氯肥对烟田土壤和烟叶氯含量及产量的影响
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摘要
为合理施用氯肥,确保烟叶氯含量在优质烟叶氯含量范围内,研究了氯用量(不施氯、施氯45、75 kg/hm~2)和施用期(氯全部作基肥、基肥施氯50%加追肥施氯50%)对土壤氯含量、烟叶氯含量、烟叶产量和产值的影响。结果表明:基肥结合追肥施氯较基肥施氯能更有效地提高烟株根际土壤氯含量和烟叶氯含量;施氯45kg/hm~2(基肥施氯50%、追肥施氯50%)的烟叶氯含量为0.54%～0.59%,钾氯比为7.44～7.88,均在优质烟叶氯含量(0.3%～0.8%)和钾氯比(4～10)的适宜范围内,其烟叶产量较对照增加70.5 kg/hm~2,产值提高3 354.0元/hm~2。
In order to apply chlorine fertilizer reasonably and ensure the chlorine content of tobacco leaves within the range for high quality tobacco leaves, the effects of the amount of chlorine(no chlorine, chlorine application 45 kg/hm~2,chlorine application 75 kg/hm~2) and application period(chlorine all used as base fertilizer, chlorine used as base fertilizer50% and topdressing fertilizer 50%) on soil chlorine content, tobacco leaf chlorine content, tobacco yield and output value were investigated. The results showed that chlorine content in rhizosphere soil and tobacco leaf increased more effectively by applying chlorine base fertilizer combined with topdressing fertilizer. Under chlorine application at 45 kg/hm~2(50% chlorine application for base fertilizer and 50% chlorine application for topdressing fertilizer), the chlorine contents in tobacco leaves were ranged from 0.54%-0.59%, and the ratios of potassium to chlorine were ranged from7.44-7.88, meeting the range for high quality tobacco leaves, which are 0.3%-0.8% for chlorine and 4-10 for potassium-chloride ratio. Compared with the control, the yield of tobacco leaves increased by 70.5 kg/hm, and the output value increased by 3 354.0 Yuan/hm~2.
In order to apply chlorine fertilizer reasonably and ensure the chlorine content of tobacco leaves within the range for high quality tobacco leaves, the effects of the amount of chlorine(no chlorine, chlorine application 45 kg/hm~2,chlorine application 75 kg/hm~2) and application period(chlorine all used as base fertilizer, chlorine used as base fertilizer50% and topdressing fertilizer 50%) on soil chlorine content, tobacco leaf chlorine content, tobacco yield and output value were investigated. The results showed that chlorine content in rhizosphere soil and tobacco leaf increased more effectively by applying chlorine base fertilizer combined with topdressing fertilizer. Under chlorine application at 45 kg/hm~2(50% chlorine application for base fertilizer and 50% chlorine application for topdressing fertilizer), the chlorine contents in tobacco leaves were ranged from 0.54%-0.59%, and the ratios of potassium to chlorine were ranged from7.44-7.88, meeting the range for high quality tobacco leaves, which are 0.3%-0.8% for chlorine and 4-10 for potassium-chloride ratio. Compared with the control, the yield of tobacco leaves increased by 70.5 kg/hm, and the output value increased by 3 354.0 Yuan/hm~2.
引文
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[2]宁尚辉,邓勇,陈志刚,等.氯营养对烤烟产质量的影响研究进展[J].现代农业科技,2011(24):81-82.
[3]卢晓华,熊德忠,杨美丽,等.氯素营养水平对烤烟生长发育及产质量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2012,33(1):52-55.
[4]谭军,刘晓颖,李强,等.文山烟区土壤和烟叶氯素特征及影响因子研究[J].中国烟草科学,2016,37(5):40-46.
[5]曾睿,陈春,何忠俊,等.不同供氯水平对烤烟生长发育和养分吸收的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2010(2):55-58,62.
[6]徐安传,李佛琳,王超.氯素对烤烟生长发育和品质的影响研究进展[J].中国烟草科学,2007,28(2):6-9.
[7]李强,周冀衡,何伟,等.中国主要烟区烤烟氯含量区域特征研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2010(2):49-54.
[8]张翔,范艺宽,黄元炯,等.烤烟吸收氯的主要来源及其在体内分布的研究[J].土壤肥料,2006(2):62-64.
[9]许自成,郭燕,肖汉乾,等.湖南烟区土壤水溶性氯的地区分布特点及其与烤烟氯含量的关系[J].生态学杂志,2008,27(12):2190-2194.
[10]罗建新,石丽红,龙世平.湖南主产烟区土壤养分状况与评价[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2005,31(4):376-380.
[11]邓小华,周冀衡,陈冬林,等.湖南烤烟氯含量状况及其对评吸质量的影响[J].烟草科技,2008,41(2):8-12,16.
[12]余金龙,陈若星,王玉帅,等.施氯量对烤烟生长及品质的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2011,32(6):60-62,66.
[13]李文卿,陈顺辉,林海滨,等.氯肥施用时期对烤烟生长期间氯积累规律的影响[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(17):149-152.
[14]李文卿,陈顺辉,谢昌发,等.烟田土壤养分迁移规律研究Ⅱ.中微量元素的迁移规律[J].中国烟草学报,2004,10(1):17-21.
[15]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000:195-196.
[16]关博谦,石孝均,霍沁建,等.重庆市烟区土壤-烤烟氯素含量及其变化研究[J].水土保持学报,2005(1):89-92.
[17]李明德,肖汉乾,汤海涛,等.湖南烟区土壤含氯状况及烤烟施氯效应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(1):44-50.
[18]舒小兵,李佛琳,杨虹琦,等.施氯量对丽江烤烟烟叶生长·产量和化学成分的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(32):15631-15632,15668.
[19]许永锋,陈顺辉,李文卿,等.不同施氯量对烤烟氯含量和产质量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2008,29(5):27-31.
[20]李姗姗,刘国顺,张玉丰.施氯量对凉山烤烟产量和品质的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2008,42(1):14-17.
[21]石孝均,霍沁建,关博谦,等.重庆市烤烟氯素营养研究[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2007,29(3):74-80.