乌鲁木齐市米东区采暖期颗粒物(PM_(2.5))汞的含量特征研究
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摘要
2017年11月1日-2017年12月25在乌鲁木齐米东区以每24小时为一个周期采集了34个大气PM_(2.5)样品,结合同步的污染物实时排放数据分析了颗粒物PM_(2.5)汞浓度变化情况。结果表明:乌鲁木齐米东区颗粒物PM_(2.5)汞浓度范围为57-543pg/m~3,平均值为269±131pg/m~3,在我国处于中等污染水平,高于全球背景值,降雪对颗粒物PM_(2.5)汞有显著去除作用。3个点位颗粒物PM_(2.5)汞较大的变化范围表明除了地表汞的释放外,监测点明显受周边的人为汞排放源影响。通过相关性分析得出试验点位颗粒物PM_(2.5)汞浓度与大气污染物SO_2、NO_2呈显著正相关,表明人为汞排放源对颗粒物PM_(2.5)汞浓度有较大的贡献。
34 air samples were collected every 24 hours in period from November 1,2017 to December 25,2017 in Midong district of Urumqi,to analyze the mercury concentration in PM_(2.5) particles with pollutants emission real-time data synchronization. The results showed that the concentration range of mercury in the atmospheric PM_(2.5) in the eastern region of Urumqi was 57-543 pg/m~3,the average value was 269 ± 131 pg/m~3,which was at a moderate pollution level in China,and was higher than the global background value. Snowfall had a significant removal effect on particulate mercury. The change range of mercury concentration in the 3 spots indicated that the monitoring spot was obviously influenced by the mercury emission from the surrounding area. Through correlation analysis,it was concluded that there was a significant positive correlation between mercury and air pollutants SO_2 and NO_2 in PM_(2.5) particles. It indicated that the source of anthropogenic mercury hah a great contribution to the mercury in the atmospheric PM_(2.5) particles.
34 air samples were collected every 24 hours in period from November 1,2017 to December 25,2017 in Midong district of Urumqi,to analyze the mercury concentration in PM_(2.5) particles with pollutants emission real-time data synchronization. The results showed that the concentration range of mercury in the atmospheric PM_(2.5) in the eastern region of Urumqi was 57-543 pg/m~3,the average value was 269 ± 131 pg/m~3,which was at a moderate pollution level in China,and was higher than the global background value. Snowfall had a significant removal effect on particulate mercury. The change range of mercury concentration in the 3 spots indicated that the monitoring spot was obviously influenced by the mercury emission from the surrounding area. Through correlation analysis,it was concluded that there was a significant positive correlation between mercury and air pollutants SO_2 and NO_2 in PM_(2.5) particles. It indicated that the source of anthropogenic mercury hah a great contribution to the mercury in the atmospheric PM_(2.5) particles.
引文
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[2]Ebinghaus R,Slemr F. Aircraft measurements of atmospheric mercury over southern and eastern Germany[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2000,34(6):895-903.
[3]Kvietkus K,Xiao Z,Lindqvist O. Denuder-based techniques for sampling,separation and analysis of gaseous and participate mercury in air[J]. Mercury as a Global Pollutant. Springer Netherlands,1995,80(1-4):1209-1216.
[4]黄永健,周蓉生,张成江,汪云亮.大气环境中汞污染的研究进展[J].物探与化探,2002(4):296-298,314.
[5]修光利.上海市大气微小颗粒物中汞的形态分析与污染特征研究[A].全国环境化学学术报告会[C]上海:中国化学会、上海交通大学.2004
[6]Lee D S,Dollard G J,Pepler S. Gas-phase mercury in the atmosphere of the United Kingdom[J]. Atmospheric Environment,1998,32(5):855-864.
[7]Munthe J,Wngberg I,Iverfeldt,et al. Distribution of atmospheric mercury species in Northern Europe:final results from the MOE project[J].Atmospheric Environment,2003,37:9-20.
[8]Seo Y S,Han Y J,Choi H D,et al. Characteristics of total mercury(TM)wet deposition:scavenging of atmospheric mercury species[J]. Atmospheric environment,2012,49:69-76.
[9]梁隆超,仇广乐,陈卓.贵阳市大气颗粒物(PM_(2. 5))汞浓度分布特征及影响因素[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(2):510-515.
[10]程娜,钱冠磊,段炼,赵梦飞,修光利.嵊泗地区大气PM_(2. 5)中汞形态污染及其与碳组分的关系[J].环境科学,2017,38(2):438-444.
[11]纪元,康宏,李刚.乌鲁木齐市冬季重污染天气下PM_(2. 5)中重金属污染特征及来源解析[J].干旱环境监测,2016,30(3):127-131.
[12]王章玮,张晓山,张逸,权建农.北京市大气颗粒物PM_(2. 5),PM_(10)及降雪中的汞[J].环境化学,2004,23(6):668-673.
[13]张玉卿,刘汝海,崔雪晴,周建平,王艳.青岛霾天气下大气汞的污染特征分析[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(8):1905-1911.
[14]Tsai Y I,Kuo S C,Lin Y H. Temporal characteristics of inhalable mercury and arsenic aerosols in the urban atmosphere in southern Taiwan[J].Atmospheric Environment,2003,37(24):3401-3411.
[15]杜金花,黄晓锋,何凌燕,孙洁,郑莹,栾胜基.深圳市大气细粒子(PM_(2. 5))中汞的污染特征[J].环境科学研究,2010,23(6):667-673.
[16]Wan Q,Feng X,Lu J,et al. Atmospheric mercury in Changbai Mountain area,northeastern China II. The distribution of reactive gaseous mercury and particulate mercury and mercury deposition fluxes[J]. Environmental Research,2009,109(6):721-727.
[17]Fu X W,Feng X,Liang P,et al. Temporal trend and sources of speciated atmospheric mercury at Waliguan GAW station,Northwestern China[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2012,12(4):1951-1964.
[18]Munthe J,Wngberg I,Pirrone N,et al. Intercomparison of methods for sampling and analysis of atmospheric mercury species[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2001,35(17):3007-3017.
[19]李静.中瑞两国城市居住区大气汞的变异特征及人体暴露剂量估算[D].重庆:西南大学,2007.
[20]范拴喜,甘卓亭,李美娟,张掌权,周旗.土壤重金属污染评价方法进展[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(17):310-315.
[21]Lee D S,Dollard G J,Pepler S. Gas-phase mercury in the atmosphere of the United Kingdom[J]. Atmospheric Environment,1998,32(5):855-864.
[22]Li Z,Xia C,Wang X,et al. Total gaseous mercury in Pearl River Delta region,China during 2008 winter period[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2011,45(4):834-838.
[23]刘俊华.北京市汞污染情况初步调查[D].北京:中科院生态中心,1996.
[24]方凤满,王起超,郝庆菊.大气汞的来源、形态及环境过程研究现状[J].环境科技,2001,21(2):18~20.
[25]Kim K H,Kim M Y. The temporal distribution characteristics of total gaseous mercury at an urban monitoring site in Seoul during 1999-2000[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2001,35(25):4253-4263.
[26]刘明,陈来国,范瑞芳,许振成,陈多宏,张德强,郑剑平,周炎,孙家仁.鼎湖山大气气态总汞含量和变化特征的初步研究[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(4):932-939.