摘要
对某腈纶污水处理厂的现有处理工艺进行了评估,考察了污染物的转化规律。结果表明,经一级生化处理后,废水中的COD、TOC和BOD_5去除率分别为51.1%、32.1%和98.1%,但二级生化处理对COD和TOC的去除没有贡献。一级生化处理过程中氨化作用显著,有机氮逐渐向氨氮和有机胺转化,含氰基的大分子逐渐降解为较小的分子,且可见光区类富里酸荧光物质向类腐殖酸荧光物质、紫外区类富里酸荧光物质转化,同时生化出水中新增溶解性微生物代谢产物。但一级生化出水中碳氮比很低,几乎没有可生化性,导致二级生化处理效果不佳。
The existing wastewater treatment processes of an acrylic ?ber manufacturing plant were assessed,and the pollutants transformation rules were investigated. The results showed that after the ?rst-stage biochemical treatment,the removal rate of COD,TOC and BOD5 in wastewater was 51.1%,32.1% and 98.1%,respectively,while the second-stage biochemical treatment had no contribution to removal of COD and TOC. It was found that an evident ammonification occurred in the first-stage biochemical treatment,where organic nitrogen transformed to ammonia nitrogen and organic amines,and the macromolecules with cyanogroup gradually degraded to smaller molecules,and the furic acid-like fluorescent substances in visible region were converted to humic acid-like and furic acidlike fluorescent substances in ultraviolet region,and new soluble microbial metabolites were found in the effluent.However,a low ratio of C to N in the ?rst-stage biochemical treatment con?rmed the limited biodegradability,resulting in the ineffective second-stage biochemical treatment.
引文
[1]李慧莉,罗冰,朱葛夫,等.含腈废水的生物一级处理工艺[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2013,35(5):73-77.
[2]邹士洋,杨腊梅.难降解废水的生物强化处理技术[J].中国给水排水,2005,21(7):26-28.
[3]范春健,董成梁.异相催化工艺预处理含腈废水的中试研究[J].广州化工,2012,40(15):170-172.
[4]蒋进元,李勇,王国威,等.Fenton法处理腈纶聚合废水[J].环境科学研究,2010,23(7):897-901.
[5]苏士岗,王军,张丽丽,等.两相厌氧+A/O工艺处理腈纶和丙烯酰胺混合废水[J].化工环保,2014,34(5):443-447.
[6]国家环境保护局规划标准处.水质氰化物的测定第一部分总氰化物的测定:GB 7486-1987[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1987.
[7]O’LOUGHLIN E,CHIN Y P.Effect of detector wavelength on the determination of the molecular weight of humic substances by high-pressure size exclusion chromatography[J].Water Res,2001,35(1):333-338.
[8]国家环境保护局科技标准司.污水综合排放标准:GB8978-1996[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1998.
[9]GHOSH K,SCHNITZER M.UV and visible absorption spectroscopic investigations in relation to macromolecular characteristics of humic substances[J].J Soil Sci,1979,30(4):735-745.
[10]SHON H K,VIGNESWARAN S,SNYDER S A.Effluent organic matter(EfOM)in wastewater:constituents,effects,and treatment[J].Crit Rev Env Sci Technol,2006,36(4):327-374.
[11]WERT E C,ROSARIO-ORTIZ F L D,DRURY DD,et al.Formation of oxidation byproducts from ozonation of wastewater[J].Water Res,2007,41(7):1481-1490.
[12]TRAINA S J,NOVAK J,SMECK N E.An ultraviolet absorbance method of estimating the percent aromatic carbon content of humic acids[J].J Environ Qual,1990,19(1):151-153.
[13]CHIN Y P,AIKEN G,O’LOUGHLIN E.Molecular weight,polydispersity,and spectroscopic properties of aquatic humic substances[J].Environ Sci Technol,1994,28(1):1853-1858.
[14]CHEN W,WESTERHOFF P,LEENHEER J A,et al.Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix regional integration to quantify spectra for dissolved organic matter[J].Environ Sci Technol,2003,37(24):5701-5710.
[15]KIM H C,YU M J.Characterization of natural organic matter in conventional water treatment processes for selection of treatment processes focused on DBPs control[J].Water Res,2005,39(19):4779-4789.
[16]KALBITZ K,GEYER W,GEYER S.Spectroscopic properties of dissolved humic substances:a reflection of land use history in a fen area[J].Biogeochemistry,1999,47(2):219-238.
[17]PULLINM J,CABANISS S E.Rank analysis of the pH-dependent synchronous fluorescence spectra of six standard humic substances[J].Environ Sci Technol,1995,29(6):1460-1467.