琼江流域(安居段)水质及面源污染综合评价
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摘要
为了明确琼江流域(安居段)的水质情况,准确评估该流域的主要污染源、主要污染物、重点治理乡镇等,为当地水环境污染控制及治理提供理论依据。采用改进的内梅罗指数法对研究区水质进行了评价,并且将输出系数法和源强系数法相结合,从安居区21个乡镇、5种污染源、3种污染物角度分析了其面源污染情况。结果表明:整个研究区水质较差,水体丰水期的水质劣于枯水期;流域面源污染严重,主要污染源为城镇居民区污水、农田地表径流及畜禽养殖场;污染物主要为氨氮(NH_3-N),其次为总磷(TP);安居镇、拦江镇和西梅镇则是对研究区污染贡献较大的乡镇。研究区面源污染在空间分布上具有较大差异,应根据其分布情况和特征,采取相应措施控制及治理水质污染。
In order to clarify the water quality of Anju Section of the Qiongjiang River Basin, the main pollution sources, major pollutants and key townships in the basin were accurately assessed to provide the theoretical basis for local water pollution control and treatment. The improved Nemero index method was used to evaluate the water quality of the study area, the export coefficient method and source strength coefficient method were combined to analyze the non-point source pollution from 21 townships, 5 pollution sources and 3 pollutants in Anju District. The results showed that the water quality of the whole study area was poor, and the water quality during the flooding season was inferior to that in the dry season; the non-point source pollution of the basin was serious, and the main pollution sources were sewage of urban residential areas, farmland surface runoff and livestock and poultry farms; the main pollutant was ammonia nitrogen(NH_3-N), total phosphorus(TP) came to the next; Anju Town, Lanjiang Town and Ximei Town contributed greatly to the pollution of the study area. In general, the non-point source pollution in the study area was greatly different in spatial distribution. It is suggested that the corresponding measures should be taken according to non-point source pollution distribution and its characteristics in the process of control and governance.
In order to clarify the water quality of Anju Section of the Qiongjiang River Basin, the main pollution sources, major pollutants and key townships in the basin were accurately assessed to provide the theoretical basis for local water pollution control and treatment. The improved Nemero index method was used to evaluate the water quality of the study area, the export coefficient method and source strength coefficient method were combined to analyze the non-point source pollution from 21 townships, 5 pollution sources and 3 pollutants in Anju District. The results showed that the water quality of the whole study area was poor, and the water quality during the flooding season was inferior to that in the dry season; the non-point source pollution of the basin was serious, and the main pollution sources were sewage of urban residential areas, farmland surface runoff and livestock and poultry farms; the main pollutant was ammonia nitrogen(NH_3-N), total phosphorus(TP) came to the next; Anju Town, Lanjiang Town and Ximei Town contributed greatly to the pollution of the study area. In general, the non-point source pollution in the study area was greatly different in spatial distribution. It is suggested that the corresponding measures should be taken according to non-point source pollution distribution and its characteristics in the process of control and governance.
引文
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[2] Wu C,Chau K.Mathematical model of water quality rehabilitation with rainwater utilization:a case study at Haigang[J].International Journal of Environment & Pollution,2006,28(3):534-545.
[3] Haregeweyn N,Yohannes F.Testing and evaluation of the agricultural non-point source pollution model(AGNPS)on Augucho catchment,western Hararghe,Ethiopia[J].Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment,2003,99(1/3):201-212.
[4] 李小丽,敖天其,黎小东.古蔺河流域古蔺县段农业非点源污染综合评价[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(5):327-331.
[5] 李伟.苕溪流域地表水水质综合评价与非点源污染模拟研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2013.
[6] 谭渝峰,张琪,朱莎,等.基于简单建模与因子分析的湖泊水质评价[J].生态与农村环境学报,2015,31(3):432-439.
[7] 张龙玲,徐慧,管桂玲,等.改进的综合水质标识指数法在上海市长宁区水质评价中的应用[J].水资源保护,2014(3):81-84.
[8] 郑涛,马友华,胡宏祥,等.农业面源污染生态风险评价研究进展[J].环境保护与循环经济,2016,36(7):35-39.
[9] 张从.环境评价教程[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2005.
[10] 蔡晔,林怡雯,李月娥,等.利用改进的内梅罗指数法模型评价苏州市内外城河水质[J].化学分析计量,2015(2):84-87.
[11] 闫欣荣.修正的内梅罗指数法及其在城市地下饮用水源地水质评价中的应用[J].地下水,2010,32(1):6-7.
[12] 李亚松,张兆吉,费宇红,等.内梅罗指数评价法的修正及其应用[J].水资源保护,2009,25(6):48-50.
[13] Johnes P,O′Sullivan.Nitrogen and phosphorus losses from the catchment of Slapton Ley,Devon-an export coefficient approach[J].Field Studies,1989,7(2):285-309.
[14] 张洪波,李俊,黎小东,等.缺资料地区农村面源污染评估方法研究[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2013,45(6):58-66.
[15] 国家环境保护总局,国家质量监督检验检疫总局.地表水环境质量标准GB3838—2002[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.