淋雨对桂林鲕粒灰岩溶蚀机理的实验研究
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摘要
灰岩在自然环境下易发生溶蚀,其中水是引起灰岩发生溶蚀的重要因素。在淋雨试验箱内利用纯净水冲刷鲕粒灰岩表面,研究动力水对鲕粒灰岩溶蚀的机理。实验共进行1200 h,每隔120 h(即为1个循环)后,测试试块的表面微观形貌、质量和波速等参数,并基于起伏度变化计算溶蚀速率。微观形貌的测试结果表明,淋雨可以导致试块表面的方解石基质溶解与鲕粒脱落。其中,第1～4次循环间,试块表面方解石基质缓慢溶解,溶蚀速率为0～0.05μm·h~(-1);第5次循环时,试块发生鲕粒脱落,溶蚀速率增大到0.08～0.47μm·h~(-1);第6～10次循环间,方解石基质缓慢溶解,溶蚀速率为0～0.06μm·h~(-1)。同时,弹性波速在整个淋雨循环过程中没有变化,表明灰岩试块的内部没有发生劣化。
Carbonate rock can be easily corroded in natural environment.Water is an important factor that causes carbonate rock erosion.The pure water was used to wash the surface of oolitic limestone specimens in the experimental tank.The mechanism of rain or dynamic water on the dissolution of oolitic limestone was studied.The experiment of simulated rain was carried out for 1200 h.After each 120 h(i.e.a cycle),specimens were dried and the surface mico-topography,weight and ultrasonic wave velocity of specimens were measured,and the dissolution rate was calculated based on the change of the micro-topography.The results show that rain can cause calcite matrix dissolution and oolitic detachment on the surface of specimens.During the first to the fourth rain cycles,the calcite matrix on the surface of specimens slowly dissolved and the dissolution rate was 0～0.05μm·h~(-1).During the fifth rain cycle,oolitic detachment occurred on the surface of specimens and the dissolution rate was 0.08～0.47μm·h~(-1).During the sixth to the tenth rain cycles,the calcite matrix on the surface of specimens slowly dissolved and the dissolution rate was 0～0.06μm·h~(-1).Elastic wave velocity did not change during the whole cycling process,indicating that there is no degradation inside specimens.
Carbonate rock can be easily corroded in natural environment.Water is an important factor that causes carbonate rock erosion.The pure water was used to wash the surface of oolitic limestone specimens in the experimental tank.The mechanism of rain or dynamic water on the dissolution of oolitic limestone was studied.The experiment of simulated rain was carried out for 1200 h.After each 120 h(i.e.a cycle),specimens were dried and the surface mico-topography,weight and ultrasonic wave velocity of specimens were measured,and the dissolution rate was calculated based on the change of the micro-topography.The results show that rain can cause calcite matrix dissolution and oolitic detachment on the surface of specimens.During the first to the fourth rain cycles,the calcite matrix on the surface of specimens slowly dissolved and the dissolution rate was 0～0.05μm·h~(-1).During the fifth rain cycle,oolitic detachment occurred on the surface of specimens and the dissolution rate was 0.08～0.47μm·h~(-1).During the sixth to the tenth rain cycles,the calcite matrix on the surface of specimens slowly dissolved and the dissolution rate was 0～0.06μm·h~(-1).Elastic wave velocity did not change during the whole cycling process,indicating that there is no degradation inside specimens.
引文
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陈卫昌,李黎,邵明申,等.2017.酸雨作用下碳酸盐岩类文物的溶蚀过程与机理[J].岩土工程学报,39(11):2058-2067.
窦彦,严绍军,王磊,等.2017.龙门石窟张夏组鲕粒灰岩特征及溶蚀试验研究[J].文物保护与考古科学,29(3):60-66.
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刘再华,吴孔运,汪进良,等.2006.非岩溶流水中碳酸盐岩试块的侵蚀速率及其控制因素:以湖南郴州礼家洞为例[J].地球化学,35(1):103-110.
佘敏,寿建峰,贺训云,等.2013.碳酸盐岩溶蚀机制的实验探讨:表面溶蚀与内部溶蚀对比[J].海相油气地质,18(3):55-61.
宋春彦,何利,刘顺.2009.龙门山南段飞来峰构造变形及形成演化[J].华南地质与矿产,(1):51-57.
王炜,黄康俊,鲍征宇,等.2011.不同类型鲕粒灰岩储集层溶解动力学特征[J].石油勘探与开发,38(4):495-502.
王宇,李晓,胡瑞林,等.2015.岩土超声波测试研究进展及应用综述[J].工程地质学报,23(2):287-300.
徐飞高,汤剑,高士祥.2008模拟酸雨对石灰岩的破坏和表面腐蚀[J].生态环境学报,17(6):2445-2449.
张良喜,赵其华,胡相波,等.2012.某地区白云岩室内溶蚀试验及微观溶蚀机理研究[J].工程地质学报,20(4):576-584.
中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所.1988.桂林岩溶与地质构造[M].重庆:重庆出版社.
Berner R A,Morse J W.1974.Dissolution kinetics of calcium carbonate in sea water;IV,Theory of calcite dissolution[J].American Journal of Science,274(2):108-134.
Chen W C,Li L,Shao M S,et al.2017.Experimental study on carbonate dissolution and erosion effect under attack of simulated sulphuric acid rain[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,39(11):2058-2067.
Dou Y,Yan S J,Wang L,et al.2017.Characteristics and dissolution test Oolitic limestone from Zhangxia Formation in the Longmen Grottoes[J].Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology,29(3):60-66.
Hutchinson A J,Johnson J B,Thompson G E,et al.1993.Stone degradation due to wet deposition of pollutants[J].Corrosion Science,34(11):1881-1898.
Institute of Karst Geology.1988.Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences.Karst and geologic structure in Guilin[M].Chongqing:Chongqing Publishing Group.
Liu Q,Lu Y R,Zhang F E,et al.2010.Study of simulation experiment for carbonate rocks dissolution under hydrodynamic pressure[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,31(S1):96-101.
Liu Z H,Wu K Y,Wang J L,et al.2006.In situ precise measurement of erosion rates of carbonate rock blocks under flowing non-karst water using micro-erosion meter and the rate-determining factors[J].Geochimica,35(1):103-110.
Martínez-Martínez J,Benavente D,García-Del-Cura M A.2012.Comparison of the static and dynamic elastic modulus in carbonate rocks[J].Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,71(2):263-268.
Rauch H W,White W B.1977.Dissolution kinetics of carbonate rocks:1.Effects of lithology on dissolution rate[J].Water Resources Research,13(2):381-394.
She M,Shou J F,He X Y,et al.2013.Experiment of dissolution mechanism of carbonate rocks:surface dissolution and internal dissolution[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,18(3):55-61.
Sjberg E L,Rickard D T.1983.Temperature dependence of calcite dissolution kinetics between 1 and 62℃at pH 2.7 to 8.4 in aqueous solutions[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,48(3):485-493.
Sjberg E L,Rickard D T.1984.Calcite dissolution kinetics:Surface speciation and the origin of the variable pH dependence[J].Chemical Geology,42(1):119-136.
Sjberg E L.1976.A fundamental equation for calcite dissolution kinetics[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,40(4):441-447.
Song C Y,He L,Liu S,et al.2009.Characteristics of structural deformation and stress of klippes in the southern segment of Longmen Mountains[J].Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,(1):51-57.
Wang W,Huang K J,Bao Z Y,et al.2011.Dissolution kinetics of different types of oolitic limestones in northestern Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,38(4):495-502.
Wang Y,Li X,Hu R L,et al.2015.Review of reasearch process and application of ultrasonic testing for rock and soil[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,23(2):287-300.
Xu F G,Tang J,Gao S X.2008.Simulated acid rain on the deterioration of calcite and it's surface corrosion[J].Ecology and Environment,17(6):2445-2449.
Zhang L X,Zhao Q H,Hu X B,et al.2012.Laboratory dissolution test on dolomeite and its microdissolution mechanism[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,20(4):576-584.
陈卫昌,李黎,邵明申,等.2017.酸雨作用下碳酸盐岩类文物的溶蚀过程与机理[J].岩土工程学报,39(11):2058-2067.
窦彦,严绍军,王磊,等.2017.龙门石窟张夏组鲕粒灰岩特征及溶蚀试验研究[J].文物保护与考古科学,29(3):60-66.
刘琦,卢耀如,张凤娥,等.2010.动水压力作用下碳酸盐岩溶蚀作用模拟实验研究[J].岩土力学,31(S1):96-101.
刘再华,吴孔运,汪进良,等.2006.非岩溶流水中碳酸盐岩试块的侵蚀速率及其控制因素:以湖南郴州礼家洞为例[J].地球化学,35(1):103-110.
佘敏,寿建峰,贺训云,等.2013.碳酸盐岩溶蚀机制的实验探讨:表面溶蚀与内部溶蚀对比[J].海相油气地质,18(3):55-61.
宋春彦,何利,刘顺.2009.龙门山南段飞来峰构造变形及形成演化[J].华南地质与矿产,(1):51-57.
王炜,黄康俊,鲍征宇,等.2011.不同类型鲕粒灰岩储集层溶解动力学特征[J].石油勘探与开发,38(4):495-502.
王宇,李晓,胡瑞林,等.2015.岩土超声波测试研究进展及应用综述[J].工程地质学报,23(2):287-300.
徐飞高,汤剑,高士祥.2008模拟酸雨对石灰岩的破坏和表面腐蚀[J].生态环境学报,17(6):2445-2449.
张良喜,赵其华,胡相波,等.2012.某地区白云岩室内溶蚀试验及微观溶蚀机理研究[J].工程地质学报,20(4):576-584.
中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所.1988.桂林岩溶与地质构造[M].重庆:重庆出版社.