电解法处理罗丹明B生产废水的工艺及机制研究
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摘要
随着染料工业的不断发展,其生产过程中产生的废水已成为主要的工业水体污染源。采用电解法处理罗丹明B生产废水,首先研究了极板材料和电流密度对废水处理效果的影响,结果表明:分别以镍板和RuO_2-IrO_2-TiO_2/Ti钛网为阴、阳极,控制极间距3 cm,电流密度2.0 A/dm~2,电解时间40 min,废水COD去除率可达44.3%,脱色率高达94.7%。然后通过H型电解槽实验和红外光谱对电解法处理罗丹明B生产废水的机制进行了探究,初步推断:阳极表面生成的氯气溶于水生成次氯酸,次氯酸氧化破坏废水中有机物分子的发色基团并促使其发生分解,生成的小分子有机物由于水溶性较差,被阳极表面生成的氯气以及阴极表面生成的氢气浮选出来,从而最终实现废水COD的降解和色度的去除。
With the development of dye industry, the resulting wastewater has become the main source of industrial water pollution. In this work, an electrolytic method was employed to treat the wastewater produced during the production of rhodamine B. Firstly, the influence of varying the electrode materials and current density on the wastewater treatment were studied in detail. The COD reduction ratio and decolorization ratio of the wastewater were 44.3% and 94.7% respectively, after electrolyzing for 40 min at a current density of 2.0 A/dm~2 when using RuO_2-IrO_2-TiO_2/Ti and a nickel plate as the anode and cathode respectively. The distance between the anode and cathode was kept at 3 cm, and the current density was controlled at 2.0 A/dm~2. The degradation mechanism was investigated by H-type cell experiment and infrared spectroscopy, from which it was concluded that hypochlorous acid was formed after the chlorine produced on the anode surface dissolved in water. The chromophores in rhodamine B molecules can be destroyed by the oxidative effect of the hypochlorite species, and rhodamine B molecule can be decomposed into organic species with lower molecular weight. Due to their poor solubility in water, the resulting organic species with lower molecular weight can be separated from the wastewater by the air flotation effect resulting from the production of chlorine and hydrogen at the anode and cathode respectively, which contributes to the reduction in COD and decolorization of the wastewater.
With the development of dye industry, the resulting wastewater has become the main source of industrial water pollution. In this work, an electrolytic method was employed to treat the wastewater produced during the production of rhodamine B. Firstly, the influence of varying the electrode materials and current density on the wastewater treatment were studied in detail. The COD reduction ratio and decolorization ratio of the wastewater were 44.3% and 94.7% respectively, after electrolyzing for 40 min at a current density of 2.0 A/dm~2 when using RuO_2-IrO_2-TiO_2/Ti and a nickel plate as the anode and cathode respectively. The distance between the anode and cathode was kept at 3 cm, and the current density was controlled at 2.0 A/dm~2. The degradation mechanism was investigated by H-type cell experiment and infrared spectroscopy, from which it was concluded that hypochlorous acid was formed after the chlorine produced on the anode surface dissolved in water. The chromophores in rhodamine B molecules can be destroyed by the oxidative effect of the hypochlorite species, and rhodamine B molecule can be decomposed into organic species with lower molecular weight. Due to their poor solubility in water, the resulting organic species with lower molecular weight can be separated from the wastewater by the air flotation effect resulting from the production of chlorine and hydrogen at the anode and cathode respectively, which contributes to the reduction in COD and decolorization of the wastewater.
引文
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[15] RAJKUMAR D,SONG B J,KIM G K.Electrochemical degradation of Reactive Blue 19 in chloride medium for the treatment of textile dyeing wastewater with identification of intermediate compounds [J].Dyes and Pigments,2007,72(1):1- 7.
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[2] 解建坤,岳钦艳,于慧,等.污泥活性炭对活性艳红K-2BP染料的吸附特性研究[J].山东大学学报(理学版),2007,42(3):64- 70.XIE J K,YUE Q Y,YU H,et al.Adsorptive properties of sludge activated carbon to Brilliant Red K-2BP[J].Journal of Shandong University(Natural Science),2007,42(3):64- 70.(in Chinese)
[3] 刘梅红,姜坪.膜法染料废水处理试验研究[J].膜科学与技术,2001,21(3):50- 52.LIU M H,JIANG P.Preliminary study on treatment of dye wastewater through nanofiltration[J].Membrane Science and Technology,2001,21(3):50- 52.(in Chinese)
[4] 徐颖,赵菊香,朱加征.物化- 生化法处理染料中间体生产废水[J].环境保护科学,2002,28(112):1- 3.XU Y,ZHAO J X,ZHU J Z.Treatment of dye intermediate wastewater by physical-chemical-biochemical method[J].Environmental Protection Science,2002,28(112):1- 3.(in Chinese)
[5] 王娟,杨永强,李井峰,等.耐高温反渗透膜在化工废水处理中的应用[J].化工环保,2010,30(2):125- 129.WANG J,YANG Y Q,LI J F,et al.Application of high temperature-resistant reverse osmosis membrane in chemical wastewater treatment[J].Environmental Protection of Chemical Industry,2010,30(2):125- 129.(in Chinese)
[6] 郭莹,陈鸿汉,张焕祯,等.基于Box-Behnken响应曲面法优化Fenton预处理高浓度染料中间体生产废水[J].环境科学研究,2017,30(5):775- 783.GUO Y,CHEN H H,ZHANG H Z,et al.Optimization of Fenton pre-treatment of high concentration dye intermediate wastewater based on Box-Behnken response surface methodology[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2017,30(5):775- 783.(in Chinese)
[7] 方玲,孟冠华,魏旺,等.苯系染料中间体生产废水的处理技术现状与发展[J].染料与染色,2016,53(4):42- 50.FANG L,MENG G H,WEI W,et al.Application status and development of treatment for wastewater from benzene-dye intermediates[J].Dyestuffs and Coloration,2016,53(4):42- 50.(in Chinese)
[8] 叶典,应迪文,江璇,等.转盘式光催化燃料电池处理染料废水[J].化工环保,2018,38(4):373- 378.YE D,YING D W,JIANG X,et al.Treatment of dye wastewater in rotating photocatalytic fuel cell[J].Environmental Protection of Chemical Industry,2018,38(4):373- 378.(in Chinese)
[9] 刘晶冰,燕磊,白文荣,等.高级氧化技术在水处理的研究进展[J].水处理技术,2011,37(3):11- 17.LIU J B,YAN L,BAI W R,et al.Study progress of water treatment by advanced oxidation processes[J].Technology of Water Treatment,2011,37(3):11- 17.(in Chinese)
[10] 汪涵.电化学技术在环保领域的应用[J].化工环保,2005,25(5):361- 363.WANG H.Application of electrochemical techniques in the field of environmental protection[J].Environmental Protection of Chemical Industry,2005,25(5):361- 363.(in Chinese)
[11] 牟兴琼,董冰岩,王辉,等.电催化氧化法降解水中玫瑰精B的试验研究[J].水处理技术,2011,37(8):109- 111,116.MU X Q,DONG B Y,WANG H,et al.Experimental study on the degradation of rhodamine B in wastewater by electrochemical catalytic oxidation[J].Technology of Water Treatment,2011,37(8):109- 111,116.(in Chinese)
[12] 杨卫身,周集体,杨凤林.微电解法降解染料的研究[J].上海环境科学,1996,15(7):30- 35.YANG W S,ZHOU J T,YANG F L.A micro-electrolysis method for dyestuffs degradation[J].Shanghai Environment Science,1996,15(7):30- 35.(in Chinese)
[13] SHEN Z M,WU D,YANG J,et al.Methods to improve electrochemical treatment effect of dye wastewater[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2006,131:90- 97.
[14] 熊蓉春,贾成功,魏刚.二维和三维电极法催化降解染料废水[J].北京化工大学学报(自然科学版),2002,29(5):34- 37.XIONG R C,JIA C G,WEI G.Treatment of dyestuffs wastewater with two and three-dimension electrode methods[J].Journal of Beijing University of Chemical Technology (Natural Science),2002,29(5):34- 37.(in Chinese)
[15] RAJKUMAR D,SONG B J,KIM G K.Electrochemical degradation of Reactive Blue 19 in chloride medium for the treatment of textile dyeing wastewater with identification of intermediate compounds [J].Dyes and Pigments,2007,72(1):1- 7.
[16] 谢晶曦,常俊标,王绪明.红外光谱在有机化学和药物化学中的应用[M].修订版.北京:科学出版社,2001:164- 166.XIE J X,CHANG J B,WANG X M.Application of infrared spectroscopy in organic chemistry and medicinal chemistry[M].revised ed.Beijing:Science Press,2001:164- 166.(in Chinese)