河图、洛书的传承途径考
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摘要
仔细梳理河图、洛书在古文献及考古材料中的出处,发现先秦文献中只有河图名称;河图内容、洛书名称和内容均出于西汉初期。辨析八卦与河图、洛书的关系,证明河图、洛书并不存在不同版本,二者与八卦间也没有演化关系,河图、洛书的内容是确定的。在此基础上分析周秦及秦汉间的文化传承,得到河图、洛书的两条传承途径:一条是经由周、秦至西汉朝廷的官方传承,另一条是经由卢生、谶纬学说至陈抟的民间传承。
After raveling out the designation and content of Hetu and Luoshu, we only find the designation of Hetu in the pre-Qin Dynasty documents. The content of Hetu and Luoshu and the designation of Luoshu firstly appeared in the early West-Han Dynasty. Through the analysis on the relationship between Eight Diagrams and Hetu and Luoshu, the derivation issue of Hetu and Luoshu during the process of inheritance is solved. Based on the analysis on the inheritance of mathematics literature, we find two inheritance channels of Hetu and Luoshu. The first inheritance channel for Hetu and Luoshu shall be the official inheritance from Zhou and Qin Dynasties to the Western Han Dynasty. Furthermore, we find that the second inheritance channel for Hetu and Luoshu shall be from Lu Sheng and the theory of Confucianist Divination to Chen Tuan, via the combination of the origin of concept of book and the content of Lutushu.
After raveling out the designation and content of Hetu and Luoshu, we only find the designation of Hetu in the pre-Qin Dynasty documents. The content of Hetu and Luoshu and the designation of Luoshu firstly appeared in the early West-Han Dynasty. Through the analysis on the relationship between Eight Diagrams and Hetu and Luoshu, the derivation issue of Hetu and Luoshu during the process of inheritance is solved. Based on the analysis on the inheritance of mathematics literature, we find two inheritance channels of Hetu and Luoshu. The first inheritance channel for Hetu and Luoshu shall be the official inheritance from Zhou and Qin Dynasties to the Western Han Dynasty. Furthermore, we find that the second inheritance channel for Hetu and Luoshu shall be from Lu Sheng and the theory of Confucianist Divination to Chen Tuan, via the combination of the origin of concept of book and the content of Lutushu.
引文
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[2]班固.汉书[M].北京:中华书局,1962.
[3]岳南.西汉孤魂:长沙马王堆汉墓发掘记[M].北京:商务印书馆,2011:296-297.
[4]陈仁仁.上海博物馆藏战国楚竹书《周易》研究综述[J].周易研究,2005(2):16-27.
[5]巩曰国.《管子》“三匡”研究[D].济南:山东大学,2001.
[6]王永宽.河图洛书探秘[M].郑州:河南人民出版社,2006:104.
[7]李小成.关朗易学考论[J].周易研究,2005(2):30-39.
[8]朱熹,蔡元定.易学启蒙[M]//李光地.周易折中.成都:巴蜀书社,2006.
[9]王襄天,韩自强.阜阳双古堆西汉汝阴侯墓发掘简报[J].文物,1978(8):12-31.
[10]黄怀信,孔德立,周海生.明堂第67[M]//大戴礼记汇校集注.西安:三秦出版社,2004:920.
[11]许慎.说文解字[M].北京:中华书局,2013.
[12]李迪,吴文俊.中国数学史大系:上古到西汉[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,1998:130-131.
[13]陈明远,金岷彬.八卦起源于陶器时代的数字卦[J].社会科学论坛,2012(4):31-42.
[14]李学勤.清华大学藏战国竹简(肆)下[M].上海:中西书局,2013:119.
[15]孔颖达.孔氏传《尚书》[M]//尚书.北京:中华书局,1998:56-57.
[16]史崧.灵枢经[M]//四库全书·子部·医家类.北京:中医古籍出版社,2016:205-206.
[17]王旭,徐昭玉.《灵枢·九宫八风篇》的九宫图非其所固有[J].中华医史杂志,1992(2):95-96.
[18]张苍.九章算术[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,2006:序1.
[19]李约瑟.中华科学文明史:第2卷[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2002:23.
[20]吴倩茜.谶纬名义论综述[J].安徽文学,2008(10):314.