盆栽青贮玉米植株鲜重估算模型研究
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摘要
为建立生育期内青贮玉米鲜重与主要外观可测农艺性状的关系模型,以利于模拟作物生长以及在不破坏植株的情况下估算作物鲜重,亦可在盆栽类试验中基于称重法和水量平衡计算作物的腾发量等,选定3个青贮玉米品种进行了盆栽和大田种植,分别测量其不同生长阶段的主要外观农艺性状和地上鲜重,运用回归分析的方法,建立了不同品种和不同生长阶段的鲜重估算模型。结果表明:正常管理条件下,青贮玉米的品种、株高、总叶面积、茎粗、穗长、穗粗、穗重均对植株鲜重存在一定的影响。苗期株高和总叶面积,拔节期茎粗、抽穗期总叶面积、成熟期第六叶叶面积和穗重对各时期鲜重有较大的效应,达到极显著或显著水平。苗期采用绿叶片数和第一二三叶叶面积、拔节期采用茎粗和第三叶叶面积、抽穗期采用叶面积、成熟期采用第四叶叶面积、穗粗及绿叶片数估测各生育期青贮玉米的鲜重精度较高,估测平均相对误差为4.0%。
In order to simulate crop growth and estimate crop raw weight without destroying the plant and calculate the crop evapotranspiration based on weighing method and water balance principle in potted experiments, this paper establishes the relationship model of silage maize raw weight and main appearance measurable agronomic traits. In the potted experiments and field experiments, three silage maize varieties are selected to plant and measured the main agronomic characters and raw weight on the ground at each growth stage, then the raw weight estimation model of different varieties and different growth stages with regression analysis method is established. Analytic results show that under the normal management conditions, varieties of silage maize, plant height, leaf area, stem diameter, panicle length, panicle diameter, panicle weight have effects on estimating maize plant raw weight. The plant height and total leaf area at the seedling stage, stem diameter at jointing stage, total leaf area heading stage, the sixth foliage area and panicle weight at maturing stage have a great effect on the total raw weight of each period, which reaches extremely significant or significant level. So we can use piece number of green leaves and the first three foliage areas at seedling stage, stem diameter and the third foliage area at jointing stage, leaf area at the heading stage, the forth foliage area, panicle diameter and piece number of green leaves at the maturation stage to quickly estimate the potted silage maize plant raw weight of each growth stage. The estimating results are effective while the average estimating relative error is 4.0%.
In order to simulate crop growth and estimate crop raw weight without destroying the plant and calculate the crop evapotranspiration based on weighing method and water balance principle in potted experiments, this paper establishes the relationship model of silage maize raw weight and main appearance measurable agronomic traits. In the potted experiments and field experiments, three silage maize varieties are selected to plant and measured the main agronomic characters and raw weight on the ground at each growth stage, then the raw weight estimation model of different varieties and different growth stages with regression analysis method is established. Analytic results show that under the normal management conditions, varieties of silage maize, plant height, leaf area, stem diameter, panicle length, panicle diameter, panicle weight have effects on estimating maize plant raw weight. The plant height and total leaf area at the seedling stage, stem diameter at jointing stage, total leaf area heading stage, the sixth foliage area and panicle weight at maturing stage have a great effect on the total raw weight of each period, which reaches extremely significant or significant level. So we can use piece number of green leaves and the first three foliage areas at seedling stage, stem diameter and the third foliage area at jointing stage, leaf area at the heading stage, the forth foliage area, panicle diameter and piece number of green leaves at the maturation stage to quickly estimate the potted silage maize plant raw weight of each growth stage. The estimating results are effective while the average estimating relative error is 4.0%.
引文
[1] 王凤新, 康跃虎, 刘士平. 滴灌条件下马铃薯耗水规律及需水量的研究[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2005,23(1):9-15.
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[10] 王得贤.用单叶面积速测单株青贮玉米地上生物量[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,1997,(3):19-21.
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[12] 师长海,李玉欣,董宝娣,等. 盆栽用土量对玉米生长发育的影响[J]. 西北农业学报,2010,19(5):71-75.
[13] 邢英英,张富仓,王秀康.不同生育期水分亏缺灌溉和氮营养对玉米生长的影响[J]. 干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(6):1-6,11.
[14] Pearce RB JJ Mock and TB Bailey. Rapid Method for Estimating Leaf Area Per Plant in Maize[J]. Crop Science,1975,15(15):691-694.
[15] 王得贤. 四种测定单株玉米总叶面积方法的比较[J]. 青海农林科技, 1999,(4):20-21.
[16] 张丽. 深松和培肥对旱地农田土壤水分保蓄能力及玉米生长的影响[D].北京:中国农业大学,2014.
[2] 谢平, 陈晓宏, 刘丙军. 湛江地区适宜参考作物蒸发蒸腾量计算模型分析[J]. 农业工程学报, 2008,24(5):6-9.
[3] 张振华, 蔡焕杰, 杨润亚. 水分胁迫条件下膜下滴灌作物蒸发蒸腾量计算模式的研究[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2005,23(5):148-151.
[4] 赵居生. 青贮玉米不同生育期营养成份、生物产量和适宜收获期的研究[C]// 中国草学会饲料生产委员会.中国草学会饲料生产委员会2007年会暨第十四次学术研讨会论文集,2007:5.
[5] 雷志刚,王业建,梁晓玲,等.16个青贮玉米品种农艺性状与产量的通径分析[J].草食家畜,2016,(4):43-49.
[6] 鲁珊,毛彩云,岳金生,等.14个青贮玉米品种主要农艺性状与生物产量的相关及通径分析[J].黑龙江农业科学,2017,(8):1-3.
[7] 胡巍,曾强,卞云龙.青贮玉米生物量与主要农艺性状的关系[J].江苏农业科学,2012,40(12):220-221.
[8] Nemati A, Sedghi M, Sharifi R S, et al. Investigation of correlation between traits and path analysis of corn (Zea mays L.) grain yield at the climate of Ardabil region (northwest Iran).[J]. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 2009,7(1):194-198.
[9] 李波,陈喜昌,高云,等.青贮玉米生物产量与植株主要农艺性状相关的研究[J].玉米科学,2005,(2):76-78.
[10] 王得贤.用单叶面积速测单株青贮玉米地上生物量[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,1997,(3):19-21.
[11] 王得贤. 用单叶鲜重速测青贮玉米地上生物量[J]. 草业科学, 1997,(2):68-70.
[12] 师长海,李玉欣,董宝娣,等. 盆栽用土量对玉米生长发育的影响[J]. 西北农业学报,2010,19(5):71-75.
[13] 邢英英,张富仓,王秀康.不同生育期水分亏缺灌溉和氮营养对玉米生长的影响[J]. 干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(6):1-6,11.
[14] Pearce RB JJ Mock and TB Bailey. Rapid Method for Estimating Leaf Area Per Plant in Maize[J]. Crop Science,1975,15(15):691-694.
[15] 王得贤. 四种测定单株玉米总叶面积方法的比较[J]. 青海农林科技, 1999,(4):20-21.
[16] 张丽. 深松和培肥对旱地农田土壤水分保蓄能力及玉米生长的影响[D].北京:中国农业大学,2014.