南海北部海域油气资源调查技术及其应用研究——震源子波检测及模拟分析
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摘要
在野外采集中考察气枪的稳定性以及室内进行确定性子波反褶积处理,都要求能够获得气枪阵列的实时远场子波。从震源子波检测方法出发,阐述了近场子波采集、幅值转换及记录流程,并列举出实测近场子波时需要考虑解决的问题;接着介绍了震源远场子波的获取方法和主要途径;震源近场子波及远场子波的实测方案,检测震源子波所需的仪器设备和采集技术方法。文中分析了气枪子波的气泡干扰问题,虚反射与后续气泡震荡间的关系以及吸收衰减对子波的影响,并根据实测远场子波,对齐氏和范氏两种气体模型进行了模拟效果对比,结果表明:采用范氏气体模型所模拟的子波与实际子波更为吻合,模拟出的气枪的子波波形、振幅大小、气泡周期上,与业界通用的Nucleus软件的模拟结果吻合较好,在后续的使用中将继续优化。
It is necessary to obtain real-time far-field wavelet of air gun arrays in field acquisition and deterministic wavelet deconvolution indoors. Starting from the method of source wavelet detection, this paper expounds the process of near-field wavelet acquisition, amplitude conversion and recording, and lists the problems that need to be considered and addressed when measuring near-field wavelet. Then it introduces the acquisition methods and the main ways of source far-field wavelet, together with the actual measurement scheme of source near-field wavelet and far-field wavelet, as well as the instruments and acquisition techniques needed to detect source wavelet. The bubble interference of air gun wavelet, the relationship between virtual reflection and subsequent bubble oscillation, and the influence of absorption attenuation on the wavelet are analyzed,respectinely. According to the measured far-field wavelet, the simulation results of Qi's and Fan's gas models are compared. The results show that the simulated wavelet of Fan's gas model is more consistent with the actual wavelet. The simulated waveform, amplitude and bubble period of air gun are in good agreement with the simulation results of the industry's universal Nucleus software, and will continue to be optimized in future applications.
It is necessary to obtain real-time far-field wavelet of air gun arrays in field acquisition and deterministic wavelet deconvolution indoors. Starting from the method of source wavelet detection, this paper expounds the process of near-field wavelet acquisition, amplitude conversion and recording, and lists the problems that need to be considered and addressed when measuring near-field wavelet. Then it introduces the acquisition methods and the main ways of source far-field wavelet, together with the actual measurement scheme of source near-field wavelet and far-field wavelet, as well as the instruments and acquisition techniques needed to detect source wavelet. The bubble interference of air gun wavelet, the relationship between virtual reflection and subsequent bubble oscillation, and the influence of absorption attenuation on the wavelet are analyzed,respectinely. According to the measured far-field wavelet, the simulation results of Qi's and Fan's gas models are compared. The results show that the simulated wavelet of Fan's gas model is more consistent with the actual wavelet. The simulated waveform, amplitude and bubble period of air gun are in good agreement with the simulation results of the industry's universal Nucleus software, and will continue to be optimized in future applications.
引文
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[9]王云峰.高分辨率气枪阵列及子波研究[J].中国海上油气(地质),1996,10(6):395-399.Wang Yunfeng. High resolution air gun array and wavelet study[J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas(Geology), 1996, 10(6):395-399.
[10]何汉漪.海上高分辨率地震技术及其应用[M].北京:地质出版社,2001.He Hanyi. Marine high resolution seismic technology and its application[M]. Beijing:Geological Publishing House, 2001.
[2]陈浩林,全海燕,於国平,等.气枪震源理论与技术综述(上)[J].物探装备,2008,18(4):211-217.Chen Haolin, Quan Haiyan, Yu Guoping, et al. Geophysical equipment,[J]. 2008, 18(4):211-217.
[3]韦成府,柴祎,郝小柱.近场子波信号实时监控与记录[J].地质装备,2015,16(5):28-31.Wei Chengfu, Chai Yi, Hao Xiaozhu. Real-time monitoring and recording of near-field wavelet signals[J]. Geological Equipment,2015, 16(5):28-31.
[4]赵庆献,胡家赋,郝小柱,等.南海天然气水合物资源勘查(2012年奋斗四号船)生产技术总结报告[R].广州:广州海洋地质调查局,2012.Zhao Qingxian, Hu Jiafu, Hao Xiaozhu, et al. Summary report on production technology of natural gas hydrate resources exploration in the South China Sea(Ship No. 4, Struggle 2012)[R]. Guangzhou:Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, 2012.
[5]曾凡祥. OBS测距定位原理及其精度分析[J].中国科技信息,2010(7):31-34.Zeng Fanxiang. Principle and accuracy analysis of OBS ranging and positioning[J]. China Science and Technology Information, 2010(7):31-34.
[6]李绪宣,温书亮,顾汉明,等.海上气枪阵列震源子波数值模拟研究[J].中国海上油气,2009,21(4):215-220.Li Xuxuan, Wen Shuliang, Gu Hanming, et al. Numerical simulation of source wavelet of offshore air gun array[J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas, 2009, 21(4):215-220.
[7]王立明.范式气体下气枪激发子波信号模拟研究[D].西安:长安大学,2010.Wang Liming. Simulating Study on Wavelet Signal Excited by Air Gun in Normal Gas[D]. Xi'an:Chang'an University, 2010.
[8]陈浩林,全海燕,於国平,等.气枪震源理论与技术综述(下)[J].物探装备,2008,18(5):300-312.Chen Haolin, Quan Haiyan, Yu Guoping, et al. Review of theory and technology of air gun source[J]. Geophysical Exploration Equipment, 2008, 18(5):300-312.
[9]王云峰.高分辨率气枪阵列及子波研究[J].中国海上油气(地质),1996,10(6):395-399.Wang Yunfeng. High resolution air gun array and wavelet study[J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas(Geology), 1996, 10(6):395-399.
[10]何汉漪.海上高分辨率地震技术及其应用[M].北京:地质出版社,2001.He Hanyi. Marine high resolution seismic technology and its application[M]. Beijing:Geological Publishing House, 2001.