环境规制、技术创新与经济增长——基于2008—2015年中国省际面板数据的实证分析
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摘要
基于2008—2015年我国省际动态面板数据,通过系统GMM方法实证分析环境规制对经济增长的影响和技术创新在两者关系间的调节效应,构建面板门槛模型探究环境规制的技术创新效应与经济增长的非线性关系,进一步构建空间面板杜宾模型,检验环境规制、技术创新对经济增长的空间溢出效应。结果显示:环境规制本身对经济增长存在负向影响,而环境规制的技术创新效应对经济增长产生显著的促进作用;环境规制与技术创新交互项对经济增长呈现出单一的门槛效应,当环境规制强度跨过临界值时,环境规制通过技术创新渠道对经济增长由促进作用转变为抑制作用;环境规制对相邻地区的经济增长呈现出负向空间溢出效应,技术创新对相邻地区具有正向空间溢出效应。
Based on provincial-level dynamic panel data from 2008 to 2015,the system GMM method was used to empirically analyze the impact of environmental regulation on economic growth and the moderating effect of technological innovation in the relationship between the two. This paper constructed the panel threshold model to explore the nonlinear relationship between the technological innovation effect of environmental regulation and economic growth. And it further constructed the spatial panel Dubin model to test the spatial spillover effect of environmental regulation and technological innovation on economic growth. The results showed that the environmental regulation had a negative impact on economic growth,and the technological innovation effect of environmental regulation had a significant effect on economic growth. The interaction between environmental regulation and technological innovation had a single threshold effect on economic growth. When the intensity of environmental regulation exceeded the critical value,environmental regulation would turn from the promotion of economic growth to the suppression through the channels of technological innovation. Environmental regulation presented a negative spatial spillover effect on economic growth in neighboring regions,and technological innovation had a positive spatial spillover effect on neighboring regions.
Based on provincial-level dynamic panel data from 2008 to 2015,the system GMM method was used to empirically analyze the impact of environmental regulation on economic growth and the moderating effect of technological innovation in the relationship between the two. This paper constructed the panel threshold model to explore the nonlinear relationship between the technological innovation effect of environmental regulation and economic growth. And it further constructed the spatial panel Dubin model to test the spatial spillover effect of environmental regulation and technological innovation on economic growth. The results showed that the environmental regulation had a negative impact on economic growth,and the technological innovation effect of environmental regulation had a significant effect on economic growth. The interaction between environmental regulation and technological innovation had a single threshold effect on economic growth. When the intensity of environmental regulation exceeded the critical value,environmental regulation would turn from the promotion of economic growth to the suppression through the channels of technological innovation. Environmental regulation presented a negative spatial spillover effect on economic growth in neighboring regions,and technological innovation had a positive spatial spillover effect on neighboring regions.
引文
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[3]Coria J,Jaraite J. Carbon Pricing:Transaction Costs of Emissions Trading vs. Carbon Taxes[J]. Working Papers in Economics,2015,39(5)∶512-514.
[4]Hering L,Poncet S. Environmental Policy and Exports:Evidence from Chinese Cities[J]. Journal of Environmental Economics&Management,2014,68(2)∶296-318.
[5]Albrizio S,Kozluk T,Zipperer V. Environmental Policies and Productivity Growth:Evidence Across Industries and Firms[J]. Journal of Environmental Economics&Management,2017,81(1)∶209-226.
[6]Porter M E. Towards a Dynamic Theory of Strategy[J]. Strategic Management Journal,1991,12(S2)∶95-117.
[7]宋马林,王舒鸿.环境规制、技术进步与经济增长[J].经济研究,2013,(3)∶122-134.
[8]Feng C,Shi B,Kang R. Does Environmental Policy Reduce Enterprise Innovation?——Evidence from China[J]. Sustainability,2017,9(6)∶872.
[9]史贝贝,冯晨,张妍,等.环境规制红利的边际递增效应[J].中国工业经济,2017,(12)∶40-58.
[10]Christainsen G B,Haveman R H. The Contribution of Environmental Regulations to the Slowdown in Productivity Growth[J]. Journal of Environmental Economics&Management,1981,8(4)∶381-390.
[11]马海良,黄德春,姚惠泽.技术创新、产业绩效与环境规制——基于长三角的实证分析[J].软科学,2012,26(1)∶1-5.
[12]Hansen B E. Threshold Effects in Non-dynamic Panels:Estimation,Testing,and Inference[J]. Journal of Econometrics,1999,93(2)∶345-368.
[13]Yeats A. Do“Dirty”Industries Migrate[M]. Low P. International Trade and the Environment. Washington:World Bank,1992∶89-103.
[14]Criado C O,Valente S,Stengos T. Growth and Pollution Convergence:Theory and Evidence[J]. Journal of Environmental Economics&Management,2011,62(2)∶199-214.
[15]王杰,刘斌.环境规制与企业全要素生产率——基于中国工业企业数据的经验分析[J].中国工业经济,2014,(3)∶44-56.
[16]Mani M,Wheeler D. In Search of Pollution Havens? Dirty Industry Migration in the World Economy[J]. Journal of Environment Development,1998,7(3)∶215-247.
[17]王洪庆.人力资本视角下环境规制对经济增长的门槛效应研究[J].中国软科学,2016,(6)∶52-61.
[18]李廉水,徐瑞.环境规制对中国制造业技术创新的影响[J].河海大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2016,(3)∶32-37.
[19]Battese G E,Coelli T J. Prediction of Firm-level Technical Efficiencies with a Generalized Frontier Production Function and Panel Data[J]. Journal of Econometrics,1998,38(3)∶387-399.
[20]孙学敏,王杰.环境规制对中国企业规模分布的影响[J].中国工业经济,2014,(12)∶44-56.