山区河流造床流量计算探讨
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摘要
造床流量是反映多年流量过程下多种造床综合作用的某一种流量,目前对造床流量(特别是山区)的理论研究还不够完善。以黑水河下游为例,分别用马卡维也夫法、平滩流量法、洪峰频率法探讨了山区河流的造床流量计算,并根据造床流量求得的稳定河宽与实际河宽归一化的结果来验证选择最优方法。结果表明:马卡维也夫法最优,其σQ~mJP～Q曲线中峰值1对应的流量可作为造床流量,对于山区可用多年平均流量来代替造床流量。研究结果可为山区桥梁工程设计和河流研究提供借鉴。
Bed-building discharge is a kind of discharge reflecting the comprehensive result of multiple bed-making factors throughout many years. At present,the theoretical research on bed-building discharge( especially mountainous river) is imperfect. Taking the lower reach of the Heishui River as an example,this paper discusses the bed-building discharge calculation of mountainous river using the Makavieff method,the flat beach method and the flood frequency method respectively. The best method is verified and selected according to the normalized stable river width and real river width calculated by bed-building discharge. The result shows that the best method is the Makavieff method whose first peak discharge in the curve can be considered as bed-building discharge; for the mountainous river,the multi-years average discharge can be used as the bed-building discharge. The research result can provide the reference for bridge design in mountainous area and river research.
Bed-building discharge is a kind of discharge reflecting the comprehensive result of multiple bed-making factors throughout many years. At present,the theoretical research on bed-building discharge( especially mountainous river) is imperfect. Taking the lower reach of the Heishui River as an example,this paper discusses the bed-building discharge calculation of mountainous river using the Makavieff method,the flat beach method and the flood frequency method respectively. The best method is verified and selected according to the normalized stable river width and real river width calculated by bed-building discharge. The result shows that the best method is the Makavieff method whose first peak discharge in the curve can be considered as bed-building discharge; for the mountainous river,the multi-years average discharge can be used as the bed-building discharge. The research result can provide the reference for bridge design in mountainous area and river research.
引文
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[15] 张为,高宇,许全喜,等.三峡水库运用后长江中下游造床流量变化及其影响因素[J/OL].水科学进展:1-9[2018-05-28].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/32.1309.P.20180514.1028.030.html.
[2] 金晓琴.河道整治规划设计中造床流量的探讨及应用[J].甘肃农业,2004(11):68.
[3] 虞邦义,郁玉锁,赵凯.淮河中游造床流量计算[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2010,38(2):210-214.
[4] 钱宁,谢鉴衡,黄胜,等.泥沙手册[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1992.
[5] 吴保生,夏军强,张原锋.黄河下游平滩流量对来水来沙变化的响应[J].水利学报,2007(7):886-892.
[6] 金正越,杨兴菊.淮河中游河床演变与整治研究,造床流量和河相关系[R].蚌埠:安徽省水利部淮河水利委员会水利科学研究院,1998.
[7] 余文畴,卢金友.长江河道演变与整治[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005.
[8] 张二,杨九.基于风险管理的贵州乌江东风水电站大坝中孔处理方案研究[C]//水库大坝建设与管理中的技术进展:中国大坝协会2012学术年会论文集.2012:289-299.
[9] 谢鉴衡,丁君松,王运辉,等.河床演变及整治[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1990.
[10] 尹学良,陈金荣.黄河下游河性的形成[J].人民黄河,1995(1):59-60.
[11] 薛广瑞,赵书田,王淑英,等.黑龙江省河流造床流量的选择[J].黑龙江水利科技,1998(2):46-47.
[12] 肖立敏,朱立俊,范红霞.造床流量法中变指数m值的确定[J].东北水利水电,2007(7):1-3,71.
[13] 何长春.暴雨中心移动与对应的雨洪频率问题[J].人民长江,1987,18(3):36-40,24.
[14] 任继周,舒远华.山区河谷型城镇防洪对策研究[J].人民长江,2014,45(S1):35-36,39.
[15] 张为,高宇,许全喜,等.三峡水库运用后长江中下游造床流量变化及其影响因素[J/OL].水科学进展:1-9[2018-05-28].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/32.1309.P.20180514.1028.030.html.