SRM模型在尼洋河流域的应用研究
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摘要
尼洋河流域位于藏东南地区,由于受到来自印度洋季风的影响降水充沛,流域内海拔高差大,降水形式主要是降雨和降雪,尼洋河汛期主要集中在5~9月份,特别是5月份积雪大量消融,使得融雪径流在径流总量中占有相当重要的比例。采用融雪径流模型(SRM)对尼洋河2007年及2008年降水径流进行模拟。结果表明,SRM模型在水文气象基础资料相对缺乏的尼洋河流域有着较好的模拟精度,两年平均拟合确定系数R~2为0.776,平均体积差异系数D_v为6.219%。模型充分利用了流域积雪覆盖遥感数据,成为在以融雪径流为主而基础水文气象资料又相对缺乏流域应用的一大优势。
The Niyang River basin is located in the southeastern Tibet,where has abundant precipitation under the influence of the Indian monsoon.There are huge difference between the elevations in the basin.The precipitation is mainly contributed by rainfall and snowfall.The Niyang River flood season is mainly concentrated from May to September,especially the snow cover largely melts in May that makes the snowmelt runoff account for a significant proportion of the total runoff.This paper applied the snowmelt runoff model(SRM) to simulate the precipitation of the Niyang River in 2007 and 2008.The results indicate that the SRM model has good simulation accuracy in the Niyang River basin,where are relatively lacking of hydrological and meteorological basic data.The two-year average fitted coefficient R~2 is 0.776 and the average volumetric difference coefficient D_v is 6.219%.The model makes full use of the remote sensing data of snow cover in the basin,which is a major advantage in the application of hydrological and meteorological data based on snowmelt runoff.
The Niyang River basin is located in the southeastern Tibet,where has abundant precipitation under the influence of the Indian monsoon.There are huge difference between the elevations in the basin.The precipitation is mainly contributed by rainfall and snowfall.The Niyang River flood season is mainly concentrated from May to September,especially the snow cover largely melts in May that makes the snowmelt runoff account for a significant proportion of the total runoff.This paper applied the snowmelt runoff model(SRM) to simulate the precipitation of the Niyang River in 2007 and 2008.The results indicate that the SRM model has good simulation accuracy in the Niyang River basin,where are relatively lacking of hydrological and meteorological basic data.The two-year average fitted coefficient R~2 is 0.776 and the average volumetric difference coefficient D_v is 6.219%.The model makes full use of the remote sensing data of snow cover in the basin,which is a major advantage in the application of hydrological and meteorological data based on snowmelt runoff.
引文
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[7]吕琳莉,尼玛次仁,王维成,等.尼洋河流域径流时空变化特性初步分析[J].水力发电,2011,37(2):5-7.(LV Linli,Nimaciren,WANG Weicheng,et al.Analysis on runoff spatiotemporal distribution of Niyang River basin[J].Water Power,2011,37(2):5-7.(in Chinese))
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[10]王超,赵传燕,冯兆东.黑河上游不同流域融雪过程的SRM模拟[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2011,47(3):1-8.(WANG Chao,ZHAO Chuanyan,FENG Zhaodong.Simulating snowmelt process by using SRM in different watersheds in the upper reaches of Heihe Riverbasin[J].Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences),2011,47(3):1-8.(in Chinese))
[11]除多.2000-2014年西藏高原积雪覆盖时空变化[J].高原山地气象研究,2016,36(1):27-37.(CHU Duo.Spatial-temporal variations of snow cover on the Tibet autonomous region from 2000 to 2014using MODIS data[J].Plateau and Mountain Meteorology Research,2016,36(1):27-37.(in Chinese))
[12]刘俊峰.长江源区冬克玛底河流域积雪变化与融雪径流模拟[D].重庆:中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,2006:42-45.(LIU Junfeng.Snow Cover Change and Snowmelt Runoff Simulation in the Dongkemadi River Basin in the Source Region of the Yangtze River[D].Chongqing:Cold and Arid Regions Environmental andEngineering Research Institute,2006:42-45.(in Chinese))
[13]戴礼云,车涛.1999—2008年中国地区雪密度的时空分布及其影响特征[J].冰川冻土,2010,32(5):861-866.(DAI Liyun,CHE Tao.The spatio-temporal distribution of snow density and it's influence factors from 1999 to 2008 in China[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2010,32(5):861-866.(in Chinese))
[14]李巧媛,谢自楚.高原区气温垂直递减率的分布及其特点分析一以青藏高原及其周边地区为例[J].石河子大学学报(自然科学版),2006,24(6):719-723.(LI Qiaoyuan,XIE Zichu.Analyses on the characteristics of the vertical lapse rates of temperature—taking Tibetan plateau and its adjacent area as an example[J].Journal of Shihezi University(Natural Science),2006,24(6):719-723.(in Chinese))
[2]李弘毅,王建.SRM融雪径流模型在黑河流域上游的模拟研究[J].冰川冻土,2008,30(5):769-775.(LI Hongyi,WANG Jian.The snowmelt runoff model applied in the upper Heihe River basin[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2008,30(5):769-775.(in Chinese))
[3]怀保娟,李忠勤,孙美平,等.SRM融雪径流模型在乌鲁木齐河源区的应用研究[J].干旱区地理,2013,36(1):41-48.(HUAI Baojuan,LI Zhongqin,SUN Meiping,et al.Snowmelt runoff model applied in the headwaters region of Urumqi River[J].Arid Land Geography,2013,36(1):41-48.(in Chinese))
[4]张璞,王建,刘艳,等.SRM模型在玛纳斯河流域春季洪水预警中的应用研究[J].遥感技术与应用,2009,24(4):456-461.(ZHANG Pu,WANG Jian,LIU Yan,et al.Application of SRM to flood forecast and forwaming of Manasi River basin in spring[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2009,24(4):456-461.(in Chinese))
[5]马虹,程国栋.SRM融雪径流模型在西天山巩乃斯河流域的应用实验[J].科学通报,2003,48(19):2088-2093.(MA Hong,CHENG Guodong.Application of SRM(snowmelt runoff model)in the Gongnaisi River basin of western Tianshan[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2003,48(19):2088-2093.(in Chinese))
[6]达瓦次仁,巴桑赤烈,白玛,等.尼洋河流域水文特性分析[J].水文,2008,28(4):92-94.(Dawaciren,Basangchilie,Baima,et al.Analysis of hydrological characteristics of Niyang River basin[J].Journal of China Hydrology,2008,28(4):92-94.(in Chinese))
[7]吕琳莉,尼玛次仁,王维成,等.尼洋河流域径流时空变化特性初步分析[J].水力发电,2011,37(2):5-7.(LV Linli,Nimaciren,WANG Weicheng,et al.Analysis on runoff spatiotemporal distribution of Niyang River basin[J].Water Power,2011,37(2):5-7.(in Chinese))
[8]王建群,陈红红,洛珠尼玛.藏东南尼洋河流域降水径流水量平衡问题[J].河海大学学报(自然科学),2015,43(4):283-287.(WANG Jianqun,CHEN Honghong,Luozhunima.Precipitation-runoff water balance problem in Niyang River catchment in Southeast Tibet[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2015,43(4):283-287.(in Chinese))
[9]Hall D K,Riggs G A,Salomonson V V,et al.MODIS snow-cover products[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2002,83(2):181-194.
[10]王超,赵传燕,冯兆东.黑河上游不同流域融雪过程的SRM模拟[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2011,47(3):1-8.(WANG Chao,ZHAO Chuanyan,FENG Zhaodong.Simulating snowmelt process by using SRM in different watersheds in the upper reaches of Heihe Riverbasin[J].Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences),2011,47(3):1-8.(in Chinese))
[11]除多.2000-2014年西藏高原积雪覆盖时空变化[J].高原山地气象研究,2016,36(1):27-37.(CHU Duo.Spatial-temporal variations of snow cover on the Tibet autonomous region from 2000 to 2014using MODIS data[J].Plateau and Mountain Meteorology Research,2016,36(1):27-37.(in Chinese))
[12]刘俊峰.长江源区冬克玛底河流域积雪变化与融雪径流模拟[D].重庆:中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,2006:42-45.(LIU Junfeng.Snow Cover Change and Snowmelt Runoff Simulation in the Dongkemadi River Basin in the Source Region of the Yangtze River[D].Chongqing:Cold and Arid Regions Environmental andEngineering Research Institute,2006:42-45.(in Chinese))
[13]戴礼云,车涛.1999—2008年中国地区雪密度的时空分布及其影响特征[J].冰川冻土,2010,32(5):861-866.(DAI Liyun,CHE Tao.The spatio-temporal distribution of snow density and it's influence factors from 1999 to 2008 in China[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2010,32(5):861-866.(in Chinese))
[14]李巧媛,谢自楚.高原区气温垂直递减率的分布及其特点分析一以青藏高原及其周边地区为例[J].石河子大学学报(自然科学版),2006,24(6):719-723.(LI Qiaoyuan,XIE Zichu.Analyses on the characteristics of the vertical lapse rates of temperature—taking Tibetan plateau and its adjacent area as an example[J].Journal of Shihezi University(Natural Science),2006,24(6):719-723.(in Chinese))