不同放牧方式下牧户定居点放牧半径内草场植物群落多样性研究——以中蒙两国边境对应苏木内牧户为例
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摘要
为探讨不同放牧方式下牧户定居点放牧半径内(750m)草场植物群落多样性变化情况,以中蒙两国边境线两侧对应苏木内牧户定居点为中心,对不同放牧半径内的草场进行植物样方采集和数据分析。得出结果如下:纳兰苏木(蒙古国)样地内,在300m放牧半径范围内,草场植物群落多样性指数水平较低,样方间植物相似度较低,物种间更替速度快,样方生境差异较大,而300m放牧半径范围外,草场植物群落的多样性指数上升明显并趋于稳定;那仁宝拉格苏木(中国)样地内,植物群落多样性指数整体来看呈相近水平,与放牧半径间无显著相关性,但值得注意的是,样方间植物更迭速度一直处于较高水平,若出现不当的人为活动干预,草场容易出现整体退化现象。
In order to explore the change trend of plant community diversity in pastoral grazing radius( 750 m) under different grazing patterns,the article focuses on the settlements of Sumu Nei in both sides of the border between China and Mongolia,and within different grazing radii. Plant plot collection and data analysis were performed on the grassland. The results were as follows: At the Nalan Sumu( Mongolia) plot,within the 300 m grazing radius,the grassland plant community diversity index level and the plant similarity between the sample plants were low and the species exchange rate was fast. The sample habitat was quite different. Outside the grazing radius of 300 m,the diversity index of grassland plant community increased significantly and stabilized. At the Naibao Lager Sumu( China) plot,the plant community diversity index was similar to the whole level. There was no significant correlation between grazing radii. However,it is worth noting that the rate of plant turnover had always been at a high level. If there is improper human intervention,the grassland will be prone to overall degradation.
In order to explore the change trend of plant community diversity in pastoral grazing radius( 750 m) under different grazing patterns,the article focuses on the settlements of Sumu Nei in both sides of the border between China and Mongolia,and within different grazing radii. Plant plot collection and data analysis were performed on the grassland. The results were as follows: At the Nalan Sumu( Mongolia) plot,within the 300 m grazing radius,the grassland plant community diversity index level and the plant similarity between the sample plants were low and the species exchange rate was fast. The sample habitat was quite different. Outside the grazing radius of 300 m,the diversity index of grassland plant community increased significantly and stabilized. At the Naibao Lager Sumu( China) plot,the plant community diversity index was similar to the whole level. There was no significant correlation between grazing radii. However,it is worth noting that the rate of plant turnover had always been at a high level. If there is improper human intervention,the grassland will be prone to overall degradation.
引文
[1]布仁其其格.放牧强度对典型草原植物多样性与生产力的影响[D]．呼和浩特:内蒙古大学,2010.
[2] Olff H,Ritchie M E. Effects of herbivores on grassland plant diversity[J]. Trends in Ecology&Evolution,1998,13(7):261-265.
[3]王悦骅,宋晓辉,王占文,等.植物群落多样性和生产力对不同载畜率的响应[J]．中国草地学报,2018,40(06):107-112.
[4]包秀霞,易津,廉勇,等.典型草原不同放牧方式植物群落多样性研究[J]．华北农学报,2009,24(05):229-233.
[5]金晓明,韩国栋.放牧对草甸草原植物群落结构及多样性的影响[J]．草业科学,2010,27(04):7-10.
[6]方楷,宋乃平,魏乐,安慧.不同放牧制度对荒漠草原地上生物量及种间关系的影响[J]．草业学报,2012,21(05):12-22.
[7]张晶晶,王蕾,许冬梅.荒漠草原自然恢复中植物群落组成及物种多样性[J]．草业科学,2011,28(06):1091-1094.
[8]韩龙,郭彦军,韩建国,等.不同刈割强度下羊草草甸草原生物量与植物群落多样性研究[J]．草业学报,2010,19(03):70-75.
[9] Shang Z,Yao A,Long R,et al. Diversity and quantitative analysis of plant communities of desert grassland in Xiangshan mountain of Ningxia Province[J]. Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,2004.
[10]山丹,朱媛君,刘艳书,时忠杰,杨晓晖.呼伦贝尔草原南缘植被类型分异及生物多样性特征[J]．生态学杂志,2019,38(3):619-626.
[11] Lange R T. The Piosphere:sheep track and dung patterns[J]. Journal of Range Management,1969,22(6):396-400.
[12] Landsberg J,James C D,Morton S R,et al. The effects of artificial sources of water on rangeland biodiversity:final report to the biodiversity convention and strategy section of the biodiversity[J]. 1997.
[13]魏兴琥,杨萍,李森,等.超载放牧与那曲地区高山蒿草草甸植被退化及其退化指标的探讨[J]．草业学报,2005,(6):41-49.
[14]亦如翰,林一六,中村辙,等.内蒙古锡林郭勒草地的草种组分与放牧压的关系研究[J]．生态科学,2004,23(1):12-15.
[15]贾子毅.毛乌素沙地定居放牧草场植物群落分类与退化梯度分析[D]．北京:中国林业科学研究院,2008.
[16]罗培,P. Myagmartseren,Ts. Bazarkhand,E. Altanbold,敖敦格日乐,赛西雅拉图,等.不同放牧方式对草场放牧压力的影响研究———以绵羊群日活动轨迹为视角[J]．安徽农学通报,2018,24(23):102-105.
[17]罗培,敖敦格日乐.克氏针茅草原植物群落特征及稳定性对不同放牧方式的响应———以中蒙边境两个苏木为例[J]．草学,2019,(1):52-56.
[18]乌恩图.放牧对草地植物群落、生物多样性以及草地生态系统碳库的影响[J]．内蒙古林业调查设计,2019,42(1):73-77.
[19]侯扶江,杨中艺.放牧对草地的作用[J]．生态学报,2006,(1):244-264.
[20]海山．蒙古高原游牧文化中的环境道德及其现实意义[J]．中央民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2012,39(5):58-63.
[21]冯秀,仝川,张鲁,苗百岭,丁勇,张远鸣.内蒙古白音锡勒牧场区域尺度草地退化现状评价[J]．自然资源学报,2006,(4):575-583.
[22]乌音嘎,呼格吉勒图,海山.锡林郭勒盟牧区牧业人口承载量研究—以两个嘎查为例[J]．地理科学研究,2017,6(2):72-78.
[2] Olff H,Ritchie M E. Effects of herbivores on grassland plant diversity[J]. Trends in Ecology&Evolution,1998,13(7):261-265.
[3]王悦骅,宋晓辉,王占文,等.植物群落多样性和生产力对不同载畜率的响应[J]．中国草地学报,2018,40(06):107-112.
[4]包秀霞,易津,廉勇,等.典型草原不同放牧方式植物群落多样性研究[J]．华北农学报,2009,24(05):229-233.
[5]金晓明,韩国栋.放牧对草甸草原植物群落结构及多样性的影响[J]．草业科学,2010,27(04):7-10.
[6]方楷,宋乃平,魏乐,安慧.不同放牧制度对荒漠草原地上生物量及种间关系的影响[J]．草业学报,2012,21(05):12-22.
[7]张晶晶,王蕾,许冬梅.荒漠草原自然恢复中植物群落组成及物种多样性[J]．草业科学,2011,28(06):1091-1094.
[8]韩龙,郭彦军,韩建国,等.不同刈割强度下羊草草甸草原生物量与植物群落多样性研究[J]．草业学报,2010,19(03):70-75.
[9] Shang Z,Yao A,Long R,et al. Diversity and quantitative analysis of plant communities of desert grassland in Xiangshan mountain of Ningxia Province[J]. Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,2004.
[10]山丹,朱媛君,刘艳书,时忠杰,杨晓晖.呼伦贝尔草原南缘植被类型分异及生物多样性特征[J]．生态学杂志,2019,38(3):619-626.
[11] Lange R T. The Piosphere:sheep track and dung patterns[J]. Journal of Range Management,1969,22(6):396-400.
[12] Landsberg J,James C D,Morton S R,et al. The effects of artificial sources of water on rangeland biodiversity:final report to the biodiversity convention and strategy section of the biodiversity[J]. 1997.
[13]魏兴琥,杨萍,李森,等.超载放牧与那曲地区高山蒿草草甸植被退化及其退化指标的探讨[J]．草业学报,2005,(6):41-49.
[14]亦如翰,林一六,中村辙,等.内蒙古锡林郭勒草地的草种组分与放牧压的关系研究[J]．生态科学,2004,23(1):12-15.
[15]贾子毅.毛乌素沙地定居放牧草场植物群落分类与退化梯度分析[D]．北京:中国林业科学研究院,2008.
[16]罗培,P. Myagmartseren,Ts. Bazarkhand,E. Altanbold,敖敦格日乐,赛西雅拉图,等.不同放牧方式对草场放牧压力的影响研究———以绵羊群日活动轨迹为视角[J]．安徽农学通报,2018,24(23):102-105.
[17]罗培,敖敦格日乐.克氏针茅草原植物群落特征及稳定性对不同放牧方式的响应———以中蒙边境两个苏木为例[J]．草学,2019,(1):52-56.
[18]乌恩图.放牧对草地植物群落、生物多样性以及草地生态系统碳库的影响[J]．内蒙古林业调查设计,2019,42(1):73-77.
[19]侯扶江,杨中艺.放牧对草地的作用[J]．生态学报,2006,(1):244-264.
[20]海山．蒙古高原游牧文化中的环境道德及其现实意义[J]．中央民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2012,39(5):58-63.
[21]冯秀,仝川,张鲁,苗百岭,丁勇,张远鸣.内蒙古白音锡勒牧场区域尺度草地退化现状评价[J]．自然资源学报,2006,(4):575-583.
[22]乌音嘎,呼格吉勒图,海山.锡林郭勒盟牧区牧业人口承载量研究—以两个嘎查为例[J]．地理科学研究,2017,6(2):72-78.