
[4]MUSIKAVONG C,GHEEWALA S H.Assessing ecological footprints of products from the rubber industry and palm oil mills in Thailand[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2017,142(Part 3):1 115-1148.
[5]谢鸿宇,陈贤生,杨木壮,等.中国单位畜牧产品生态足迹分析[J].生态学报,2009,(06):3264-3270.
[6]曹淑艳,谢高地,陈文辉,等.中国主要农产品生产的生态足迹研究[J].自然资源学报,2014,(08):1336-1344.
[7]杨山,王玉婷.基于生态足迹修正模型的江苏省海洋经济可持续发展分析[J].应用生态学报,2011,(03):748-754.
[8]狄乾斌,张海红,曹可.基于能值的山东省海洋生态足迹研究[J].海洋通报,2015,(01):1-6.
[9]陈东景,李培英,杜军,等.基于生态足迹和人文发展指数的可持续发展评价-以我国海洋渔业资源利用为例[J].中国软科学,2006,(05):96-103.
[10]赵美霞,余克服,张乔民,等.应用海洋生态足迹评价三亚珊瑚礁资源的可持续利用[J].热带海洋学报,2011,(02):74-80.
[11]邱寿丰,朱远.基于国家生态足迹账户计算方法的福建省生态足迹研究[J].生态学报,2012,(22):7124-7134.
[12]王光亚.中国食物成分表[M].北京:北京大学医学出版社,2009.
[13]BORUCKE M,MOORE D,CRANSTON G,et al.Accounting for demand and supply of the biosphere's regenerative capacity:The National Footprint Accounts’underlying methodology and framework[J].Ecological Indicators,2013,24(Supplement C):518-533.
[14]赵兴国,潘玉君,王爽,等.云南省耕地资源利用的可持续性及其动态预测-基于“国家公顷”的生态足迹新方法[J].资源科学,2011,(03):542-548.
[15]张恒义,刘卫东,王世忠,等.“省公顷”生态足迹模型中均衡因子及产量因子的计算-以浙江省为例[J].自然资源学报,2009,(01):82-92.
[16]吴开亚,王玲杰.基于全球公顷和国家公顷的生态足迹核算差异分析[J].中国人口.资源与环境,2007,(05):80-83.
[17]SALVO G,SIMAS M S,PACCA S A,et al.Estimating the human appropriation of land in Brazil by means of an Input-Output Economic Model and Ecological Footprint analysis[J].Ecological Indicators,2015,53(Supplement C):78-94.
[18]Ferng J.Applying input-output analysis to scenario analysis of ecological footprints[J].Ecological Economics,2009,69(2):345-354.