欧盟对美政策调整的原因及趋向
摘要
随着特朗普政府上台以来对"美国优先"政策的推进,美国成为欧洲利益最大的践踏者和破坏者。与此同时,欧盟自身也面临严重困难。英国"脱欧"久拖不决,内部分歧增大,民粹主义兴风作浪,欧洲一体化寸步难行,致使欧盟无法达成共识,共同应对美国挑战。因此,欧盟面临着二战以来最为困难的选择,是继续拥抱美国,忍受未来巨大的不确定性,还是争取独立自主?目前,欧盟无论是出于主动还是被动,其对美政策已经在进行调整,尽管调整的方向还并不清晰。由于欧盟的特殊性,这种调整肯定是渐进的、缓慢的。从长远来看,欧盟的渐进式调整,特别是"战略自主"建设,逐渐会引发欧美关系的重大变化。
引文
[1]Extra-EU trade in good,http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statisticsexplained/index.php/Extra-EU_trade_in_goods#Evolution_of_extra-EU_trade.转引自张健:《跨大西洋关系的变化及前景》,《现代国际关系》,2018年第9期第39页.
[2][3]同[1]。
[4]吴孟克:《“裂变”的大西洋联盟与欧洲对外政策调整--专访中国现代国际关系研究院欧洲研究所所长张健》,载《世界知识》,2018第12期,第42页。
[5]National Security Strategy of the United States of America,https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/NSS-Final-12-18-2017-0905.pdf.
[6]Henry Samuel,“Macron wants'Euro army'to combat China,Russia and US”,https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/world/europe/macron-wants-euro-army-to-combat-china-russia-and-us-20181107-p50ef7.html.
[7]Krishnadev Calamur,“Germany’s Foreign Minister Just Proposed a Way to Skirt U.S.Sanctions”,https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/08/germany-us-heiko-maas/568129/.
[8]European Commission,“Towards a stronger international role of the euro”,https://ec.europa.eu/commission/sites/beta-political/files/communication_-_towards_a_stronger_international_role_of_the_euro.pdf.
[2][3]同[1]。
[4]吴孟克:《“裂变”的大西洋联盟与欧洲对外政策调整--专访中国现代国际关系研究院欧洲研究所所长张健》,载《世界知识》,2018第12期,第42页。
[5]National Security Strategy of the United States of America,https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/NSS-Final-12-18-2017-0905.pdf.
[6]Henry Samuel,“Macron wants'Euro army'to combat China,Russia and US”,https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/world/europe/macron-wants-euro-army-to-combat-china-russia-and-us-20181107-p50ef7.html.
[7]Krishnadev Calamur,“Germany’s Foreign Minister Just Proposed a Way to Skirt U.S.Sanctions”,https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/08/germany-us-heiko-maas/568129/.
[8]European Commission,“Towards a stronger international role of the euro”,https://ec.europa.eu/commission/sites/beta-political/files/communication_-_towards_a_stronger_international_role_of_the_euro.pdf.