空间视角下湖北省环境绩效评估及影响因素分析
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摘要
以湖北省为例,基于压力-状态-响应(PSR)模型构建环境绩效评估指标体系,运用空间自相关和标准差椭圆对湖北省各地区绩效指数空间特征及影响因素进行探讨,结果显示:湖北省各地区环境绩效指数(EPI)均高于60,但普遍处于中等水平,良好及优秀所占比例低.EPI较高的地区主要位于湖北省西部和中部,压力和状态指数从西至东递减,响应指数则呈现东部高于西部高于中部的态势.状态指标绩效指数在空间上显著正相关,即环境质量状况较好(或较差)的地区在空间上集聚.EPI及二级指标绩效指数均以西北-东南为布局方向,且EPI椭圆重心较于基准重心偏向于西南方向.各地区环境指数除受到资源禀赋的影响外,还与城镇化率和人口密度显著相关.
Taking Hubei province as an example, a system of environmental performance evaluation indicators was constructed based on the pressure-status-response(PSR) model, and spatial autocorrelation and standard deviation ellipsoid method were used to explore the spatial pattern characteristics and influencing factors of performance indexes in various regions of Hubei Province. The results showed that the environmental performance indexes(EPIs) of all regions investigated in Hubei Province were higher than 60, but those were generally at a medium level and the proportion of good and excellent was low. The regions with higher EPI were mainly located in the western and central parts of Hubei Province. The pressure and status indexes decreased from west to east, and the response indexes in eastern part were higher than those in western and central parts. The status indexes had a significant positive correlation in space, which meant that areas with better(or worse) environmental quality gather in space. The EPIs and the second-level indexes took the northwest-southeast as the layout direction, and the EPI elliptical center of gravity was biased toward the southwest direction compared with the benchmark center of gravity. In addition to being influenced by resource endowments, regional environmental indexes were also significantly related to urbanization rates and population density.
Taking Hubei province as an example, a system of environmental performance evaluation indicators was constructed based on the pressure-status-response(PSR) model, and spatial autocorrelation and standard deviation ellipsoid method were used to explore the spatial pattern characteristics and influencing factors of performance indexes in various regions of Hubei Province. The results showed that the environmental performance indexes(EPIs) of all regions investigated in Hubei Province were higher than 60, but those were generally at a medium level and the proportion of good and excellent was low. The regions with higher EPI were mainly located in the western and central parts of Hubei Province. The pressure and status indexes decreased from west to east, and the response indexes in eastern part were higher than those in western and central parts. The status indexes had a significant positive correlation in space, which meant that areas with better(or worse) environmental quality gather in space. The EPIs and the second-level indexes took the northwest-southeast as the layout direction, and the EPI elliptical center of gravity was biased toward the southwest direction compared with the benchmark center of gravity. In addition to being influenced by resource endowments, regional environmental indexes were also significantly related to urbanization rates and population density.
引文
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[2]Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD).OECD core set of indicators for environmental performance reviews:ASynthesis Report[R].Paris:OECD,1993.
[3]Smeets E,Weterings R.Environmental indicators:Typology and overview[M].Copenhagen:Technical Report,European Environmental Agency,1999:9-16.
[4]Myhre O,Fjellheim K,Ringnes H,et al.Development of environmental performance indicators supported by an environmental information system:Application to the Norwegian defence sector[J].Ecological Indicators,2013,29(Complete):293-306.
[5]García-Sánchez,Isabel-María,Almeida T A D N,et al.A proposal for a composite index of environmental performance(CIEP)for countries[J].Ecological Indicators,2015,48:171-188.
[6]Strezov V,Evans A,Evans T J.Assessment of the economic,social and environmental dimensions of the indicators for sustainable development[J].Sustainable Development,2017,25(3):242-253.
[7]王婷,袁增伟.基于“压力-状态-响应”模型的江苏省环境绩效评估研究[J].中国环境管理,2017,9(3):59-65.Wang T,Yuan Z W.Environmental performance evaluation in Jiangsu Province based on pressure-state-response model[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Management,2017,9(3):59-65.
[8]王俊能,许振成,胡习邦,等.基于DEA理论的中国区域环境效率分析[J].中国环境科学,2010,30(4):565-570.Wang J N,Xu Z C,Hu X B,et al.Analysis of environmental efficiencies and their changes in China based on DEA theory[J].China Environmental Science,2010,30(4):565-570.
[9]郝春旭,翁俊豪,董战峰,等.基于主成分分析的中国省级环境绩效评估[J].资源开发与市场,2016,32(1):26-30.Hao C X,Weng J H,Dong Z F,et al.China’s provincial environmental performance assessment based on principal component analysis[J].Resource Development&Market,2016,32(1):26-30.
[10]郝春旭,董战峰,葛察忠,等.基于聚类分析法的省级环境绩效动态评估与分析[J].生态经济,2015,31(1):154-157.Hao C X,Dong Z F,Ge C Z.Cluster analysis on Chinese provincial environmental performance evaluation[J].Ecological Economy,2015,31(1):154-157.
[11]湖北省生态环境厅.湖北省环境质量状况公报[R].2016~2017.Department of Ecology and Environment of Hubei Province.Hubei’s Environmental Quality Status Bulletin[R].2016~2017.
[12]国家生态环境部.国家环境保护模范城市考核指标[S].2008.Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China.National model cities for environmental protection[S].2008.
[13]GB3095-2012环境空气质量标准[S].2012.GB3095-2012 Environmental air quality standard[S].2012.
[14]国家生态环境部.全国生态环境质量报告[R].2014.Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the people’s Republic of China.National ecological environment quality report[R].2014.
[15]国家生态环境部.生态县、生态市、生态省建设指标(修订稿)[S].2007.Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the people’s Republic of China.Ecological county,ecological city and ecological province construction index(revised draft)[S].2007.
[16]湖北省生态环境厅.湖北省环境保护模范城市考核指标及其实施细则[S].2012.Department of Ecology and Environment of Hubei Province.Hubei province model city of environmental protection assessment indicators and implementation rules[S].2012.
[17]王周伟,崔百胜,张元庆.空间计量经济学:现代模型与方法[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2017:7.Wang Z W,Cui B S,Zhang Y Q.Spatial Econometrics:Modern models and methods[M].Beijing:Peking University Press,2017:7.
[18]马海涛,李强,刘静玉,等.中国淘宝镇的空间格局特征及其影响因素[J].经济地理,2017,37(9):118-124.Ma H T,Li Q,Liu J Y,et al.Spatial pattern characteristics and influencing factors of Taobao Town in China[J].Economic Geography,2017,37(9):118-124.
[19]赵作权.空间格局统计与空间经济分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2014:3.Zhao Z Q.Spatial pattern statistics and spatial economic analysis[M].Beijing:Science Press,2014:3.
[20]Krugman P.First nature,second nature and metropolitan location[J].Journal of Regional Science,1993,33:129-144.
[21]高旭阔,张迪.考虑环境因素的城镇污水处理投资效率--基于三阶段DEA的方法[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(9):3594-3600.Gao X K,Zhang D.Efficiency evaluation of the investment in urban sewage treatment via the three stage DEA method considering environmental factors[J].China Environmental Science,2018,38(9):3594-3600.