畜禽粪便堆肥过程中有机肥腐熟研究
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摘要
通过分析外界条件与内部结构变化对畜禽粪便堆肥过程中有机肥腐熟进行研究。分别以牛粪、鸡粪和猪粪为畜禽粪便堆肥的原料开始堆肥试验,分析了温度、含水量、氧气含量对畜禽粪便堆肥腐熟度的影响,同时分析畜禽粪便堆肥过程微生物数量变化情况。结果表明,鸡粪堆肥最佳温度大约为70℃,最佳含水量为48.6%,最佳含氧量为56 kPa;牛粪堆肥最佳温度大约为78℃,最佳含水量为59.8%,最佳含氧量为89 kPa;猪粪堆肥最佳温度大约为69℃,最佳含水量为50.0%,最佳含氧量为45 kPa;猪粪中存在大量耐高温的放线菌;牛粪的真菌数高于其他2种畜禽粪便的真菌数,牛粪中具有更多的耐高温真菌,可以在高温中存活,来降解纤维素。3种畜禽粪便堆肥的温度与细菌、真菌、放线菌均为正相关。
We studied the ageing of organic fertilizer during composting of livestock and poultry manure by analyzing external conditions and internal structural changes.The composting experiment was started with cow dung,chicken manure and pig manure as raw materials for livestock and poultry manure composting,the effects of temperature,water content and oxygen content on compost maturity of livestock and poultry manure were analyzed.At the same time,the changes of microbial quantity in the composting process of livestock and poultry were analyzed.The results showed that the optimal temperature for composting of chicken manure was about 70 ℃,the optimum water content was 48.6%,and the optimum oxygen content was 56 kPa.The optimum temperature for composting of cow dung was about 78 ℃,the optimum water content was 59.8%,and the optimum oxygen content was 89 kPa.The optimum temperature for composting of pig manure was about 69 ℃,the optimum water content was 50.0%,and the optimum oxygen content was 45 kPa.There were a large number of high temperature resistant actinomycetes in pig manure; the number of fungi in cow dung was higher than that in the other two kinds of livestock and poultry manure,and there were more high temperature resistant fungi in cow dung,which can survive at high temperature to degrade cellulose.The temperature in composting of three kinds of livestock and poultry manure was positively correlated with bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes.
We studied the ageing of organic fertilizer during composting of livestock and poultry manure by analyzing external conditions and internal structural changes.The composting experiment was started with cow dung,chicken manure and pig manure as raw materials for livestock and poultry manure composting,the effects of temperature,water content and oxygen content on compost maturity of livestock and poultry manure were analyzed.At the same time,the changes of microbial quantity in the composting process of livestock and poultry were analyzed.The results showed that the optimal temperature for composting of chicken manure was about 70 ℃,the optimum water content was 48.6%,and the optimum oxygen content was 56 kPa.The optimum temperature for composting of cow dung was about 78 ℃,the optimum water content was 59.8%,and the optimum oxygen content was 89 kPa.The optimum temperature for composting of pig manure was about 69 ℃,the optimum water content was 50.0%,and the optimum oxygen content was 45 kPa.There were a large number of high temperature resistant actinomycetes in pig manure; the number of fungi in cow dung was higher than that in the other two kinds of livestock and poultry manure,and there were more high temperature resistant fungi in cow dung,which can survive at high temperature to degrade cellulose.The temperature in composting of three kinds of livestock and poultry manure was positively correlated with bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes.
引文
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[2] 王亚飞,李梦婵,邱慧珍,等.不同畜禽粪便堆肥的微生物数量和养分含量的变化[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2017,52(3):37-45.
[3] 何芳,罗阳,浣成,等.高温堆肥技术在我国畜禽粪便污染治理中的应用[J].安徽农业科学,2018,46(17):41-43.
[4] 赵明梅,汪国刚,郎咸明.畜禽粪便生产有机肥的新技术应用[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(1):239-240,249.
[5] 李冉,赵立欣,孟海波,等.有机废弃物堆肥过程重金属钝化研究进展[J].中国农业科技导报,2018,20(1):121-129.
[6] 肖小朋,靳鹏,蔡珉敏,等.非水虻源微生物与武汉亮斑水虻幼虫联合转化鸡粪的研究[J].微生物学报,2018,58(6):1116-1125.
[7] 唐哲仁,李红娜,黄亚丽,等.一种生物矿质复合材料对猪粪堆肥品质的影响[J].中国农业气象,2017,38(6):388-396.
[8] 王代懿,余洋,张丰松,等.堆肥方式和温度对牛粪堆肥过程中天然类固醇激素降解的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2017,29(12):2104-2108.
[9] ZHENG Y,LI H,WANG Y,et al.Evolutionary mechanism and biological functions of 8-mers containing CG dinucleotide in yeast[J].Chromosome research,2017,25(2):173-189.
[10] REYMER A,ZAKRZEWSKA K,LAVERY R.Sequence-dependent response of DNA to torsional stress:A potential biological regulation mechanism[J].Nucleic acids research,2018,46(4):1684-1694.