冀北山区油松人工林林分密度对枯落物层和土壤层水文特征的影响
|
摘要
为探究密度调控措施对冀北山区油松人工林枯落物水文特征的影响,以冀北山区油松人工林为研究对象,采用样地调查和室内浸泡法分析4种林分密度油松人工林未分解层和半分解层枯落物储量、枯落物持水特征、枯落物持水量、吸水速率及其与持水时间的关系。结果表明:(1)油松人工林4种林分密度的枯落物储量由大到小排序依次为1 785株/hm2(24.40t/hm2)、1 365株/hm2(24.03t/hm2)、1 050株/hm2(23.20t/hm2)、2 100株/hm2(21.00t/hm2);(2)枯落物的最大持水量为32.20～41.80t/hm2,最大持水率的范围为202.82～243.57t/hm2,有效拦蓄量在23.35～16.44t/hm2之间;半分解层枯落物持水量均大于未分解层,4种密度调控处理对枯落物未分解层持水过程影响并不显著,1 365株/hm2的半分解层枯落物持水能力明显高于其他3种林分密度;(3)4种林分密度油松人工林土壤的平均容重0.93～1.10g/cm3,按其排序4种密度由大到小依次为1 365株/hm2、1 785株/hm2、1 050株/hm2、2 100株/hm2;土壤总孔隙度51.83%～53.83%,按其排序4种密度由大到小依次为1 365株/hm2、1 785株/hm2、1 050株/hm2、2 100株/hm2;(4)油松人工林4种林分密度下土壤的有效持水量130.92～138.71t/hm2,按其排序4种密度由大到小依次为1 365株/hm2、1 785株/hm2、1 050株/hm2、2 100株/hm2,土壤最大持水量的变化范围为648.91～671.05t/hm2。
In order to explore the effects of varying thinning on hydrological characteristics of forest litter,Pinus tabulaeformis plantation in northern Hebei province was selected as the research object.The relationships between litter reserves,litter water holding capacity,water holding capacity and water absorption rate of litter and its holding time under different density control treatments were analyzed by plot investigation and indoor immersion method.The results showed that:(1)the order of litter size of 4 kinds of density control was light regulation(24.40 t/hm2),moderate regulation(24.03 t/hm2),severe regulation(23.20 t/hm2),and control intensity(21.00 t/hm2).(2)The maximum water holding capacity litter was 32.20～41.80 t/hm2,the maximum water holding rate range was 202.82～243.57 t/hm2,the modified interception amount in 23.35～16.44 t/hm2.Semi-decomposed litter water holding capacity was larger than the undeconposed layer.The effects of 4 kinds of density control treatments on water retension of litter undeveloped layer was not significant.Semi-decomposed litter water holding process of moderate regulation is significantly higher than that of mild and severe intensity regulation and control regulation.(3)The average bulk density of soil under 4 kinds of density controlled forest types was 0.93～1.10 g/cm3;and the size order was moderate control,mild control,severe control and control intensity;the total soil porosity was 51.83%～53.83%,and the order of porosity size was moderate control,mild control,severe control and control intensity.(4)the effective water holding capacity of soil under 4 kinds of density regulated soil types was 130.92～138.71 t/hm2,and the size order was moderate control,mild control,severe control and control intensity;and the maximum soil water holding capacity was 648.91～671.05 t/hm2.
In order to explore the effects of varying thinning on hydrological characteristics of forest litter,Pinus tabulaeformis plantation in northern Hebei province was selected as the research object.The relationships between litter reserves,litter water holding capacity,water holding capacity and water absorption rate of litter and its holding time under different density control treatments were analyzed by plot investigation and indoor immersion method.The results showed that:(1)the order of litter size of 4 kinds of density control was light regulation(24.40 t/hm2),moderate regulation(24.03 t/hm2),severe regulation(23.20 t/hm2),and control intensity(21.00 t/hm2).(2)The maximum water holding capacity litter was 32.20～41.80 t/hm2,the maximum water holding rate range was 202.82～243.57 t/hm2,the modified interception amount in 23.35～16.44 t/hm2.Semi-decomposed litter water holding capacity was larger than the undeconposed layer.The effects of 4 kinds of density control treatments on water retension of litter undeveloped layer was not significant.Semi-decomposed litter water holding process of moderate regulation is significantly higher than that of mild and severe intensity regulation and control regulation.(3)The average bulk density of soil under 4 kinds of density controlled forest types was 0.93～1.10 g/cm3;and the size order was moderate control,mild control,severe control and control intensity;the total soil porosity was 51.83%～53.83%,and the order of porosity size was moderate control,mild control,severe control and control intensity.(4)the effective water holding capacity of soil under 4 kinds of density regulated soil types was 130.92～138.71 t/hm2,and the size order was moderate control,mild control,severe control and control intensity;and the maximum soil water holding capacity was 648.91～671.05 t/hm2.
引文
[1]徐学华,崔立志,王锡武,等.不同经营措施对冀北山地华北落叶松林枯落物持水性能的影响[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(3):157-161.
[2]剪文灏,李淑春,陈波,等.冀北山区三种典型森林类型枯落物水文效应研究[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(5):144-147.
[3]吴钦孝,刘向东.山杨次生林枯枝落叶蓄积量及其水文作用[J].水土保持学报,1992,6(1):71-76.
[4]曹运强,崔立志,郭敬丽,等.不同坡向对油松中龄林林下植物多样性的影响研究[J].河北林果研究,2015,30(1):51-56.
[5]徐国巧,刘英华,李校,等.冀北山地油松林净生产力与相关立地因子关系模型的研究[J].河北林果研究,2013,28(1):6-9.
[6]杨坤,丁杰,胡静霞,等.冀北山地油松、蒙古栎林土壤水分———物理性质研究[J].河北林果研究,2016,31(2):116-121.
[7]李想,王锦,赵娜,等.木兰围场天然次生油松林年龄结构及更新动态研究[J].河北林果研究,2016,31(1):1-7
[8]张峰,彭祚登,安永兴,等.北京西山主要造林树种林下枯落物的持水特性[J].林业科学,2010,46(10):6-14.
[9]韩同吉,裴胜民,张光灿,等.北方石质山区典型林分枯落物层涵蓄水分特征[J].山东农业大学学报:自然科学版,2005(2):275-278.
[10]栾莉莉,张光辉,孙龙,等.黄土丘陵区典型植被枯落物持水性能空间变化特征[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(3):225-230.
[11]王波,张洪江,杜士才,等.三峡库区天然次生林凋落物森林水文效应研究[J].水土保持通报,2009,29(3):83-87.
[12]王甜,康峰峰,韩海荣,等.山西太岳山油松人工幼龄林水源涵养能力对密度调控的响应[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(2):133-138.
[13]陈波,孟成生,赵耀新,等.冀北山地不同海拔华北落叶松人工林枯落物和土壤水文效应[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(3):216-221.
[14]孙艳红,张洪江,杜士才,等.四面山不同林地类型土壤特性及其水源涵养功能[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(5):109-113.
[15]凌继华,崔立奇,张章.冀北山地不同坡位油松林枯落物水文效应[J].河北林果研究,2015,30(2):117-121.
[16]陈倩,周志立,史琛媛,等.河北太行山丘陵区不同林分类型枯落物与土壤持水效益[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(5):206-211.
[17]石媛,鲁绍伟,陈波,等.河北雾灵山不同密度油松人工林枯落物及土壤水文效应[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(3):92-97.
[18]李红云,杨吉华,鲍玉海,等.山东省石灰岩山区灌木林枯落物持水性能的研究[J].水土保持学报,2005(1):44-48.
[19]刘浩,郑文升,张毅,等.城市土地集约利用度与城市化综合水平协调度分析———以环渤海地区为例[J].华中师范大学学报:自然科学版,2012,46(5):616-623.
[20]李军,杨坤,张泽光,等.冀北山地不同坡位油松林土壤水文效应[J].河北林果研究,2016,31(1):8-12.
[21]卢振启,黄秋娴,杨新兵.河北雾灵山不同海拔油松人工林枯落物及土壤水文效应研究[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(1):112-116.
[2]剪文灏,李淑春,陈波,等.冀北山区三种典型森林类型枯落物水文效应研究[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(5):144-147.
[3]吴钦孝,刘向东.山杨次生林枯枝落叶蓄积量及其水文作用[J].水土保持学报,1992,6(1):71-76.
[4]曹运强,崔立志,郭敬丽,等.不同坡向对油松中龄林林下植物多样性的影响研究[J].河北林果研究,2015,30(1):51-56.
[5]徐国巧,刘英华,李校,等.冀北山地油松林净生产力与相关立地因子关系模型的研究[J].河北林果研究,2013,28(1):6-9.
[6]杨坤,丁杰,胡静霞,等.冀北山地油松、蒙古栎林土壤水分———物理性质研究[J].河北林果研究,2016,31(2):116-121.
[7]李想,王锦,赵娜,等.木兰围场天然次生油松林年龄结构及更新动态研究[J].河北林果研究,2016,31(1):1-7
[8]张峰,彭祚登,安永兴,等.北京西山主要造林树种林下枯落物的持水特性[J].林业科学,2010,46(10):6-14.
[9]韩同吉,裴胜民,张光灿,等.北方石质山区典型林分枯落物层涵蓄水分特征[J].山东农业大学学报:自然科学版,2005(2):275-278.
[10]栾莉莉,张光辉,孙龙,等.黄土丘陵区典型植被枯落物持水性能空间变化特征[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(3):225-230.
[11]王波,张洪江,杜士才,等.三峡库区天然次生林凋落物森林水文效应研究[J].水土保持通报,2009,29(3):83-87.
[12]王甜,康峰峰,韩海荣,等.山西太岳山油松人工幼龄林水源涵养能力对密度调控的响应[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(2):133-138.
[13]陈波,孟成生,赵耀新,等.冀北山地不同海拔华北落叶松人工林枯落物和土壤水文效应[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(3):216-221.
[14]孙艳红,张洪江,杜士才,等.四面山不同林地类型土壤特性及其水源涵养功能[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(5):109-113.
[15]凌继华,崔立奇,张章.冀北山地不同坡位油松林枯落物水文效应[J].河北林果研究,2015,30(2):117-121.
[16]陈倩,周志立,史琛媛,等.河北太行山丘陵区不同林分类型枯落物与土壤持水效益[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(5):206-211.
[17]石媛,鲁绍伟,陈波,等.河北雾灵山不同密度油松人工林枯落物及土壤水文效应[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(3):92-97.
[18]李红云,杨吉华,鲍玉海,等.山东省石灰岩山区灌木林枯落物持水性能的研究[J].水土保持学报,2005(1):44-48.
[19]刘浩,郑文升,张毅,等.城市土地集约利用度与城市化综合水平协调度分析———以环渤海地区为例[J].华中师范大学学报:自然科学版,2012,46(5):616-623.
[20]李军,杨坤,张泽光,等.冀北山地不同坡位油松林土壤水文效应[J].河北林果研究,2016,31(1):8-12.
[21]卢振启,黄秋娴,杨新兵.河北雾灵山不同海拔油松人工林枯落物及土壤水文效应研究[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(1):112-116.