基于DPM模型的建筑小区内颗粒物扩散研究
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摘要
近年来,颗粒物污染是影响居民居住环境的关键因素,为了控制颗粒污染物扩散、改善居民生活环境、提高居民生活质量,有必要研究不同风向和不同污染源位置下颗粒物的扩散规律。根据几何参数建立了建筑小区的三维模型,采用FLUENT软件,选用RNG k-ε两方程模型和离散相模型(Discrete Phase Model,DPM)对建筑小区内的气流运动、颗粒物扩散及浓度分布进行数值模拟,给出不同风向、不同污染源位置下人呼吸高度和窗高处的空气流场和颗粒物浓度场。研究显示,结合当地主导风向,合理安排建筑小区布局及车道的走向可以有效减轻建筑小区受污染的程度,从而提高建筑小区风环境质量,改善居民的生活环境。
Particulate matter pollution is a key factor affecting living environment of the residents and it is necessary to master the diffusion regularity under different wind directions and pollution source positions in order to control particulate pollutants diffusion, improve the residents' living environment and enhance the quality of inhabitants. Three dimensional models of building zone is established according to the geometric parameters of building. The flow, particle diffusion and concentration distribution in the building zone are numerically simulated by using FLUENT and RNG k-ε equation model and discrete phase model and the air flow field and particle concentration field at the height of human respiration and window are given. This study shows that reasonably arranging the building zone layout and the direction of the lane by combining the local dominant wind direction can effectively reduce the pollution degree in the residential zone, so as to upgrade the air quality of the zone and improve residents' quality of life.
Particulate matter pollution is a key factor affecting living environment of the residents and it is necessary to master the diffusion regularity under different wind directions and pollution source positions in order to control particulate pollutants diffusion, improve the residents' living environment and enhance the quality of inhabitants. Three dimensional models of building zone is established according to the geometric parameters of building. The flow, particle diffusion and concentration distribution in the building zone are numerically simulated by using FLUENT and RNG k-ε equation model and discrete phase model and the air flow field and particle concentration field at the height of human respiration and window are given. This study shows that reasonably arranging the building zone layout and the direction of the lane by combining the local dominant wind direction can effectively reduce the pollution degree in the residential zone, so as to upgrade the air quality of the zone and improve residents' quality of life.
引文
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[2]贺克斌,贾英韬,马永亮,等.北京大气颗粒物污染的区域性本质研究[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(3):482-487.
[3]DOCKERY D W,RD P C,XU X,et al.An association between air pollution and mortality in six U.S.cities[J].New England Journal of Medicine,1993,329(24):1753-1759.
[4]郭少为,吴文权.建筑物对空气污染物扩散影响的研究[J].城市环境与城市生态,1997(1):54-57.
[5]GOMES M S,ISNARD A A,PINTO J M.Wind tunnel investigation on the retention of air pollutants in three-dimensional recirculation zones in urban areas[J].Atmospheric Environment,2007,23:4947-4961.
[6]谢祖欣,王宏,郑秋萍,等.2015年福州市大气颗粒物污染特征[J].环境科学研究,2017,30(6):864-873.
[7]荣双,王萍.风向对街谷内颗粒物扩散的DPM数值模拟研究[J].环境科学与技术,2016,39(2):38-42.
[8]谢海英,陈康民.风向对街道峡谷内污染物扩散的影响[J].环境科学研究,2011,24(5):497-504.
[9]徐伟嘉,余志,蔡铭,等.街道峡谷内不同车道污染物扩散的数值模拟[J].环境科学研究,2010,23(8):1007-1012.
[10]都桂梅.几种典型布局住宅小区风环境数值模拟研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2009:1-3.
[11]AHMADI G,LI A.Computer simulation of particle transport and deposition near a small isolated building[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2000,84(1):23-46.
[12]KIM J J,BAIK J J.A numerical study of the effects of ambient wind direction on flow and dispersion in urban street canyons using the RNG – turbulence model[J].Atmospheric Environment,2004,38(19):3039-3048.
[13]TOMINAGA Y,MOCHIDA A,YOSHIE R,et al.AIJ guidelines for practical applications of CFD to pedestrian wind environment around buildings[J].Journal of Wind Engineering & Industrial Aerodynamics,2008,96(10/11):1749-1761.
[14]蒋德海,蒋维楣,苗世光.城市街道峡谷气流和污染物分布的数值模拟[J].环境科学研究,2006,19(3):7-12.
[15]TSAI M Y,CHEN K S.Measurements and three-dimensional modeling of air pollutant dispersion in an Urban Street Canyon[J].Atmospheric Environment,2004,38(35):5911-5924.
[16]YAKHOT K,ORSZAG S A.Renormalization group and local order in strong turbulence[J].Nuclear Physics B,1987,2:400-417.
[17]YAKHOT V,SMITH L M.The renormalization group,the ε-expansion and derivation of turbulence models[J].Journal of Scientific Computing,1992,7(1):35-61.
[18]罗昔联,顾兆林.基于DPM模型的街谷内颗粒物扩散特性研究[J].中国科学院大学学报,2007,24(5):578-583.
[19]姜雪.西安市空气污染物浓度统计特征及其气象影响研究[D].西安:长安大学,2012:15-17.
[20]蔡浩,谢绍东.中国不同排放标准机动车排放因子的确定[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2010,46(3):319-326.
[21]桑建国,刘辉志,王保民,等.街谷环流和热力结构的数值模拟[J].应用气象学报,2002,13(1):69-81.
[22]张晓伟.住宅小区污染物扩散的数值模拟及分析[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2007:1-2.
[23]尤学一,李莉.污染源对建筑小区影响的数值模拟[J].环境科学研究,2006,19(3):13-17.