以型驭能 零能耗太阳能住宅的类型学实验求解
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摘要
2002年,美国能源部发起太阳能十项全能竞赛以实验探索零能耗太阳能住宅的现实路径.并于2010年引入欧洲。这一竞赛本质为何?基于国内最早赛队的经验,文章提出了由生态原型、组织性类型和元素类型构成的零能耗太阳能住宅类型学体系,形成八种基本生态类型及三层三空间的组织类型。作者将两次欧洲竞赛共33座作品的表现与其背后跨学科设计策略建立了对应关系,以形成优选策略体系。最终,文章还讨论了三组与生态体验有关的最新的零能耗太阳能住宅本体表现特征。
In 2002, the US Department of Energy launched the Solar Decathlon to explore the technical route of Zero Energy Solar House(ZESH) and introduced it to Europe in 2010(Solar Decathlon Europe). Based on the first Chinese team's experience, this paper proposes a ZESH typological system consisting of ecological prototypes, organizational types and element types, forms 8 basic ecological types and three-layer organizational types. It sets to observe the corresponding relationship between interdisciplinary design strategies and performance and to establish an optimized typological system. Finally, it concludes with the presentation of 3 sets of ZESH ontological performance features.
In 2002, the US Department of Energy launched the Solar Decathlon to explore the technical route of Zero Energy Solar House(ZESH) and introduced it to Europe in 2010(Solar Decathlon Europe). Based on the first Chinese team's experience, this paper proposes a ZESH typological system consisting of ecological prototypes, organizational types and element types, forms 8 basic ecological types and three-layer organizational types. It sets to observe the corresponding relationship between interdisciplinary design strategies and performance and to establish an optimized typological system. Finally, it concludes with the presentation of 3 sets of ZESH ontological performance features.
引文
[1] Le Corbusier. Toward an architecture[M]. Jean-Louis Cohen, ed.John Goodman, trans. Los angles:Getty Research Institute, 2007.
[2]张时聪,徐伟.姜益强.等.“零能耗建筑”定义发展历程及内涵研究[J].建筑科学,2013,29(10):114-120.
[3] Peter G. Rowe. Design Thinking[M]. Cambridge, MA:MIT Press,1987:85.
[4] Reyner Banham. The Architecture of The Well-Tempered Environment[M]. London:The Architectural Press, 1969:19.
[5] Ryan E. Smith. Prefab Architecture:A Guide to Modular Design and Construction[M]. New Jersey:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.,2010:100.
[6] L. Martin, L. March. Urban Space and Structures[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1972:20.
(1)本文中参赛队伍均以英文缩写表示,相对应的学校详见表1。——编者注
[2]张时聪,徐伟.姜益强.等.“零能耗建筑”定义发展历程及内涵研究[J].建筑科学,2013,29(10):114-120.
[3] Peter G. Rowe. Design Thinking[M]. Cambridge, MA:MIT Press,1987:85.
[4] Reyner Banham. The Architecture of The Well-Tempered Environment[M]. London:The Architectural Press, 1969:19.
[5] Ryan E. Smith. Prefab Architecture:A Guide to Modular Design and Construction[M]. New Jersey:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.,2010:100.
[6] L. Martin, L. March. Urban Space and Structures[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1972:20.
(1)本文中参赛队伍均以英文缩写表示,相对应的学校详见表1。——编者注