焦作古代煤炭开发利用述论
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摘要
煤炭是焦作储量丰富的矿产资源,它的发现和开采利用,对于焦作的经济发展、社会进步、城镇兴起、风俗变迁等曾产生过重要的作用及深远的影响。中国最早论述煤炭分布的文献就有对焦作的记载。在中国漫长的古代社会中,先人们在焦作将开采的煤炭先后用于炊爨、取暖、冶铁、烧制陶瓷及建筑等方面。古代煤炭的开发促进了焦作地区手工业、陶瓷业、建材业、运输业、堆栈业、商业等的发展,为焦作地区进入工业社会后经济的进步、人口的聚集和增长,并最终成为河南的工业中心之一起到了重要的作用。
Coal is one of abundant reserved mineral resources in Jiaozuo. The discovery and exploitation of coal resources played an important role in the economic development,social progress,the rise of towns,and custom changes in Jiaozuo. The first Chinese literatures about coal resource distribution had a record of Jiaozuo. In ancient society,our ancestors in Jiaozuo made use of the coal in cooking,heating,iron-smelting,ceramic firing and construction materials. The exploitation of coal in ancient times promoted the development of handcraft,ceramic,construction materials,transportation,stack,and business in Jiaozuo area,as well as playing a significant part in Jiaozuo's social economic progress and population aggregation and increase after entering the industrial society and becoming one of the industrial centers in Henan Province.
Coal is one of abundant reserved mineral resources in Jiaozuo. The discovery and exploitation of coal resources played an important role in the economic development,social progress,the rise of towns,and custom changes in Jiaozuo. The first Chinese literatures about coal resource distribution had a record of Jiaozuo. In ancient society,our ancestors in Jiaozuo made use of the coal in cooking,heating,iron-smelting,ceramic firing and construction materials. The exploitation of coal in ancient times promoted the development of handcraft,ceramic,construction materials,transportation,stack,and business in Jiaozuo area,as well as playing a significant part in Jiaozuo's social economic progress and population aggregation and increase after entering the industrial society and becoming one of the industrial centers in Henan Province.
引文
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[2]李仲均﹒中国古代用煤历史的几个问题考辨[J].地球科学——武汉地质学院学报,1987(6):666.
[3]修武县志编纂委员会﹒修武县志[M].郑州:河南人民出版社,1986.
[4]焦作市冶金建材工业志[M].郑州:河南人民出版社,1989.
[5]洛阳市文物工作队.洛阳吉利发现西汉冶铁工匠墓葬[J].考古与文物,1982(3):51-52.
[6]杨育彬.河南考古[M].郑州:中州古籍出版社,1985.
[7]北京钢铁学院中国古代冶金编写组.中国古代冶金[M].北京:文物出版社,1978.
[8]韩汝玢,柯俊.中国科学技术史·矿冶卷[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.
[9]姚伟﹒山阳城外之宋代运煤驿站[N].大河报,2014-11-07(02).
[10](宋)朱翌.猗觉寮杂记:卷上[M].北京:中华书局,1985.
[11](清)徐松辑.宋会要稿[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2014.
[12]刘文锴﹒修武碑刻辑考[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2013.
[13]赵志文.当阳峪窑工作考古发掘主要收获[M]//焦作市政协委员会.焦作陶瓷史料专辑.焦作:焦作市文史委员会出版,2007:207.
[14]焦作市地方志编委会.焦作市志[M].北京:红旗出版社,1993.
[15]焦作煤矿志编委会.焦作煤矿志[M].郑州:河南人民出版社,1989.
[16]郭长秀,谷武民.行走大运河之焦作篇·古驿武安煤炭俏销[N].大河报,2011-12-19(03).
[17]李希霍芬.中国旅行报告书[M].北京:商务印书馆,2016.